RU2767578C1 - Individual self-contained utilizer of organic wastes - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: removal and processing of solid wastes.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of heat engineering, concerns the complex utilization of various combustible organic wastes, mainly solid domestic and industrial, and can be used on private facilities (low- and high-rise housing construction), as well as at facilities of almost all industries associated with formation of combustible organic wastes. Individual self-contained utilizer of organic wastes contains a reactor in the form of a cylinder, having in the lower part a grate, a fan, a chimney. Reactor, made in the form of a cylinder, has a narrowing lower part, with a pull-out box located under it for the ash discharge and initial ignition, the narrowing part of the reactor has holes for air supply from the fan, loading device in the form of a cover is located in the upper part of the reactor, a heat recovery unit is located on the outer surface of the chimney and has a branch pipe for supplying water and heated water discharge branch pipe, hazardous substances recovery unit is located in upper part of chimney and heat recovery unit and includes pure water supply branch pipe and contaminated water discharge branch pipe.

EFFECT: utilization of combustible organic wastes with utilization of heat of exhaust gases and their cleaning from harmful impurities.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of thermal power engineering, for the complex disposal of various organic wastes, mainly solid domestic and industrial ones, and can be applied at private facilities (low and multi-storey housing construction), as well as at facilities of almost all industries associated with the formation of combustible waste.

An automated mobile complex for thermal disposal of solid waste is known (RF patent No. 2456506, publ. 07.20.2012, IPC F23G 55/24), containing a shaft furnace installed vertically in the working position, and modules for grinding solid waste, steam generator, briquetting, cleaning and cooling of combustible gas, a gas-diesel generator set (GDGU), fuel and water tanks, an oxygen station, located on transport platforms, and a shaft furnace is mounted on a separate transport platform with the possibility of moving it from a horizontal position during transportation to a vertical position upon arrival at the place of solids processing waste.

The disadvantages of this automated mobile complex are:

- high cost of the system;

- a large number of auxiliary systems that reduce the reliability and performance of the system;

- high fire and explosion hazard, as well as an increase in capital costs due to the need for a tank with liquid fuel to start the installation;

- large weight and size indicators and the need for a truck for transportation;

- the need for energy supply for the operation of the waste shredding module;

- the need for additional loading devices for loading crushed waste due to the inconvenient location of the hatch.

The prototype of the invention is the invention (RF patent No. 2292515, publ. 27.01.2007, IPC F23G 5/00) "Method of urban waste disposal and a device that provides it." The device for utilization of urban waste contains a reactor with an external heat-insulated casing, a perforated loading drum with a drive placed in the reactor, in which the main screw is located in the internal loading volume, rigidly connected on one side with the drive, and on the other side with the drum. The outer surfaces of the main screw and the loading drum form a space between the inner surface of the reactor and the drum, in which the screw is rigidly located (on the drum). The reactor is made with gas exhaust channels located along the reactor, on the one hand connected with the internal volume of the reactor from the side of the screw installation, and on the other hand with a chimney, with burners installed in the reactor from the side of the loading drum, with a loading device and air ducts. The loading device is made in the form of two rotary semi-containers, the walls of which, together with the waste loaded into them, constantly block the opening into the reactor when the semi-containers are rotated during the loading of waste into the opening, roller bearings are installed on the inner surface of the reactor, which are in contact with the outer surfaces of the main screw and loading drum, the screw on the outer surface of the loading drum forms an opposite direction with respect to the main screw, and in the chimney (we have a chimney) a centrifugal fan is mounted, which is connected by a suction pipe to the air volume formed by the outer surfaces of the reactor with gas outlet channels and the outer casing, and the discharge pipe - with an air duct, with burners and an ejector that creates a vacuum in the reactor to remove flue gases.

The disadvantages of this scheme are:

- bulkiness, inability to be used for individual residential housing construction by private consumers;

- high costs of electrical energy for the operation of the screw mechanism, especially when disposing of municipal solid waste;

- the high cost of a single installation, which is why they are inaccessible to the mass buyer.

