RU2769947C1 - Cryostorage of mammoth fauna - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: paleontology.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to paleontology and is intended for long-term storage of paleontological objects with preserved soft tissues found frozen in conditions close to natural, in specially equipped cryostorage facilities. Cryostorage of mammoth fauna includes aboveground and underground parts. The aboveground part of the cryostorage of mammoth fauna, in turn, consists of the main building and a reflective canopy, the underground part consists of a pit and an air duct network. The main building is constructed of a multi-layer building material consisting of at least three layers, with the outer layers made of rigid material and a layer of thermal insulation material between them. The thickness of the insulating material is at least 2 meters. The reflective canopy is made of reflective material and completely covers the main building from the radiation source, while leaving an air buffer between itself and the main building to reduce heating and flow ventilation. Flow ventilation of the reflective canopy is provided due to the presence of unopened openings in its walls in the lower part. The main building is equipped with a sluice gate, which is a sluice system consisting of three doors, a lattice and two sluice vestibules. The sluice gates are located in both end parts of the main building and are located as a through passage. The leaves of all three sluice doors open and close independently of each other. All three doors of the sluice gates are made of durable material and insulated. The first, external, sluice vestibule of the sluice gate has a length of at least 4 meters and is equipped with a forced cooling device. The second, internal, sluice vestibule of the sluice gates has a length of at least 4 meters and is cooled by compressors for freezers. All vestibules of the sluice gates are equipped with external temperature sensors. Freezing compressors are installed in the main building and in the event that the temperature in the interior of the main building 1 rises above minus 18 degrees Celsius, they must generate cold in the main building using control devices and instrumentation. The dimensions of the main building along the outer perimeter range from 300 square meters or more. The inner space of the main building is designed in such a way that, if necessary, it can be divided into separate rooms using collapsible structures. The width of the corridor between these separate rooms must be at least 4 meters. Inside the main building, there are also sealed chambers where a neutral gaseous atmosphere from nitrogen can be created. The walls, ceiling and partially floors of the main building are lined with slabs of ice with the addition of table salt in the ratio of 10 parts of water to 3 parts of table salt, enclosed in shells made of bioinert material. The joints between the ice slabs are glazed with water and snow. When stable low temperatures of the outside air are established, for example minus 20 degrees Celsius and below, the sluice gates 3 are blocked only by gratings, and the doors remain open. The underground part of the cryostorage of mammoth fauna consists of a pit and an air duct network. The pit is at least 4 meters deep and protrudes 3 meters beyond the outer perimeter of the main building. The bottom and walls of the pit are covered with underground heat-insulating material, reinforced with aluminum walls. The thickness of the underground heat-insulating material is not less than 1 meter. The pit is equipped with vertical cold casing and horizontal cold pipes. Vertical cold casing and horizontal cold pipe are connected to form a single duct network. After the creation of the air duct network, the foundation pit is filled with soil, which has a high heat capacity and is capable of storing cold. Vertical cold rooms casing strings run along the perimeter of the air duct network and in the middle, have exits to the surface along the outer wall of the main building and into its internal rooms. Vertical cold wells are equipped with shut-off covers to ensure the sealing of the air duct network. The outer parts of the vertical cold casing strings are additionally equipped with a removable heat-insulating product to regulate the air temperature inside the air duct network. To increase the heat capacity of the soil under the cryostorage of mammoth fauna, ice plates inside the main building and the adjacent soil to it can be salted with edible salt.

EFFECT: use of the proposed technical solution will increase the efficiency of storing paleontological objects in their natural form in the form of frozen mummies throughout the year, eliminate or minimize the risk of violation of the rules and conditions for storing paleontological objects, expand the possibilities for many types of scientific research, ensure sanitary and epidemiological safety, and reduce energy costs of cryostorage for mammoth fauna and will increase its autonomy.

1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to paleontology and is intended for long-term storage of paleontological objects with preserved soft tissues found frozen in conditions close to natural, in specially equipped cryostorages.

