RU2771213C1 - Absorbing apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport engineering.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of transport engineering. The absorbing apparatus contains a housing (1) with a bottom (2) with narrow sides (3) and adjacent wide sides (4), as well as walls (5) connected to them, forming a neck (g) with an open end (6). Inside the neck (g) on the walls (5) connected to the narrow side (3) of the bottom (2), there are friction surfaces (f) with inserts of solid lubricant (7). In the housing (1), a reciprocating device (9) is placed, made of elastoplastic elements (8). The friction unit (10) consists of two spacer wedges (11) and a pressure wedge in contact with them (12). On the walls (5) mated to the bottom (2) through its narrow side (3), closer to the bottom (2), the edges mated to it (13) are made. The walls (5) of the housing (1), coupled to the bottom (2) through its narrow sides (3), are provided with thickened sections (14, 15). Some sections (14) are located within the dimensions of the wide side (4) of the bottom (2) and closer to the upper edge of the neck (g) along its open end (6), others (15) are closer to the middle part of the housing (1).EFFECT: increase in strength and a decrease in the weight of the body is achieved.8 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of transport engineering and relates to friction shock absorbers of vehicles, mainly draft gears installed between train cars.

A draft gear is known [1, Patent US6478173 B2, IPC B61G 9/10, priority 02/13/2001, published 11/12/2002], which contains a hexagonal housing, on the bottom of which a rod is installed, passed through a reciprocating device made in the form of an elastic polymer elements, in contact with which there is a friction assembly, consisting of a pressure wedge, spacer wedges and a base plate.

A large working stroke, the installation of a high reciprocating device and the use of a multi-wedge spacer unit make it possible to increase the energy intensity of such a draft gear. However, the friction assembly formed in analog [1] by three spacer wedges is difficult to manufacture, more susceptible to manufacturing errors, which leads to longer running-in, and also has an asymmetric distribution of spacer forces on the housing walls, which leads to its uneven wear, and as a result , decrease in reliability and stability of characteristics. Moreover, when the housing walls are worn out, the repair of the apparatus is possible only by the complete replacement of the expensive housing, and the acute angle between the longitudinal axis and the contact surfaces of the spacer wedges with the pressure wedge increases the risk of jamming of the draft gear at high working strokes with strong impacts.

The above-described disadvantages of the draft gear similar to [1] reduce its reliability, stability and technical and economic efficiency.

A more reliable draft gear is known [2, Patent US6488162 B1, IPC B61G 9/10, priority 19.07.2001, published 03.12.2002], adopted as a prototype, containing a housing with a bottom with narrow sides and adjacent wide sides, as well as containing conjugate walls forming a neck with an open end. Inside the neck, on the walls associated with the narrow side of the bottom, there are friction surfaces with solid lubricant inserts. In the housing along its longitudinal axis there is a reciprocating device made of resilient-elastic elements, as well as a friction assembly in contact with it. Such a friction unit consists of two spacer wedges and a pressure wedge in contact with them, while the spacer wedges are made to ensure contact with the said friction wedges. On the walls associated with the bottom through its narrow side and closer to it, ribs are made associated with it. The design of the body of this draft gear is more technologically advanced and less expensive compared to its counterpart [1].

However, due to the fact that the friction surfaces are made on the guide inserts, which are mounted in the pockets of the housing walls, the overall design of the draft gear becomes more complicated.

In addition, the design of its body is not optimal in terms of material consumption due to the fact that stresses of different magnitude occur in the walls of the body depending on its cross section, which varies along the height of the body.

Therefore, the objective of this invention is to simplify the design of the draft gear by achieving the possibility of creating its housing with relatively thin walls, as well as by reducing the weight of the housing while maintaining its dimensions and at the same time providing reinforcement of the design of the draft gear in its more loaded areas.

