RU2769472C1 - Method for planting, growing crops and selective felling with the harvesting of assortments by machines on artificially renewable forest areas - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: reforestation and logging technologies.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to reforestation and logging technologies and can be used in forestry and forest industry when planting and growing crops, and when carrying out selective felling and thinning of forests on artificially renewable areas. The method includes planting, providing for the alternation of narrow strips with in-line placement of forest crops in each of them and the row spacing between them with a width that allows the movement and operation of the felling-lopping-bucking machine with the preparation of assortments, by grabbing side delimbing knives and pulling rollers and sawing the tree. Planting is carried out with a shift of crops in each, for example, an even row relative to an odd one by a length equal to half the distance between the trees, ensuring the placement of trees in a checkerboard pattern. After sawing, the tree is lifted vertically by the VPM manipulator, tilted with its top into the gap between the trunks of the adjacent row until the crowns touch, delimbing and bucking the whip into assortments, which are stacked in piles for their subsequent collection, loading and skidding to the loading point by a forwarder.

EFFECT: minimization of damage caused to trees left for growing, when performing selective felling and thinning with harvesting of assortments in artificially renewable forest areas.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to technologies for reforestation and logging, and can be used in forestry and the forest industry when planting and growing crops, and when carrying out selective felling and thinning of forests on artificially renewable areas.

Known methods of planting crops provide for the alternation of lanes with in-line placement of forest crops and row spacing between them, in which it is difficult, and in some cases impossible without causing significant damage to the trees left for growing, the use of machines during selective felling and felling for forest care due to close distances between trees [1, 2].

There is a known method of planting crops in apiaries, in which the sowing of granulated seeds is carried out in a multi-row narrow-line method with a width of the sowing grooves or holes of 5–15 cm by means of wide-cut multi-row pneumatic devices moving over the stumps with a total capture width

D \u003d A + B - C,

where A is the width of the skid trail (3.0-6.0 m); B - the width of the apiary (20-30 m); C is the row spacing of the created crops (3.0-6.0 m, i.e. more than the width of the tractor) [3].

The disadvantages of these methods is that crops are placed in them at the intersection points of the axial lines of the longitudinal rows with the axial lines of the transverse rows of future trees perpendicular to them, which eliminates the “chessboard” planting method and predisposes the crowns to close contact not only in rows, but also in strips. spacing.

There is a known method of harvesting assortments, which is performed on trees standing in a row to be cut, and is carried out sequentially, starting from trees located closer to the axis of the portage [4]. The method of harvesting assortments includes cutting the branches of a tree from the bottom upwards, and then cutting the assortments from top to bottom along the trunk to its butt with a gripping-cutting device of a manipulator machine. When cutting assortments, the gripping-cutting device is lowered down with measuring the length of the assortment, after measuring the length, the assortment is cut, and then the blank cycle is repeated until the gripping-cutting device is lowered to the ground; .

The disadvantages of this method are: damage to the crowns of trees left for growing; low quality of cutting a tree trunk into assortments, because there remains an unmeasured butt assortment; increasing the processing cycle time for each tree due to the need to lay each cut assortment on the surface.

There is a known method of harvesting assortments, which ensures the preservation of undergrowth with the placement of a portage in the middle of the apiary, with the arrival of a felling-lopping-buckering machine (VSRM) on the floor of the apiary, with an auxiliary corridor and an impromptu portage [5]. When placing the portage in the middle of the apiary, both floors of the apiary are developed simultaneously with the portage. Trees are cut down, and fall in a direction perpendicular to the drag. The width of the apiary with this technology is two departures of the BCRM manipulator.

This method does not ensure the safety of the forest stand left for growing on the opposite side of the row-spacing with a width not exceeding the height of the forest stand, due to its damage by the top of the felled tree in the direction perpendicular to the axis of the portage.

The disadvantages of these methods is that they cannot be used when working in plantings involving the placement of trees in rows with close contact of the crowns in each lane along the edges of the row spacing forming the portage.

The technical solution closest to the claimed invention is a method of harvesting assortments by a manipulator-type machine with the preservation of young animals [6]. SUBSTANCE: method includes felling trees with their tops on the portage without landing the butt part, transferring the butt part by the manipulator of the machine to the place of bucking and stacking assortments at the border of the portage, trimming the branches with placement of the top parts after trimming crosswise and butts in opposite directions in the zone of the portage, crosscutting with the placement of assortments in packs at different angles and at an angle above each other.

This method does not provide, when developing apiaries in plantings that provide for in-line, close to each other, with close contact of crowns, the placement of trees in each lane along the edges of wide row-spacings forming portage, a selection of trees to be felled, and the safety of trees left for growing .