Cryogenic conservation minimally changes the state of conservation of paleontological objects compared to the state in which they have been for several tens of thousands of years in the permafrost. Cryogenic conservation and storage practically does not change the physical and biochemical conditions in which paleontological finds were found and changes their parameters to a minimal extent, which is extremely important for subsequent scientific study. For the first time, cryogenic conservation in relation to mammoths was proposed and tested on the example of the head and forelimb of the Yukagir mammoth (Protopopov A., Lazarev P., Savvinov G. Problems of conservations of mammoth fauna remains with soft tissues under cryogenic conditions // International Symposium on Yukagir Mammoth : Recent Advance in Yukagir Mammoth Researches - Nagakute (Japan), 2005. - P. 23). The experiment was deemed successful and continues.

The prior art means and methods for cryogenic storage of paleontological objects for a long time.

Known for the method of cryogenic storage of paleontological objects by freezing them and storing them in freezer containers and chambers. The usual storage temperature is minus 15 minus 25 degrees Celsius. The refrigerant gas is usually freon. The body of freezers is usually made of sandwich panels with heat-insulating material to maintain low temperature conditions inside. Currently, such freezers store paleontological finds in several scientific institutions in Russia, in Moscow, St. Petersburg and Yakutsk. The disadvantages of such freezers and chambers are high energy consumption during the warm period and dependence on a stable power supply, small internal volume, high risk of technical breakdowns leading to rapid defrosting of paleontological objects, as well as the impossibility of ensuring sanitary and quarantine storage. Another serious drawback of freezers is that during the evaporation of the refrigerant in the interior of the freezer, air humidity decreases and cryogenic sublimation of biological objects stored there occurs. If in the case of food products stored for several months sublimation is tolerable, then for paleontological objects, the shelf life of which is calculated in years or even decades, this state of affairs is unacceptable.

The next well-known method, characteristic of Yakutia and regions with developed permafrost, is underground glaciers - "buluus". In such underground heat-insulated storage facilities, biological objects that require cryogenic storage are stored during the warm period. The low-temperature effect of permafrost is used here. As cold accumulators in such glaciers, lake ice is used, which is harvested in winter. Permafrost temperature minus three minus five Celsius. The disadvantage of this method is the relatively high temperature of such cryogenic storage - not suitable for long-term storage of paleontological objects with soft tissues. This often leads to the damage of storage objects by mold, which leads to a decrease in the aesthetic perception of the appearance and can become an obstacle in organizing foreign exhibitions, since in many countries the presence of mold is an argument for prohibiting the import of an object into their territory. Cryophilic molds are described, the optimal temperature of which is in the range of minus 5 minus 8 degrees Celsius (Gaudet D. Effect of temperature on pathogenicity of sclerotial and non sclerotial isolates of Coprinus psychromorbidus under controlled conditions // Canadian Journal Plant Pathology. 8., 1986. P. 394-399).

The invention "Storage for food with cold storage" (patent RU No. 249539, F25D 3/02, Е04Н 7/00) is known, which includes an underground storage for cold accumulation, in which a container is mounted for a liquid that accumulates cold and a gravitational heat pipe for cooling it. .

The disadvantage of this solution in comparison with the proposed solution is the high operating costs, high environmental threat of pollution of permafrost soils, the protection of which is regulated by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

Closest to the claimed method is a method of cooling underground structures in an array of permafrost rocks and a device for its implementation (patent RU No. 2621912, C2 F25D 1/00) including the accumulation of cold in the upper part of the array of frozen soils in winter by means of a seasonally operating air cooling device . A device for year-round cooling of underground structures in a permafrost massif includes two independent air cooling devices, each of which includes at least one horizontal cooling pipe in the ground and at least two vertically oriented pipes that protrude above the earth's surface. Internal volumes of vertical and horizontal pipes are connected.

The disadvantage of this solution is high energy costs, low reliability of the structure due to thawing of permafrost soils, low level of sanitary and epidemiological safety, the inability to provide the conditions necessary for long-term storage and study of paleontological objects.