The task is achieved by the fact that the draft gear, containing a housing (1) with a bottom (2), having narrow sides (3) and wide sides (4) adjacent to them, as well as containing walls (5) conjugated with them, forming a neck (g ) with an open end (6), while inside the neck (g) on the walls (5) associated with the narrow side (3) of the bottom (2), friction surfaces (f) with solid lubricant inserts (7) are made, and in the housing (1) along its longitudinal axis (01) there is a reciprocating device (9) made of resilient-elastic elements (8), as well as a friction assembly (10) in contact with it, consisting of two spacer wedges (11) and a pressure wedge (12) in contact with them, while the spacer wedges (11) are made to ensure contact with the mentioned internal friction surfaces (f), and on the walls (5) associated with the bottom (2), closer to it through its narrow side (3), ribs (13) associated with it are made, has distinctive features: walls (5 ) of the body (1), conjugated with the bottom (2) through its narrow sides (3), are provided with thickened sections (14,15), one (14) of which is located within the dimensions of the wide side (4) of the bottom (2) of the body ( 1) and closer to the upper edge of the neck (g), along its open end (6), and the others (15) of which are located closer to the middle part of the body (1), while the friction surfaces (f) are made directly on the walls ( 5).

The execution of friction surfaces directly on the walls of the housing simplifies its design and draft gear, in contrast to the more complex implementation of the friction surfaces of the housing in the prototype [2], where the friction surfaces are made on guide inserts that are mounted in the pockets of the housing walls.

The introduction of such distinguishing features, in their totality, will make it possible to strengthen the walls of the housing in the places of the draft gear, where the greatest expansion forces on the walls of the housing occur.

Additional distinctive features of the invention, aimed at enhancing the above-mentioned advantages:

- said thickened sections (14, 15) are made in the form of ribs;

- said thickened sections (14,15) on the body (1) are located on the outer side of the walls (5);

- solid lubricant inserts (7) are located at an angle to the open end (6) of the neck (g);

- walls (5) of its body (1) associated with the bottom (2) through its wide sides (4) are made with a thickening towards the walls (5) associated with the bottom (2) through its narrow sides (3);

- on the body (1), in the places where the adjacent walls (5) meet, there are ledges (16) directed inside the neck (g), with the possibility of performing the function of guides for the movable elements of the draft gear;

- in the walls (5) of its body (1), at the points of transition of the friction surfaces (f) in them and in the direction of the bottom (2), samples (17) are formed, while the thickness of the walls (5) of the body (1) is made with decrease in the direction from the open end (6) of the neck (g) to its bottom (2);

- ribs (13) on the body (1) are inclined to the walls (5) connected to the bottom (2) through its wide side (4).

The essence of the invention is given on a specific example of execution and is illustrated by illustrations (Fig. 1-4), where in Fig. 1 shows a combined frontal section A-A of FIG. 3 of the draft gear along a plane of symmetry parallel to the wide side of the bottom, where the draft gear is shown on its left side in its initial state, and on the right side in a fully compressed state; in fig. 2 shows the draft gear in the left side view of FIG. one; in fig. 3 shows a view of the draft gear in the position when it is installed on the car coupler (not shown); in fig. 4 shows a section of the body of the draft gear along the plane of symmetry parallel to the wide side of the bottom in axonometric projection.

The draft gear comprises a housing (1) with a bottom (2) having narrow sides (3) and wide sides (4) adjacent to them. Walls (5) are associated with them, forming a neck (g) with an open end (6). Inside the neck (g) on the walls (5) associated with the narrow side (3) of the bottom (2), there are inclined friction surfaces (f) provided with solid lubricant inserts (7). These inserts are inclined towards the open end (6) of the neck (g). The inclined arrangement of the inserts (7) prevents them from falling out in the extreme positions of the wedges (11) during operation of the draft gear.

In the body (1) along its longitudinal axis (01) there is a reciprocating device (9) made of resilient-elastic elements (8). The body (1) also houses a friction assembly (10) in contact with the device (9), consisting of two spacer wedges (11) and a pressure wedge (12) in contact with them. The spacer wedges (11) are designed to contact said friction surfaces (f). On the walls (5) associated with the bottom (2) through its narrow side (3) closer to the bottom (2) there are ribs (13) associated with it to ensure the rigidity of the structure. At the same time, the above-mentioned ribs are located at an angle to the walls (5), conjugated with the bottom (2) through its wide side (4) and are close to them in the middle part of the body (1) in places where large spacer forces occur.

The walls (5) of the body (1) connected with the bottom (2) through its narrow sides (3) are provided with thickened sections (14,15), one (14) of which is located within the dimensions of the wide side (4) of the bottom (2 ) and closer to the upper edge of the neck (g) along its open end (6), and the others (15) of which are located closer to the middle part of the body (1). These thickenings reinforce the walls of the housing (1) in places where the greatest expansion forces occur.