The objective of the invention is the effective operation of the installation for the disposal of combustible organic waste with the utilization of the heat of the exhaust gases and their purification from harmful impurities.

The technical result consists in the utilization of combustible organic waste with the utilization of the heat of the exhaust gases and their purification from harmful impurities.

The technical result is achieved due to the fact that an individual stand-alone organic waste disposer, containing a fan, a chimney, a reactor, made in the form of a cylinder, has a tapering lower part containing a grate in the lower part with a retractable box located underneath for ash shipment and initial ignition , the tapering part of the reactor has openings for air supply from the fan, a loading device in the form of a cover located in the upper part of the reactor, a heat recovery unit located on the outer surface of the chimney and having a branch pipe for supplying water and a branch pipe for removing heated water, a waste heat exchanger, located in the upper part of the chimney and the heat exchanger and consisting of a pipe for supplying clean water and a pipe for draining contaminated water.

An individual autonomous organic waste disposer containing a fan 2, a chimney 6, a reactor 1, made in the form of a cylinder, has a tapering lower part, in the lower part of which there is a grate 5 with a retractable box 3 placed under it for ash shipment and initial ignition, tapering part of the reactor has openings for air supply 4 from the fan 2. The loading device in the form of a cover 11 is designed to load waste and periodically clean the walls of the reactor 1 from slag adhering to the wall of the reactor 1, and is located in the upper part of the reactor 1. The heat exchanger 8 is designed for utilization of the heat of flue gases for the needs of hot water supply to consumers and is located on the outer surface of the chimney 6 and has a branch pipe for supplying water 9 and a branch pipe for discharging heated water 10. The waste disposal unit 7 is located in the upper part of the chimney 6 and the heat exchanger 8 and consists of branch pipe for supplying clean water 12 and n spigot for draining contaminated water 13.

The principle of operation of an individual autonomous organic waste disposer is as follows. Paper (or other material with good combustibility) is loaded into the drawer 3 with the lid 11 open, after ignition in the drawer 3, waste is loaded onto the grate 5 through the lid 11. After loading the drawer 3, it is necessary to close the lid 11 tightly and start the fan 2 At the same time, the gases resulting from the incineration of waste are sent to the atmosphere through the chimney 6. The fan 2 is necessary to overcome the resistance of the water layer in the waste disposal unit 7, as well as to intensify the combustion process of the combusted materials. Water is supplied to the waste disposal unit 7 through the clean water inlet pipe 12 and the polluted water outlet pipe 13. Contaminated water removal ensures the elimination of harmful substances dissolved in water from the installation. Outgoing gases with harmful substances bubble through the water in the utilizer of harmful substances 7 and are retained there, which ensures the utilization of the exhaust gases. The principle of operation of the utilizer of harmful substances is similar to the principle of operation of the well-known hydraulic seal. The cleaned exhaust gases are then released into the atmosphere.

Additionally, at the outlet of the chimney 6, a heat recovery unit 8 is provided, located on the outer surface of the chimney 6 and consisting of water inlet pipes 9 and a heated water outlet pipe 10. Heat recovery is provided by heat transfer through the wall of the chimney 6 from hot exhaust gases formed as a result of the combustion of combustible organic waste, to the water supplied through the water supply pipe 9. Thus, the cooling of the exhaust gases and the utilization of their heat are ensured.

Claims (1)

An individual stand-alone organic waste disposer containing a reactor in the form of a cylinder, containing a grate, a fan, a chimney in the lower part, characterized in that the reactor, made in the form of a cylinder, has a tapered lower part, with a retractable box located under it for loading ash and initial ignition, the tapering part of the reactor has openings for air supply from the fan, the loading device in the form of a cover is located in the upper part of the reactor, the heat recovery unit is located on the outer surface of the chimney and has a branch pipe for supplying water and a branch pipe for removing heated water, the waste heat exchanger is located in the upper part of the chimney and the heat recovery unit and includes a pipe for supplying clean water and a pipe for draining contaminated water.

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