The above methods are aimed only at cryogenic storage of biological objects and are used only for economic purposes, and therefore are not suitable for long-term storage and study of paleontological finds.

Direct analogues and prototype of the proposed technical solution has not been identified.

The objective of the present invention is to create a cryostorage of mammoth fauna intended for long-term storage of paleontological objects with preserved soft tissues found in the form of frozen mummies, under low-temperature conditions, with the possibility of providing partial storage in an oxygen-free environment, with air humidity that excludes sublimation of paleontological objects, as well as allowing for research work.

The proposed method of storing paleontological objects in a specially designed cryostorage is the most energy efficient way for long-term storage with the suspension of decay processes caused by aerobic bacteria. The optimum temperature for cryogenic preservation is a negative temperature in the range - 18° - -25°C. During cryogenic conservation, the humidity regime must be observed - 60-70%. To slow down the processes of sublimation and storage of winter cold, cold accumulators in the form of ice blocks are used. This mode of cryogenic storage slows down the mummification processes by several orders of magnitude.

The technical result of using the proposed technical solution is:

- increasing the efficiency of storing paleontological objects in their natural form in the form of frozen mummies throughout the year due to low temperatures and humidity, and, if necessary, creating an oxygen-free environment based on gaseous nitrogen, which stops the processes of sublimation, decay and oxidation of frozen mummies;

- creation of a multifunctional research site that eliminates or minimizes the risk of violating the rules and conditions for storing paleontological objects;

- expanding the possibilities of conducting many types of scientific research, for example, tomographic studies of the internal organs of large animals after a long period of storage, due to the preservation of paleontological objects for a long period in conditions close to natural;

- ensuring sanitary and epidemiological safety aimed at creating acceptable conditions for preliminary inspection and sanitary and quarantine storage of paleontological objects for the period of microbiological analysis;

- reducing the energy costs of the cryostorage and increasing its autonomy.

The task and the technical result are achieved by the fact that the mammoth fauna cryostorage includes a reflective canopy, the main cryostorage building, divided by collapsible structures into separate rooms, some of which are gas-tight chambers, equipped with lock gates, compressors for freezing, as well as an underground heat-insulating material, vertical and horizontal cold casing strings.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

In FIG. 1 shows a general view of the cryostorage of the mammoth fauna, in Fig. 2 shows the underground part of the cryostorage of the mammoth fauna - side view, in Fig. 3 underground part of the mammoth fauna cryo-storage - top view, where:

1 - the main building of the cryostorage;

2 - reflective canopy;

3 - sluice gates;

4 - compressors for freezing;

5 - underground heat-insulating material;

6 - vertical cold casing strings;

7 - horizontal cold lines.

The cryostorage of mammoth fauna includes above-ground and underground parts.

The above-ground part of the mammoth fauna cryostorage, in turn, consists of the main building 1 and a reflective canopy 2.

The main building 1 is constructed from a multi-layer building material, consisting of at least three layers, while the outer layers are made of rigid material and a layer of heat-insulating material between them. The thickness of the thermal insulation material is at least 2 meters.

The reflective canopy 2, depending on the functional need, can be made in the form of an arched, straight-walled, polygonal, tent or other structure, as well as framed or frameless. The reflective canopy 2, in order to reflect light (or other radiation) and reduce the heating of the main building 1, is made of reflective material and completely covers the main building 1 from the radiation source, while leaving an air buffer between itself and the main building 1 to reduce heat and flow ventilation. Flowing ventilation of the reflective canopy 2 is ensured by the presence of non-open openings in its walls in the lower part.

The main building 1 is equipped with a sluice gate 3, which is a sluice system consisting of three doors, a lattice and two sluice vestibules. Sluice gates 3 are located in both end parts of the main building 1 and are arranged as a through passage. The width of the sluice gate 3 is not less than 3.5 meters.

