RU2736134C1 - New generation feedstuff production line for fur animals - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fodders.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to feedstuff industry, in particular, to a line for production of animal feedstuffs. Line includes screener, magnetic column, screw conveyor, production hoppers with batchers, scales, receiving hopper of burrow, mixer, mixing hopper, screener, auger feeder, conditioner-stirrer, extruder, drier-cooler, dragee, finished product bin, besides, the line is additionally equipped with units for input of liquid components and vacuum sprayer with nozzles, which is installed after cooler and is connected to vacuum line to maintain low pressure - 0.02–0.04 MPa.

EFFECT: invention usage allows to produce a product with high content of protein-fat complex, to increase assimilability of produced feedstuffs.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the compound feed industry, in particular to the production lines of compound feed for fur-bearing animals and can be used in the production of highly efficient new generation compound feed.

A known method of producing food for dogs and fur-bearing animals, which mixes bone meal, plant components in the form of a grain feed mixture, alcohol production waste in the form of dry distillery, waste beet production, meat and bone or blood or fish meal and wheat gluten [18].

This method is limited in terms of raw materials, because no waste of cereal and flour production (for example, bran) is used and is limited to use only by fur animals and dogs. In addition, two duplicate operations are known in this method. This is the use of bone meal and meat and bone meal, when it is known that meat and bone meal is almost 50% more nutritious and contains a bone component.

Known line for the production of animal feed [company "Jinan Qidong Machinery Co." (China)], which consists of a mixer, a screw conveyor, a twin-screw extruder, a pneumatic conveyor, a dryer, a flavoring device, a cooling conveyor, and a packaging machine. As raw materials, it is possible to use meat flour, fish meal, corn flour, soybean meal, grain of wheat, peas, etc.

The disadvantages of the known line are: low versatility of the line in the production of feed for various types of fur animals, low digestibility of the produced feed due to insufficiently deep thermobarometric processing of feed components, high energy consumption for the production of products.

The technical objective of the invention is the implementation of the proposed combination of technological operations under rational modes for processing the original components that are part of the feed; creation of compound feeds with programmable properties for various types of fur-bearing animals with a high content of a protein-fat complex, an increase in the digestibility of the produced compound feed, achieved through extrusion processing of the protein-carbohydrate complex and the application of fat-and-vitamin additives to the surface of extruded granules; increase in weight gain and quality of skins of fur animals, decrease in the cost of furs by reducing the cost of compound feed.

The posed technical problem of the invention is achieved by the fact that in the production line for the production of compound feed for fur-bearing animals, including a sifter, a magnetic column, a screw conveyor, production bins with dispensers, scales, an elevator receiving hopper, a mixer, a mixing bunker, a sifter, a screw feeder, a conditioner-steamer , extruder, dryer-cooler, dragee machine, bunker for finished products, new is that the line is additionally equipped with installations for the introduction of liquid components and a vacuum sprayer with nozzles, which is installed after the cooler and connected to the vacuum line to maintain a reduced pressure - 0.02 -0.04 MPa.

FIG. 1 shows a diagram of a technological line for the production of compound feed for fur animals.

The technological line for the production of compound feed for fur animals (Fig. 1) includes the following equipment: a sifter 1, a magnetic column 2, a screw conveyor 3, a gate valve 4, seven production bins 5 with feeders 6, batch strain gauges 7, noria 8, an installation for feeding animal fat 9, installation for introducing fish oil 10, batch mixer 11, mixing hopper 12, sifter 13, crusher 14, storage hopper 15, screw feeder 16, conditioner-steamer 17, extruder 18, cooler 19, dragee apparatus 20 and hopper for finished products 21.

The technological process for the production of compound feed for fur animals includes the following main operations: storage and dosing of the main components; mixing with other components; grinding the resulting mixture; steaming and extruding the resulting mixture, cooling the resulting extruded granules, applying fatty-vitamin additives to the surface of the extrudate (panning) with the introduction of fatty-vitamin additives.

The proposed technological line for the production of animal feed for fur animals operates as follows (Fig. 1). The feed components are fed into the sifter 1, where they are cleaned of impurities. Then the cleaned components are cleaned from ferro-impurities on the magnetic column 2 and the screw conveyor 3 and the overhead valve 4 are sent to the production bins 5, of which, using 6 dispensers, they are sent to the 7 batch strainers.

Further, the components are weighed in certain proportions on the scales 7 and fed into the receiving hopper of the elevator 8, which feeds them into the mixer 11. The use of the original design of the working bodies of the mixer 11 allows mixing in a quasi-weightless state and achieving high homogeneity of the resulting mixture (the coefficient of variation is 0.04) ...

