RU2717647C1 - High-protein fodder additives production line - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, in particular, to a production line for production of high-protein fodder additives. Proposed line comprises norias, bins, screw feeder, magnetic separator, extruder, crusher and mixer. Line is additionally equipped with an apparatus for barothermal treatment of the initial grain raw material and a centrifugal peeler successively installed downstream the sieving machine and the magnetic column. After bins for storage of grain raw material there is a screw feeder, steaming machine, conditioner, extruder, vacuum evaporator, cooler, bunker strain gauges, a mixer, a mixer hopper, a screw conveyor, a grinder, an installation for feeding liquid components and a steam generator.

EFFECT: invention usage allows to enhance quality of complete feedstuffs due to high content of protein in them.

1 cl, 1 dwg, 4 tbl

Description

The invention relates to methods for the production of high protein feed additives for producing complete feed for farm animals and poultry and can be used in the feed industry.

A known line for producing protein feed (Patent No. 2646092 of the Russian Federation, A23N17 / 00. A line for receiving protein feed. Priporov I.E. (RU). Patent holder Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin "- No. 2017103709, application 03.02.2017, published 01.03.201, Bulletin No. 7), including a hopper for storing the oilseed processing product and a hopper for enriching it with micronutrients, an extruder with a hopper, a mixer, a feed storage tank. The line contains an air-sieve grain cleaning machine, under which there is a hopper for storing the oilseed processing product, an air conditioner and a grinder. In this case, the bunker for storing the oilseed processing product is made in the form of two compartments, under which there is a storage tank with an outlet, an extruder is installed above the bunker, the outlet of which is in communication with the bunker, a tank for enrichment with micronutrients of the oilseed processing product, a mixer is installed inside it, wherein the outlet of the tank is installed above the inlet of the air conditioner and communicated with the chopper, at the outlet of which a tank for storing feed is installed.

The disadvantages of this line are:

- the inability to clean the lupine seeds from the shell, the presence of which during further processing reduces the nutritional value of the resulting high-protein additives and increases feed conversion;

- trauma to the grain by norias and a screw conveyor; the presence of dampers, leading to laborious regulation of the flow of grain into the bins.

The closest in its technical essence and the achieved effect is the extruded compound feed production line (RF Patent No. 2489946. The extruded compound feed production line. VG Korotkov, VP Popov, Antimonov SV, Kishkilev SV A23N 17 / 00, - 2011153340/13. - Declared 12/26/2011; Pub. 08/20/2013, Bull. No. 23), which includes an extruder, dryer, two containers for husks and mealy raw materials with dispensers, hoppers for storing liquid components having in their lower part are volumetric dispensers and nozzles for spraying liquid components, and a tape conveyor sporter placed under the hopper. The line is additionally equipped with two shock freezing units located under the batchers of containers for husks and mealy raw materials, hammer and rotary crushers, the outlets of which are connected to a pipeline located above the belt conveyor. The line also has two reserve pipelines connecting the batchers of containers for husks and mealy raw materials with hammer and rotary crushers. The line is also additionally equipped with a mixer located between the pipeline connected to the outputs of the hammer and rotary crushers and belt conveyor.

The main disadvantages of the known line are:

- the impossibility of implementing energy-saving production technology due to the need for a phase transition of moisture in the husk and powdery raw materials for shock freezing;

- does not solve the problem of providing high-performance compound feeds with a high protein content for various groups of farm animals;

- does not provide a reduction in the cost of full feed for farm animals.

The technical result of the invention is to improve the quality of complete feeds due to the higher protein content, to improve the quality of the obtained high-protein supplement by cleaning the lupine seeds from the shell, the presence of which during further processing reduces the nutritional value and increases feed conversion, as well as by introducing fat-and-vitamin supplements.

The task is achieved in that in the technological line for the production of high-protein feed additives, including elevators, hoppers, auger feeder, magnetic separator, extruder, crusher, mixer, the new one is that the line is additionally equipped with a barothermic processing apparatus and a centrifugal peeling machine, which are subsequently installed after a sifter and a magnetic column, and after the bunkers for storing grain raw materials with a high protein content (lupine, soy, rape, etc.) are located a screw feeder, steamed atelier, air conditioner, extruder, vacuum sprayer, cooler, hopper strain gauge scales; mixer; mixing hopper; screw conveyor; chopper, installation for introducing liquid components and a steam generator.

In FIG. 1 shows a space-planning image of a technological line for the production of high-protein feed additives.

The technological line for the production of high-protein feed additives includes the following equipment: elevators 1 and 20; receiving hopper 2; sifter 3; magnetic column 4; cross over valves 5 and 17; apparatus for barothermic processing 6; peeling machine 7; hopper 8 with electric valves 9 at the exit of them; production hopper 10; screw feeder 11; magnetic separator 12; steamer 13; air conditioning 14; extruder 15; chopper 16; sprayer 18; cooler 19; production bins 21 with electric valves at the exit of them; bunker tensometric scales 22; mixer 23; mixing hopper 24; screw conveyor 25; installation for introducing liquid components 26 and a steam generator 27.

