RU2769737C1 - Method of strip chemical treatment of tilled crops - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to plant growing. Method consists in spraying working solution through adapters with spray cones of 65–80 degrees, located above row spacings. Method also consists in installation of paired one-sided adapters with directed spray cones in opposite directions from each other and with possibility of changing the distance between them. Each of the paired one-sided adapters is arranged with the arrangement of their axial lines of the spray cones at angle of 45 degrees relative to the line of their installation, and which provide spraying in zone of external outline of projection of row of plants on soil. Spraying distance is determined by the size of the processed strip taking into account the permissible transverse oscillation of the sprayer movement.

EFFECT: higher efficiency of application of liquid agents due to redistribution of working solutions in strips, taking into account the width of the row spacings and the phase of development of the grown crop.

1 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the technology of introducing liquid chemicals - liquid mineral fertilizers, pesticides, plant growth regulators, etc., and, in particular, can be used in the cultivation of row crops.

A known method of chemical treatment of plants (see AS 325956, A01M 7/00, 06/30/1969). In the known method, the spraying of a liquid preparation is carried out over the aisles of plants, and then this preparation is simultaneously blown through the rows of plants with an air stream.

The disadvantage of this method is that when plants are treated in open space, environmental pollution and inefficiency in the use of drugs occur.

Also known is a method of chemical treatment of plants, including the simultaneous spraying of drugs isolated from each other shelters above the rows and between the rows of plants. To cover the entire surface of the stems and leaves on both sides, when spraying preparations under shelters over rows of plants, a turbulent-vortex movement is created (AS 286727, 02.11.1972, bull. No. 6).

The disadvantage of this method is the narrow specialization and the need for a complex device in the form of a tunnel shelter to the sprayers.

Also known is a method of chemical treatment of row crops, including spraying the working solution over the rows of plants and inside the rows due to the additional suspension of the DroplegUL sprayer rod in the form of a downtube with a cut-off device on the pipeline (Spraying from A to Z, 3rd edition "Theory and Practice spraying". 09/18 RU/RU 4.000).

The disadvantage of this method is the need to re-equip the sprayer with additional inter-row devices of the lower side spray, taking into account the height of the plants.

The closest is the method of strip chemical treatment of plants, which includes spraying the working solution through adapters with side nozzles located above the row spacing and with spray cones oriented 65-80 degrees towards each other, while the intersection angle between their upper edges is less than 180 degrees, and the lower edges are in the zone of the outline of the projection of a number of plants on the soil (RF patent No. 2709762, 12/19/2019. Bull. No. 35).

The disadvantage of this method is the decrease in the agrotechnological efficiency of the sprayer when treating plants with different row spacing and impact band sizes, taking into account the development phase of the treated crop.

The task is to develop a method for strip chemical treatment of tilled crops, which makes it possible to regulate the coverage area with a working solution along strips with different row spacing and when changing its width, taking into account the development phase of the cultivated crop.

The technical result is an increase in the efficiency of applying liquid agents due to the redistribution of working solutions along the strips, taking into account the width of the row spacing and the phase of development of the cultivated crop.

The technical result is achieved by a method of strip chemical treatment of row crops, including spraying the working solution through adapters with spray cones of 65-80 degrees located above the row spacing, characterized in that paired one-sided adapters with directed spray cones are installed in opposite directions from each other and with the possibility of change the distance between them, each of the paired one-sided adapters is placed with the location of their axial lines of spray cones at an angle of 45 degrees relative to the line of their establishment, and which provide spray in the zone of the outer outline of the projection of a row of plants on the soil, the spray distance is determined by the size of the treated strip, taking into account the permissible transverse fluctuations in the movement of the sprayer.

The invention is explained: FIG. 1 - technological scheme of strip spraying with permanent fastening of adapters (according to RF patent No. 2709762); fig. 2 - technological scheme of strip spraying with movable adapters; fig. 3 - scheme of strip spraying with movable adapters in the phase of tomato fruit formation; fig. 4 - scheme of strip spraying with movable adapters in the phase of vegetative growth of tomatoes.

To increase the efficiency of the use of liquid agents, a method has been developed for strip chemical treatment of tilled crops, which ensures the redistribution of the working solution over the strips, taking into account the width of the row spacing and the phase of development of the cultivated crop. For precise redistribution from the aisle to the strip with plants and coverage of the entire surface of the foliage and stem, side nozzles are sprayed, located above the aisles and with spray cones oriented 65-80 degrees (Fig. 1) towards each other.

For this purpose (Fig. 2, 3 and 4) paired one-sided adapters with directed spray cones are installed in opposite directions from each other and with the possibility of changing the distance between them, each of the paired one-sided adapters is placed with the location of their axial lines of the spray cones at an angle of 45 degrees relative to the line of their establishment, and which provide spraying in the zone of the outer contour of the projection of a row of plants on the soil, the spraying distance is determined by the size of the treated strip, taking into account the permissible transverse fluctuations in the movement of the sprayer. The technical effect is achieved by redistribution of the working solution from the aisle to the object of influence, located along the strips, and providing the possibility of regulating the coverage area with the working solution along the strips with different aisles when changing its width, taking into account the phase of development of the cultivated crop.

Examples of specific implementation.

Example 1

Chemical treatment of crops of tilled crops by leaf (means of protection of plants, liquid complex fertilizers) was carried out in strips on the example of tomatoes with a row spacing of 1.4 meters and a row width in the tape of 0.4 m.

The use of the spraying method according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2709762 (see Fig. 1), with a set boom height of 700 mm and nozzles of 80 degrees, makes it possible to redistribute 11.4% of the working solution from the uncultivated aisle zone to the treated one. Thus, increasing the rate of application to the object of influence - 12.9%.

Execution example 2

The use of the proposed method of strip chemical treatment in the development phase of a cultivated crop identical to RF patent No. 2709762 (see Fig. 2), with a set rod height of 700 mm and nozzles of 80 degrees, allows you to redistribute 32.1% of the working solution from the untreated zone between the rows to the treated . Thus, increasing the rate of application to the object of influence - 47.4%.

Execution example 3

The use of the proposed method of strip chemical treatment in the phase of the formation of tomato fruits (see Fig. 3), with a set height of the rod at 700 mm and nozzles of 80 degrees, allows you to redistribute 39.3% of the working solution from the untreated zone between the rows to the treated one. Thus, increasing the rate of application to the object of influence - 64.7%.

Execution example 4

The use of the proposed method of strip chemical treatment in the phase of vegetative growth of tomatoes, with a set height of the rod at 700 mm and nozzles of 80 degrees, allows you to redistribute 53.6% of the working solution from the untreated zone between the rows to the treated one. Thus, increasing the rate of application to the object of influence - 115.4%.

Thus, using the proposed method of strip chemical treatment of row crops, a technical result is achieved, which consists in reducing the cost of applying liquid chemicals to plants by redistributing working solutions over strips with different row spacing when changing its width, taking into account the phase of development of the cultivated crop.

Claims (1)

A method for strip chemical treatment of row crops, including spraying the working solution through adapters with spray cones of 65-80 degrees located above the row spacing, characterized in that paired one-sided adapters with directed spray cones are installed in opposite directions from each other and with the possibility of changing the distance between them , each of the paired one-sided adapters is placed with the location of their axial lines of the spray cones at an angle of 45 degrees relative to the line of their establishment, and which provide spray in the zone of the outer outline of the projection of a row of plants on the soil, the spray distance is determined by the size of the treated strip, taking into account the allowable lateral fluctuations in the movement of the sprayer .

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