EFFECT: minimization of damage caused to trees left for growing when performing selective cuttings and thinnings with harvesting assortments in artificially renewable forest areas.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the method of planting, growing crops and selective felling with the harvesting of assortments by machines on artificially renewable forest areas, including planting, providing for the alternation of narrow strips with row placement of forest crops in each of them and row spacing between them with a width that allows movement and operation of the VSPM with the harvesting of assortments, by grabbing with side delimbing knives and pulling rollers and cutting down a tree, according to the invention, planting is carried out with a shift of crops in each, for example, an even row with respect to an odd one by a length equal to half the distance between the trees, providing placement trees in a checkerboard pattern, after cutting, the tree is lifted vertically by the BCRM manipulator, tilted with its top into the gap between the trunks of the adjacent row until the crowns touch, the branches are trimmed and the whip is bucked into assortments, which are stacked in piles for their subsequent collection a, loading and skidding to the loading point by a forwarder.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows a diagram of cutting, lifting, tilting, delimbing and bucking the whip, without significant damage left for growing neighboring trees. Figure 2 shows the layout of trees when planting with an offset of l _d /2, for example, in even rows relative to odd and laying assortments in packs.

Selective felling and thinning with harvesting of assortments is carried out as follows.

Processing of apiary 1 can start from any end (near or far from the loading point). Felling-lopping-bucking machine (VSRM) 2, moving along the axis of the row-spacing, stops in front of the tree 3, intended for felling, located on the left or right, the crown of which has close contact with the crowns 4, left for growing trees, manipulating, brings felling-delimbing - bucking head 5 to the tree, captures its butt part with lateral delimbing knives and pulling rollers, creates an tension force upwards, cuts, lifts the cut tree in a vertical position, tilts it with a manipulator 6 in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the row, releasing the crown from contact, cuts branches and bucking of the whip at its inclined position, the resulting assortments 7 are stacked in piles for their subsequent collection, loading and hauling to the loading point. The forwarder moves in reverse deep into the apiary for a distance that ensures the collection of a fully loaded pack of assortments, followed by forward travel, during which the collection, loading and hauling of the assortments to the logging station takes place.

Thus, the claimed in-line method of planting, selective felling and thinning by machines ensures the exclusion of any mechanical damage to the trunks after selective felling, which are left for growing trees and creating favorable growth conditions for them.

Information sources:

1. On the need to create educational and experimental hospitals for the development and implementation of intensive technologies for forest growing and training of forestry specialists / E.M. Romanov, Yu.P. Demakov, T.V. Nureeva, P.V. Zabolotskikh // Bulletin of the Volga State Technological University. Ser.: Forest. Ecology. Nature management. 2020. No. 2 (46). pp.5-26. DOI:https:doi.org/10.25686/2306-2827/2020.2.5.

2. Demakov Yu. P., Nureeva T. V., Puryaev A. S., Ryzhkov A. A. Patterns of tree stand development in Scots pine cultures of different initial density // Bulletin of the Volga State Technological University. Ser.: Forest. Ecology. Nature management. 2016. No. 4 (32). pp. 19–33. DOI: 10.15350/2306-2827.2016.4.19.

3. Pat. 2019086 Russian Federation, IPC A 01 G 23/00. The method of creating forest plantations in narrow forest clearings / N. I. Russkikh; applicant and patent holder Kirov State Zonal Machine Testing Station. - No. 4921733/15; dec. 03/25/1991; publ. 09/15/1994.

4. RF patent No. 2343693. The method of harvesting assortments and the working body of the machine for its implementation / Mazurkin P.M., Ivanova N.S. // Mari State Technical University, Yoshkar-Ola - Claimed 2007.05.11, Published 2009.01.20.

5. Cut-to-length logging: Proc. allowance./ Azarenok V.A., Hertz E.F., Mekhrentsev A.V. // Ural. State. Lesotech. Acad., Ekaterinburg, 1999. - 134 p.

6. Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2467559. Method for harvesting assortments by a manipulator-type machine with the preservation of young stock / Yakimovich S.B., Gruzdev V.V., Sviridenkov A.N., Teterina M.A., Minai A.Ya., Stolyarov A.M. // Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education "Povolzhsky State University", Yoshkar-Ola - Stated 2011.06.20, Published 2012.11.27.

Claims (1)

A method for planting, growing crops and selective felling with harvesting of assortments by machines on artificially renewable forest areas, including planting, providing for the alternation of narrow strips with row placement of forest crops in each of them and row spacing between them with a width that allows the movement and work of VSRM with harvesting assortments, by grabbing side delimbing knives and pulling rollers and sawing down a tree, characterized in that planting is carried out with a shift of crops in each, for example, an even row relative to an odd one by a length equal to half the distance between the trees, ensuring the placement of trees in a checkerboard pattern, after sawing, the tree is lifted vertically by the BCRM manipulator, tilted with its top into the gap between the trunks of the adjacent row until the crowns touch, delimbing and bucking the whip into assortments, which are stacked in piles for their subsequent collection, loading and hauling to the loading point forwarder.

Images