The technological line for the production of high-protein feed additives from lupine (Fig. 1) includes the following technological operations:

- cleaning of the source grain (seeds of lupine, rapeseed, soy, etc.) from impurities on the sifter 3 installed after the receiving hopper 2;

- purification of grain from metal-magnetic impurities in the magnetic column 4;

- seed treatment with steam supplied from the steam generator 27, in the apparatus for barothermic treatment 6;

- separation of the shell of the seeds of lupine on a peeling machine 7;

- storage of peeled lupine seeds in production bins 8;

- cleaning grain from metal-magnetic impurities in the magnetic separator 12;

- moisture thermal treatment of grain in the steamer 13;

- uniform distribution of humidity and temperature over the entire volume of the grain mass in the air conditioner 14;

- extruding the grain mass in the extruder 15;

- grinding the extrudate in the grinder 16;

- spraying fatty food additives on the surface of the extruded granules in the sprayer 18;

- cooling the extruded granules in a cooler 19;

- storage of chilled extruded granules in bins 21;

- weighing certain portions of extruded granules in a hopper strain gauge balance 22 and mixing them with fat-and-vitamin additives in the mixer 23;

- unloading the finished high-protein feed additive from the mixer 23 into the mixing hopper 24 and feeding them using a screw conveyor 25 to the packaging.

White and narrow-leaved lupine are widely used as a high-protein feed additive. For feed purposes use only lupine that meets the requirements of GOST R 54632-2011 feed lupine. Technical conditions The chemical and amino acid composition of the grain of white lupine is shown in table 1 [Recommendations for the practical use of feed from narrow-leaved lupine in the diets of farm animals // Artyukhov AI, Vashchekin EP, Efimenko EA, Kadyrov F.G., Menkova A.A. - Bryansk: 2009].

Table 1. Chemical (% dry matter) and amino acid composition of white lupine grains (% to crude protein)

Index Corn Kernel (without shell) Shell Minerals and Vitamins Calcium,% 0.3 0.14 0.72 Phosphorus,% 0.4 0.49 0,03 Selenium, mg / kg 1.13 1.81 1,56 Vitamin E, μg / g 23.11 28.89 57.74 Carotenoids, mcg / g 25.54 31.9 1.65 Amino acids Lysine 1,53 1.87 0.33 Valine 1.06 1.41 0.26 Methionine 0.38 0.34 0.05 Isoleucine 1.33 1.77 0.21 Leucine 2.26 3 0.35 Greonin 1.09 1.38 0.18 Phenylalanine 1.26 1.49 0.21 Histidine 0.75 0.97 0.14 Arginine 2.92 3.87 0.22 Glycine 1.17 1.48 0.19 Cystine 0.47 0.47 0.1 Methionine + cystine 0.85 0.81 0.15 Total 15.07 18.86 2,39

In addition, soybean, rapeseed, and other processed products are used as a high-protein feed additive.

To reduce anti-nutritional substances (mainly alkaloids: lupanin, lupinidine, hydroxylupanine, etc.), low-alkaloid varieties of white lupine (alkaloid content less than 0.3%) and non-alkaloid ones that contain alkaloids less than 0.025% are used in lupine.

A comparative analysis of the feed value and chemical composition of the grain of white lupine, soybean and soybean meal is shown in table 2.

Table 2. The feed value and chemical composition of the grain of white lupine, soybean and soybean meal

OE, kcal / 100 g OE, MJ / kg Crude protein,% Crude fat,% Crude fiber,% Lupine Grain (whole) 251 10.51 39.9 7.23 11.5 Lupine core 284 11.89 46.2 8.52 2,39 Lupine shell 107 4,5 9.2 1.43 49.3 Full Fat Soya * 365 15.27 38.5 19,4 5.5 Soybean meal * 245 10.25 42 1,2 7.7

OE - exchange energy

* Reference data. Recommendations for feeding poultry (2009)

The grain shells of white lupine are 14-19% (table 3), therefore, their removal allows to increase the protein content in the product up to 50% [Egorov I.A., Andrianova E.N., Tsygutkin A.S., Shtele A.L. White lupine and other legumes in poultry feeding // Achievements of science and technology of the agro-industrial complex. - 2010. - No. 9].

Table 3. Physico-geometric parameters of the Degas variety lupine

Index Dimension Mean 1000 grain weight g 260-380 Grain width mm 9,4 Grain thickness mm 4.4 Shell fraction (by weight) % 14-19 Shell thickness mm 0.27 Grain Protein Content % 35-40 Core protein content % 42-50

The chemical composition of the shells is shown in table 4.

Then the raw material is divided into cotyledons and the shell, which is subsequently split into dietary fiber. In cotyledons, 20–25% more protein is observed than in whole grains.

The technological line for the production of high protein feed additives (Fig. 1) works as follows.