To ensure manufacturability of the housing (1), the thickened sections (14,15) are made in the form of ribs. The thickened sections (14,15) on the body (1) are located on the outer side of its walls (5). This is due to the fact that on the inside of the walls (5) there is a neck (e), where a reciprocating device (9) with a friction assembly (10) is mounted.

The walls (5) associated with the bottom (2) through its wide sides (4) are made with a thickening towards the walls (5) associated with the bottom (2) through its narrow sides (3), which is associated with compensation of spacer forces in this direction.

Protrusions (16) are made on the body (1) in the places where the adjacent walls (5) are joined to each other, directed inside the neck (g), with the possibility of performing the function of guides for the movable elements of the draft gear.

In the walls (5) of its body (1), at the points of transition of the friction surfaces (f) in them and in the direction of the bottom (2), samples (17) are made, which eliminates the possibility of wedging of the spacer wedges (11) when returning them to their original position .

The wall thickness (5) of the body (1) is made with a decrease in the direction from the open end (6) of the neck (g) to its bottom (2), which coincides with a decrease in the expansion forces in this direction.

The principle of operation of the draft gear is based on the fact that when cars (not shown) collide, an external force (Q) arises (Fig. 1, the right half of the figure), which is applied to the pressure wedge (12), for example, from the side of the coupling device (not shown ). Therefore, the reciprocating device (9) is compressed. The pressure wedge (12) plunges into the housing (1), while the spacer wedges (11) are displaced with friction along the internal friction surfaces (f) towards the bottom (2).

When the external force (Q) ceases to act, the reciprocating device (9) is released, pushing the friction assembly (10) back to its original state.

The design of the draft gear described above makes it possible to increase the strength and reduce the weight of its body (1) while maintaining overall dimensions. Ultimately, the reliability of the draft gear increases and its cost decreases.

Information sources:

1. Patent US6478173 B2, IPC B61G 9/10, priority 02/13/2001, published 11/12/2002.

2. Patent US6488162 B1, IPC B61G 9/10, priority 19.07.2001, published 03.12.2002 /prototype/.

LIST of reference symbols and names of elements to which these symbols refer

Claims (8)

1. A draft gear comprising a housing (1) with a bottom (2) having narrow sides (3) and wide sides (4) adjacent to them, as well as containing walls (5) associated with them, forming a neck (g) with an open end (6), while inside the neck (g) on the walls (5) associated with the narrow side (3) of the bottom (2), friction surfaces (f) are made with solid lubricant inserts (7), and in the housing (1) along its longitudinal axis (O1) has a reciprocating device (9) made of elastic elements (8), as well as a friction assembly (10) in contact with it, consisting of two spacer wedges (11) and a pressure wedge (12) in contact with them. ), while the spacer wedges (11) are made to ensure contact with the mentioned internal friction surfaces (f), and on the walls (5) associated with the bottom (2), closer to it, through its narrow side (3), there are conjugated ribs (13) with it, characterized in that the walls (5) of the body (1) associated with the bottom (2) through its o narrow sides (3) are provided with thickened sections (14, 15), one (14) of which is located within the dimensions of the wide side (4) of the bottom (2) of the body (1) and closer to the upper edge of the neck (g), along its open end (6), and the others (15) of which are located closer to the middle part of the body (1), while the friction surfaces (f) are made directly on the walls (5). 2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that said thickened sections (14, 15) are made in the form of ribs. 3. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that said thickened sections (14, 15) on the body (1) are located on the outer side of the walls (5). 4. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the solid lubricant inserts (7) are inclined towards the open end (6) of the neck (g). 5. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the walls (5) of its body (1) associated with the bottom (2) through its wide sides (4) are made with a thickening towards the walls (5) associated with the bottom ( 2) through its narrow sides (3). 6. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that on the body (1), in the places where adjacent walls (5) meet, protrusions (16) are made, directed inside the neck (g), with the possibility of performing the function of guides for moving elements absorbing apparatus. 7. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that in the walls (5) of its body (1), at the points of transition of the friction surfaces (f) in them and in the direction of the bottom (2), samples (17) are formed, while the thickness walls (5) of the body (1) is made with a decrease in the direction from the open end (6) of the neck (g) to its bottom (2). 8. Apparatus according to any one of claims 1, 2, characterized in that the ribs (13) on the body (1) are inclined to the walls (5) associated with the bottom (2) through its wide side (4).

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