RU2772828C1 - Poly(trimethylene-dicarboxylate) based device for water desalation and purification - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: water purification.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a device for desalination and water purification, containing a desalination filter, including a carbon filter with a coarse filter and poly(trimethylene-dicarboxylate) powder located between two carbon fiber membranes, placed in a housing, a container with filtered water, a pressurization device configured to connect a mechanical pump for manual pressurization and a gas cylinder for pressurization without the use of mechanical work. In this case, all the mentioned elements are connected by means of quick-detachable connections.

EFFECT: possibility of simultaneous physical purification of water from impurities by adsorption and passage of water through the membrane, as well as chemical purification due to ion-exchange processes in poly(trimethylene-dicarboxylate) powder located between two carbon fiber membranes.

3 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to devices for desalination and purification of water by passing it through a filter system, including selective poly(trimethylene-dicarboxylate) in the form of a powder. This device allows you to carry out the process of purification and desalination of water using controlled pressure. The device has a compact size and can be used directly at the point of water intake by its consumer.

It is known from the prior art that the proposed patent for WO 2011122986A2 "Hydrodynamic method of water purification" (C02F 9/00, C02F 1/24, C02F 1/32, PCT/RU 201 1/000086, 17.02.2011, Panasyuk Dmitry Valerievich (RU )) refers to the technology of water purification from underground sources and open reservoirs, as well as industrial and domestic water from mechanical impurities, salts, metals, surfactants, water disinfection. The technology can be used to produce water for drinking and industrial purposes. Identical for the developed device and this patent is equalization of pressure to the calculated working pressure, removal of fine and coarse impurities and abundant saturation of air with oxygen, as well as the possibility of using a storage tank before water reaches the consumer. The difference of the developed device is the possibility of water purification from sodium ions through the use of poly(trimethylene-dicarboxylate) powder located between two carbon fiber membranes.

A known device is described in US Pat. , Kimura Souzou (JP), Takeda Hatsumi (JP)). SUBSTANCE: jug-type device contains a body in the form of a jug, containing a cylindrical body part having a bottom and a partition for separating the internal space of the body part, a jug lid that closes the open upper edge of the jug body in a liquid-tight manner, and a water purification cartridge removablely attached to the open parts for fastening in the partition. The body part is formed in a shape in which the cross section of the upper edge is approximately circular and the bottom is rectangular. The water purification cartridge contains a water purification material intended for water treatment, a cylindrical body element in which the water purification material is placed. At the bottom of the housing element, an outlet is formed for discharging purified water, and the upper edge of the housing element is open. Receiving holes for receiving water to be processed in the water purification cartridge are formed in the upper part of the side wall of the housing element. The main advantage of this and developed devices is their compactness and the ability to use directly at the point of water intake. The disadvantage that is characteristic of US 10160681 B2 is the inability to change the pressure in the jug, and, consequently, the increased duration of the purification process.

In the patent ZA 102110 C2 "Fine filter" (B01J 20/10, B01D 39/2062, B01J 20/14, B01J 20/20, B01J 20/28004, 2010105765/05 dated 08/25/2008, Jaideep Chatterjee, Santosh Kumar Gupta (IN)) does not contain a system for setting the necessary pressure to increase the filtration rate.

The closest analogue is the patent WO 2010098691A1 "Installation for cleaning liquid, the method of washing the hollow fiber filter and the use of the method of washing the hollow fiber filter" (C02F 9/02, C02F 1/44, C02F 1/463, B01D 29/66, B01D 6502, PCT/ RU 2009/000593 dated 10/30/2009 Aquaphor Limited Liability Company (RU)), for a group of inventions related to liquid water treatment devices that can be used to treat drinking and waste water, including sea, river, lake and well water, from polar and non-polar organic substances, heavy metal ions, microorganisms and a significant amount of salts. The liquid purification plant comprises a means for supplying a liquid to be purified, an electrocoagulation unit, a hollow fiber filter with liquid backwash, a reverse osmosis unit, a storage tank, a check valve, and a means for removing the purified liquid. Identical for the developed device and this one is the compactness of the installation, allowing it to be carried manually. The disadvantage of this device is the inability to clean and desalinate water with excess pressure.