Table 4. The chemical composition of the shells,%

Vegetable Shell Nutrients Lupine Soybean Wheat bran Squirrels 1.4 3,5 15,5 Fats 1.82 0.9 3.2 Carbohydrates, including: 86.8 87 53.8 Cellulose 44.78 42 total 9.62 Hemicellulose 10,2 24.6 Pignin 23,2 10.5 Starch 4 1 Sucrose 3.4 4,5 eight Glucose 2.7 0.1 - Ash,% 5.52 4.3 5 Alkaloids,% 0.005 - - Solids 92.3 92.3 87.5

The source of grain raw materials (lupine seeds) is fed through the elevator 1 to the production hopper 2, from which it is fed to the screener 3, where non-feed impurities are separated. From the sifter 3, through a magnetic column 4, with the help of a flapper valve 5, the lupine seeds are fed in two streams: either to the barothermic processing apparatus 6, or to the storage bin 8. Grain raw materials that do not need to separate the shell (rapeseed, soybeans) are sent to one of the hoppers 8 using a flap valve 5.

Steam from the steam generator 27 is simultaneously supplied to the apparatus for barothermal treatment 6. As a result of short-term steam treatment at a pressure of 0, 35 MPa and a temperature of 145 ° C, microcracks form on the surface of the lupine seed shells. Then the lupine is fed into the hull 7, in which peeling of the lupine is carried out by direct impact of the kernel against the deck. Unshelled lupine seeds enter the center of the rotating rotor, where the grains accelerate to a speed of 50-57 m / s and at this speed hit the stationary deck. In this case, peeling of the lupine occurs, it is picked up by the blades and thrown to the deck.

Then the peeled product is removed from the sheller 7 and the hoppers 8 are sent.

From the hoppers 8 with electric valves 9 at the exit from them, the husked grain is fed into the production hopper 10, from which it is sent through a magnetic separator 12 through a magnetic separator 12 to the steamer 13. At the same time, steam from the steam generator 27 is supplied to the steamer 13. In the steamer 13, the grain is exposed to steam the mass is heated and moistened. Steaming is carried out in the following mode: vapor pressure - 0.3 MPa; the temperature of the steamed mixture is 80-100 ° C; the humidity of the steamed mixture is 20-21%. Then the steamed grains of lupine or rapeseed are sent to the conditioner 14, and from it to the extruder 15. Barothermic processing in the extruder 15 is carried out with the following parameters: temperature of the product at the exit of the extruder is 120-140 ° C; installation pressure - up to 7.0 MPa; processing time - 4-5 s.

Extrusion of grain raw materials (lupine, rapeseed, soybeans, etc.) provides a short-term baroheat and heat treatment, increasing their nutritional value due to the partial hydrolysis of starch, ensuring the preservation of natural vitamins and improving the sanitary condition.

The obtained extruded grain raw materials (lupine, rapeseed, soybeans, etc.) are sent for grinding to a grinder 16, in which the extruded bundle is crushed to granules of a certain size.

Using the flap valve 17, the crushed extruded granules are fed in one of two streams: either to the atomizer 18, or immediately to the cooler 19.

At the same time, a fat-and-vitamin supplement is supplied to the atomizer 18 from the apparatus for introducing liquid components 26, which is evenly distributed not only on the surface of the extruded granules, but also partially absorbed into the micropores of the extruded granules. Installation 26 includes a pump with a drive, a set of measuring and control equipment and instruments, pipe fittings that allow the operator to set a specific fat flow rate from the control panel, control it and, if necessary, correct it.

The direct introduction of liquid components is carried out through a collector with ejector nozzles located along the entire length of the atomizer 18, which allows the processing of grain raw materials uniformly throughout its volume.

The extruded granules with a fat-supplement are fed to a cooler 19, in which the product is cooled to a temperature of not more than 10 ° C above ambient temperature. The cooled extruded granules are fed into the respective bins 21.

From the production bins 21, with the help of electric valves at the outlet, the product is fed into the bunker tensometric scales 22, which weigh a certain portion of the product and direct it to the mixer 23. Fat-vitamin additives can be simultaneously delivered to the mixer 23 (depending on the formulation). The resulting product from the mixer 23 is discharged into a mixing hopper 24, from which it is sent by a screw conveyor 25 for further packaging or shipment to the consumer.

In the diet of valuable breeds of fish, piglets and chickens, it is advisable to use a lupine-rape concentrate with lupine without a shell with a very low fiber content.

The proposed production line of high protein feed additives has the following advantages:

- high-protein feed additives will improve the digestibility of feed by 10-12%, minimize anti-nutritional substances, completely remove the grain shell;

- will improve the quality of complete feed for farm animals with nutritionally balanced components that contribute to the growth of weight gain, reduce the timing of fattening and reduce feed conversion.

Claims (1)

A technological line for the production of high-protein feed additives, including elevators, hoppers, auger feeder, magnetic separator, extruder, crusher, mixer, characterized in that the line is additionally equipped with a barothermic processing unit for the initial grain raw materials and a centrifugal peeling machine, installed in series after the sifter and magnetic column, and after the bunkers for storing grain raw materials, a screw feeder, a steamer, an air conditioner, an extruder are arranged in a technological sequence , vacuum sprayer, cooler, hopper strain gauge scales; mixer; mixing hopper; screw conveyor; chopper, installation for introducing liquid components and a steam generator.

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