The wings of all three doors of the sluice gate 3 open and close independently of each other. The floor of sluice gate 3 is smooth without thresholds. Sluice gate wings 3 can additionally be equipped with doors with a width of at least 100 cm. The thickness of the sluice gate doors 3 is at least 80 cm. All three doors of the sluice gate 3 are made of durable material and insulated. The first, outer lock vestibule of lock gate 3 has a length of at least 4 meters and is equipped with a forced cooling device. The second, internal lock vestibule of lock gate 3, has a length of at least 4 meters, and is cooled by compressors for freezers. All vestibules of sluice gates 3 are equipped with remote temperature sensors.

Freezing compressors 4 are installed in the main building 1 and in the event of an increase in the temperature in the interior of the main building 1 above minus 18 degrees Celsius, they must, using control devices and instrumentation, generate cold in the main building 1. Freezing compressors 4 are designed to to ensure stable maintenance of the required temperature as one of the declared conditions for the storage of paleontological objects.

The dimensions of the main building 1 along the outer perimeter can vary from 300 square meters or more. The internal space of the main building 1 is designed in such a way that, if necessary, it can be divided into separate rooms using collapsible structures, for example, partitions or tents, which will effectively carry out sanitary-epidemiological and research work on paleontological objects separately . The width of the corridor between these separate rooms must be at least 4 meters. Placement and number of individual rooms is variable. Inside the main building 1 there are also sealed chambers where a neutral gas atmosphere can be created from nitrogen. These hermetic chambers are designed for long-term storage of paleontological objects with special scientific value and (or) high bacteriological hazard.

The walls, ceiling and partly the floors of the main building 1, to accumulate cold and increase humidity, are lined with ice slabs enclosed in shells of bioinert material. If necessary, the number of ice slabs and their configuration varies. The seams between the ice slabs are glazed with water and snow. Ice slabs are made by freezing water in containers using natural cold or artificial cold generating devices. To increase the effect of cold accumulation during ice freezing, table salt will be added to the water in the ratio of 10 parts of water to 3 parts of table salt.

When stable low outdoor temperatures are established, for example, minus 20 degrees Celsius and below, the sluice gates 3 are blocked only by gratings, and the doors remain open. Thus, equipping the sluice gates 3 and their through passage with a grate makes it possible to balance the temperature of the interior of the main building 1 with the outside temperature and freeze the soil under the mammoth fauna cryostorage through cold wells and a pipe system.

The underground part of the mammoth fauna cryo-storage consists of a pit and an air duct network.

Frozen soil under the mammoth fauna cryo-storage, in addition to compressors for freezing 4, is one of the Cold accumulators. Due to the fact that permafrost has a temperature of minus 3 to 5 degrees Celsius, one of the tasks for freezing the soil under the cryogenic storage of mammoth fauna, and adjacent to it, is the thermal insulation of these soils from the “warm” permafrost.

To solve the problem of freezing the soil before the installation of the main building 1 of the cryostorage of the mammoth fauna, a pit is dug at least 4 meters deep and 3 meters protruding beyond the outer perimeter of the main building 1. The bottom and walls of the pit are covered with underground heat-insulating material 5, for example, with stitched mats made of basalt or polystyrene sheets reinforced with aluminum walls. The thickness of the underground heat-insulating material 5 is not less than 1 meter.

Pipes forming vertical cold casing strings 6 are vertically lowered to the entire depth of the excavation and horizontal pipes forming horizontal cold pipes 7 are laid. Vertical cold casing strings 6 and horizontal cold pipes 7 are connected into one air duct network. After creating an air duct network, the pit is covered with soil that has a high heat capacity and is able to store cold, for example, clay. Vertical cold casing strings 6 run along the perimeter of the air duct network and in the middle, having exits to the surface along the outer wall of the main building 1 and into its interior. Vertical cold wells 6 are equipped with shut-off covers to ensure the sealing of the air duct network. The outer parts of the vertical cold casing strings 6 are additionally equipped with a removable heat-insulating product for regulating the air temperature inside the air duct network. When stable low temperatures of the outside air are established, for example, minus 20 degrees Celsius and below, the shut-off covers of the vertical cold casing strings 6 open and allow outside air into the air duct network, which freezes the soil under the main building 1.