A common disadvantage of all of the above analogues is that they do not allow precise and universal control of pressure in the process of water purification and desalination. In addition, it should be noted that many devices are capable of performing only one of the technical tasks - cleaning or desalination, while the task of a simultaneous process is quite relevant. All these shortcomings are eliminated in the device proposed for consideration, specially designed for desalination and water purification, in which a stage-by-stage water purification system is implemented through the use of a filter system, including a filter based on poly(trimethylene-dicarboxylate), with the ability to control pressure.

The main objective of the present invention is to obtain purified and demineralized water due to the effective and irreversible removal of harmful impurities. By deeply purifying water, the developed device will be able to retain all accumulated pollutants throughout the entire period of use.

In the proposed device, it becomes possible to control pressure through a system of high and low pressure devices. Overpressure can be generated by a mechanical pump and monitored by a low pressure gauge, or by a gas cylinder and monitored by high and low pressure gauges. This system allows you to adjust the required pressure in the system depending on the need, which allows you to make resource planning the most efficient.

The device includes a selective poly(trimethylene dicarboxylate) filter in powder form sandwiched between two carbon fiber membranes protected by an outer casing.

The technical result of the invention is the purification of water from mechanical impurities and salts with the possibility of controlling pressure in the process of purification and desalination.

The problem is solved by the fact that in the proposed device for desalination and water purification, containing a filter-desalter with poly(trimethylene-dicarboxylate) powder, capable of selectively precipitating Na ⁺ ions [1-3], located between two carbon fiber membranes, a container with filtered water, a device for creating excess pressure. The overpressure device is configured to connect a mechanical pump or a gas cylinder to create an overpressure above the surface of the filtered water, and all the above-mentioned elements are connected by means of quick-detachable connections. At the same time, the device for creating excess pressure contains check valves and a relief valve necessary to relieve pressure when a value of 1 bar is exceeded.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

In FIG. 1 shows a view of the assembled device.

In FIG. 2 shows an exploded view of the overpressure device.

In FIG. 3 shows a view of the assembled overpressure device without pump and gas bottle.

In FIG. 4 shows a general view of the desalination filter.

In FIG. 5 shows a separate part of the desalination filter.

In FIG. Figure 6 shows the dependence of the concentration of sodium ions in a solution of C (Na ⁺ ) g/ml on the number of the cycle of using a device for desalination and water purification based on poly(trimethylene dicarboxylate).

In FIG. 7 shows the dependence of formative units (FMU) on the cycle number for the filtrate obtained using a device for desalination and water purification based on poly(trimethylene dicarboxylate).

The positions in the drawings are: 1 - mechanical pump (for example, a manual bicycle), 2 - pressure regulator, 3 - low pressure gauge, 4 - high pressure gauge, 5 - check valve, 6 - gas cylinder (CO ₂ cylinder 80 g), 7 - container with filtered water, 8 - quick connection, 9 - filter-desalter, 10 - relief valve, 11 - sealing ring, 12 - fitting, 13 - gas cylinder connection point, 14 is a filter membrane, including poly(trimethylene) powder -dicarboxylate), 18 - located between two carbon fiber membranes 16 and placed in the housing 17, 15 - carbon filter.

The assembled device is a composite structure, the main elements are: an overpressure device (Fig. 2), a container 7 with filtered water, a desalination filter 9. All structural elements are interconnected using quick-release connections 8. The overpressure device is made with the possibility of using a gas cylinder 6. In case the gas in the cylinder has run out, it is possible to use a mechanical pump 1, which is connected to the fitting 12. Any pump is allowed, the figure shows a manual bicycle pump. The filtration rate is determined by the amount of excess pressure above the surface of the filtered water in the tank 7. The value of this pressure is set by the pressure regulator 2 and controlled by the low pressure gauge 3. The device also has check valves 5, which are necessary for the independent operation of the circuits with the pump 1 and with the gas cylinder 6 The efficiency of the filtration and desalination process depends on the rate of passage of filtered water through the system (the lower the rate, the more efficient the filtration and desalination process), and since this rate depends on the amount of excess pressure above the surface of the filtered water, it must be limited. To fulfill this condition, the system has a relief valve 10, which opens if the maximum allowable overpressure of 1 bar is exceeded. The main element of the design is the desalination filter 9, which consists of a carbon filter 15 and poly(trimethylene dicarboxylate) powder located between two carbon fiber membranes 14, poly(trimethylene dicarboxylate) powder 18 is located between two carbon fiber membranes 16 and placed in the body 17. All necessary connections are provided with sealing rings 11.