After mixing, the resulting mixture from the mixing hopper 12 passes through the 13 sifter, from where the coarse fraction is sent to the crusher (crusher-structurator) 14, and the fine fraction to the hopper 15.

Next, the resulting mixture is fed to the screw feeder 16.

The initial mixture is sent by a screw feeder 16 to the conditioner-steamer 17 along with other components for preparing the steamed mixture. The mode of operation of the feeder 16 is determined depending on the bulk mass of the mash feed, which is brought by the operator before starting the line or when switching from one recipe to another.

In the conditioner-steamer 17, under the influence of steam, the bulk compound feed is preheated and moistened for subsequent transfer to barothermal treatment in the extruder. Direct injection of liquid components and steam supply to the conditioner-steamer 17 is carried out through a manifold with ejector nozzles located along the entire length of the conditioner-steamer 17, which allows the processing of bulk feed in the conditioner-steamer evenly throughout its entire mass. Steaming is carried out in the following mode: steam pressure - 0.3 MPa; steam consumption - 120-140 kg; temperature of the steamed mixture - 80-100 ° С; the moisture content of the steamed mixture is 20-21%. After conditioning, the loose compound feed in the form of a steamed mixture is sent to the extruder 18.

Barothermal treatment (extrusion) of loose compound feed is carried out with the following parameters: product temperature at the exit from the extruder - 130-140 ° C; unit pressure - up to 7.0 MPa; processing time - 4-5 s.

The extruded granules are fed into the 19 cooling dryer, where they are cooled to a temperature not exceeding the ambient temperature by more than 10 ° C.

Extra dates are fed into cooler 19 for air cooling to a temperature not exceeding the ambient temperature by more than 10 ° C. To cool 1 ton of pellets, usually 1500-2000 m3 ^of air is required. In winter, the cooling rate should be somewhat lower to prevent the possible removal of excess moisture from the product. To exclude the entrainment of a fine fraction of the product, the optimal air speed should not exceed 2.0-2.5 m / s. After cooler 19 in the outlet pipeline, the air temperature should be 40-60 ° C. The higher the ambient temperature, the less chance of moisture condensation in the piping. Therefore, the optimal cooling mode should ensure a decrease in the temperature of the product to the required values, exclude excessive removal of moisture and its condensation in the discharge pipelines, and prevent excessive carryover of fines.

The cooled granules are then sent to a dragee machine 20 for applying fatty and vitamin supplements to the surface of the extruded granules. At the same time, fat and vitamin supplements are fed into it from the installation for feeding animal fat 10 and the installation for feeding fish oil 9, the designs of which ensure a stable and uniform supply of liquid components with minimal energy consumption. The introduction of liquid components (fish and animal oil, fat-and-vitamin additives, etc.) into the coating apparatus 20 is carried out through a manifold with nozzles located along the entire length of its working chamber, which makes it possible to ensure uniform distribution of liquid components over the surface of the extruded granules. For better formation of the fatty vitamin supplement applied to the surface of the extruded granules, a reduced pressure of 0.02-0.04 MPa can be maintained in the coating apparatus 20.

Installations 9 and 10 include a pump with a drive, a set of measuring and control equipment and devices, pipeline fittings that allow the operator to set a certain fat consumption from the control panel, control and, if necessary, correct it.

Dragee granules are then sent to the finished product hopper 21 for further sale.

Thus, the use of the invention will allow:

- to implement the proposed combination of technological operations under rational modes for processing the initial components that make up the compound feed;

- to create compound feeds with programmable properties for various types of fur animals with a high content of a protein-fat complex in order to increase the availability of its action of digestive enzymes;

- to increase the digestibility of the produced compound feeds by various types of fur-bearing animals by optimizing the protein-fat complex, achieved through the thermomechanical destruction of the protein-carbohydrate complex and the application of fat and vitamin supplements to the surface of extruded granules;

- increase in weight gain and quality of skins of fur-bearing animals, decrease in the cost of furs by reducing the cost of feed.

Claims (1)

Technological line for the production of compound feed for fur-bearing animals, including a sifter, a magnetic column, a screw conveyor, production bins with dispensers, scales, an elevator receiving hopper, a mixer, a mixing bunker, a sifter, a screw feeder, a conditioner-steamer, an extruder, a dryer-cooler apparatus, bunker of finished products, characterized in that the line is additionally equipped with installations for injecting liquid components and a vacuum sprayer with nozzles, which is installed after the cooler and connected to the vacuum line to maintain a reduced pressure of 0.02-0.04 MPa.

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