To increase the heat capacity of the soil under the cryo-storage of the mammoth fauna, and hence its properties as a cold accumulator, ice slabs inside the main building 1 and the adjacent soil to it can be salted with edible salt.

The use of the proposed technical solution will increase the efficiency of storing paleontological objects in their natural form in the form of frozen mummies throughout the year, create a multifunctional research site that eliminates or minimizes the risk of violating the rules and conditions for storing paleontological objects, expands the possibilities for conducting many types of scientific research, and provides sanitary and epidemiological safety, reduce the energy costs of the cryo-storage for the mammoth fauna and increase its autonomy.

Claims (1)

Cryostorage of mammoth fauna, consisting of above-ground and underground parts, while the above-ground part, in turn, consists of the main building and a reflective canopy, and the underground part consists of a pit and an air duct network, the main building is constructed from a multilayer building material consisting of at least three layers , in turn, the outer layers are made of a rigid material and a layer of heat-insulating material between them, the thickness of the heat-insulating material is at least 2 meters, in turn, the reflective canopy is made of reflective material and completely covers the main building from the radiation source, while leaving between them and the main building is an air buffer to reduce heating and flow ventilation, which is ensured by the presence of unopened openings in its walls in the lower part, the main building is equipped with lock gates, which are a lock system consisting of three doors, a lattice and two lock vestibules, at the same time, the sluice gates are located in both end parts of the main building and are arranged as a through passage, all three doors of the sluice gates are made of durable material and are insulated, and also open and close independently of each other, while the floor of the sluice gates is smooth, without thresholds, the first, outer, lock vestibule of the lock gate has a length of at least 4 meters and is equipped with a forced cooling device, the second, inner, lock vestibule of the lock gate has a length of at least 4 meters and is equipped with compressors for freezing chambers, while all lock gate vestibules are equipped with remote temperature sensors , compressors for freezing are installed in the main building and, in the event of an increase in the temperature in the interior of the main building above minus 18 degrees Celsius, using control devices and instrumentation, they generate cold in the main building, the dimensions of the main building along the outer perimeter vary from 300 square meters or more the interior space of the main building is designed in such a way that, if necessary, it can be divided into separate rooms using prefabricated structures, the width of the corridor between these separate rooms is at least 4 meters, the main building has sealed chambers with the ability to create a neutral gas atmosphere from nitrogen, the walls, ceiling and partly the floors of the main building are lined with ice slabs with the addition of table salt in the ratio of 10 parts of water to 3 parts of salt, enclosed in shells of bioinert material, while the seams between the ice slabs are glazed with water and snow, when installed at stable low temperatures of the outside air, the sluice gates are blocked only by bars, and the doors remain open to freeze the soil under the cryo-storage of the mammoth fauna, the pit of the underground part has a depth of at least 4 meters and protrudes 3 meters beyond the outer perimeter of the main building, the bottom and walls of the pit are covered with underground heat-insulating material, reinforced with aluminum walls, while the thickness of the underground heat-insulating material is not less than 1 meter, the underground part is equipped with vertical pipes forming vertical cold casing strings, and horizontal pipes forming horizontal cold pipes connected to one air duct network, vertical cold casing strings are located along the perimeter of the air duct network and in the middle have exits to the surface along the outer wall of the main building and into its interior, vertical cold wells are equipped with shut-off covers to ensure air tightness of the air duct network, the outer parts of the vertical cold casing strings are additionally equipped with a removable heat-insulating product for regulation air temperature inside the air duct network, the pit is filled with soil having a high heat capacity and capable of storing cold, to increase the heat capacity of the soil under the cryostorage, additionally The ice slabs inside the main building and the adjacent soil can be salted with table salt.

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