The result of using the device is to obtain fresh water (C(Na ⁺ )<0.001 g/ml). Figure 6 shows the concentration of Na ⁺ ions, determined by titration, in filtered water for 60 cycles of using the device (filtrate volume 100 ml for each cycle), where 1.0 M NaCl solution (56 g/l) was used as the filtered solution. According to the studied dependence, the concentration of Na ⁺ is from 0.0004 to 0.0008 g/ml. In addition, the result of using the device is to obtain water purified from mechanical impurities. In FIG. Figure 7 shows the dependence of formative units (FMU) - an indicator characterizing the decrease in water transparency due to the presence of finely dispersed suspended particles - for filtered water on the cycle number. Drinking water is characterized by a turbidity of no more than 2.6 NMU. To carry out measurements using the device, a standard formazine suspension was filtered with 40 FNU for 60 cycles of using the device (the volume of the filtrate was 100 ml for each cycle) and the turbidity of the filtrate was determined by light scattering. According to the studied dependence, the turbidity of the filtrates lies in the range from 0.8 to 1.2 NMU.

Below is a description of the operation of a device for desalination and water purification based on selective poly(trimethylene-dicarboxylate).

It is necessary to fill the container 7 with water, which must be filtered and desalinated. Further, with the help of quick-detachable connections 8, a device for creating excess pressure without a connected cylinder 6 and a filter-desalter 9 are connected to the tank. Regulator 2 must be turned to the “closed” position. The gas bottle 6 is then connected to the gas bottle connection 13. The high pressure gauge 4 now indicates the pressure inside the bottle. Next, you need to set the overpressure value using the regulator 2, gradually opening it, while the displayed pressure value on the low pressure gauge 3 will begin to change and will correspond to the pressure created above the surface of the filtered water. For the presented design, it is recommended to set the overpressure value in the range of 0.5 - 1 bar. After the gas in the cylinder has run out, it is possible to create excess pressure using a mechanical pump 1.

Sources of information

Blandine Brissault, Agustin Rios de Anda, Jacques Penelle, Synthesis, Characterization, and Solid-State Properties of (CH₂-CH₂-C(COOH)₂)_n: A Highly Symmetrical, Semicrystalline Carbon-Chain Poly(carboxylic acid), Macromolecules 2020, 53, 15, 6204-6212.one.

Blandine Brissault, Agustin Rios de Anda, Jacques Penelle, Synthesis, Characterization, and Solid-State Properties of (CH ₂ -CH ₂ -C(COOH) ₂ ) _n : A Highly Symmetrical, Semicrystalline Carbon-Chain Poly(carboxylic acid), Macromolecules 2020, 53, 15, 6204-6212.

2. Jacques Penelle, Tao Xie, Synthesis, Characterization, and Thermal Properties of Poly(trimethylene-1,1-dicarboxylate) Polyelectrolytes, Macromolecules 2001, 34, 15, 5083-5089.

3. NohaElhalawany, ClaireNegrell, NicolasIlly, BlandineBrissault, JacquesPenelle, Preliminary investigations on a simple polyelectrolyte derived from (CH ₂ CH ₂ C(COOH) ₂ ) _n : Unexpected solubility-insolubility pattern controlled selectively by the nature of the alkali counterion, Polymer 2017 , 116, 515-522.

Claims (3)

1. A device for desalination and water purification, containing a desalination filter, including a carbon filter with a coarse filter and poly(trimethylene dicarboxylate) powder, located between two carbon fiber membranes, placed in a housing, a container with filtered water, a device to create excess pressure, made with the possibility of connecting a mechanical pump for creating excess pressure manually and a gas cylinder for creating excess pressure without the use of mechanical work, and all of these elements are connected by means of quick couplings. 2. The device according to claim. 1, characterized in that the device for creating excess pressure contains check valves. 3. The device according to claim. 1, characterized in that the device for creating excess pressure has a relief valve.

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