RU2765959C1 - Suspended machine for butt welding of rails - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: technological processes.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to suspended equipment for butt welding of rails. Movable housing is installed on two guides. On the fixed housing there are two transformers and two upsetting hydraulic cylinders, the rods of which are located with provision of action on the movable housing. In movable and fixed housings there are two power levers with hydraulic cylinders of clamping and two electrode levers. Electrodes are arranged as self-aligning on rail web. Matching mechanism is installed between the power and electrode levers. Electrode levers are connected to each other by means of axes and are made with possibility of pressing electrodes to web of welded rail with specified force. Electrodes have independent control and are electrically isolated from electrode axes and electrode levers. Weld trimmer is made in the form of a detachable cap knife with possibility of its preliminary installation and fastening on one of the welded rails and its free movement along the rail. Movable housing of the machine is made with the possibility of the said blade thrusting against it when cutting the flash, which is provided by the force created by the upsetting cylinders.

EFFECT: invention provides reliability and maintainability due to minimization of the weld trimmer design, facilitation of its cleaning and maintenance.

3 cl, 15 dwg

Description

The invention relates to equipment for butt welding of rails and can be used for welding rail joints on the way.

Welding machines are known that provide alignment of the welded ends of the rails, their welding and cutting of the flash in the hot state.

These machines are taken for analogues.

Known suspension machine for butt welding of rails MCP-120.01 U1, see RF patent for the invention No. 2381882, publ. bul. No. 5 dated February 20, 2010, application No. 2008114806/02 dated April 15, 2008

This machine contains a fixed body and a movable body mounted on two guides, which are electrically isolated from each other, two transformers and upsetting hydraulic cylinders placed on the fixed body, the rods of which are located to provide an impact on the movable body, power levers with clamping hydraulic cylinders, electrode levers with electrodes with current leads fixed at the lower ends.

In each case, between the power and electrode levers, a matching mechanism is installed, the levers of which are connected to the power levers. In each electrode lever, at its upper end, a shock absorber is installed with the possibility of interaction through the stop with each power lever. The electrodes are made with the possibility of rotation in two planes, self-aligning along the neck of the rail and thereby ensuring a reliable electrical contact. The levers of the combination mechanism are connected to the slider installed in the guides installed on each body. The deburring knife is installed in the lever to ensure movement in an arc.

The disadvantages of this machine are:

- a technically complex deburring mechanism is built into the movable body of the machine, in the form of a plate with a knife that cuts the burr, mounted on an axis and moving along an arc with two separate deburring cylinders built into the movable body of the machine, which does not ensure optimization and minimization of the design of the deburring device, the failure-free operation of the deburring device when deburring, and also does not provide ease of maintenance and cleaning of the deburring machine and machine bodies;

- the electrodes on the movable and fixed housings are made without cooling, which leads to overheating, plastic deformation and failure of the electrodes;

- transformers are made without cooling, which leads to their ignition and failure;

- clamping bars are made flat, which leads to slippage of the machine bodies relative to the rail during upsetting.

Known suspension machine for butt welding of rails MSR-120.02 U1, see RF patent for the invention No. 2748185, publ. bul. No. 14 dated May 20, 2021, application No. 2020123497 dated July 15, 2020

This machine is taken as the closest analogue - a prototype.

This machine consists of a fixed body and a movable body mounted on two rails. On the fixed body there are two transformers, two upsetting hydraulic cylinders, the rods of which act on the movable body.

In the movable and fixed housings, two power levers and two electrode levers are installed. The levers are mounted on the axles and connected to the clamp hydraulic cylinders mounted on the axles having rods. A stop is installed on the axis. The upper ends of the power levers are connected through the axles with the clamp hydraulic cylinders, and at the lower ends there are straps with balls pressed by springs.

The electrode levers are installed in the movable and fixed housings with the possibility of rotation on the axes. Stops are installed on the upper ends of the electrode levers. The electrode levers are connected to each other by means of axes by hydraulic cylinders of the electrodes.

At the lower ends of the levers on the axles, electrodes are installed with the possibility of free rotation in two planes and self-alignment along the rail neck. The screws provide support for the electrodes. In this case, the axles are isolated together with the electrode levers from the electrodes by means of insulating bushings and insulating washers.

The electrodes are connected to flexible current leads.

In each case, between the power and electrode levers, a matching mechanism is installed, the levers of which are connected by axes to the power levers.

In the movable housing, a deburring mechanism is installed, consisting of deburring hydraulic cylinders, which are connected through rods to the movable deburring plate, in which the deburring knife is installed. The plate is connected to the movable body through the horizontal shaft of the deburring mechanism and the vertical shafts of the deburring mechanism by means of the lever of the horizontal shaft of the deburring mechanism and the levers of the vertical shafts of the deburring mechanism. The disadvantages of this machine are:

- a technically complex deburring mechanism is built into the movable body of the machine, consisting of deburring hydraulic cylinders, vertical and horizontal shafts and deburring levers, which does not ensure the optimization and minimization of the deburring design, the failure-free operation of the deburring device during deburring, and also does not provide ease of maintenance and cleaning of the deburring and machine bodies;

- the electrodes on the movable and fixed housings are made without cooling, which leads to overheating, plastic deformation and failure of the electrodes;

- transformers are made without cooling, which leads to their ignition and failure;

- clamping bars are made flat, which leads to slippage of the machine bodies relative to the rail during upsetting;

These shortcomings do not allow to achieve the technical result created by the alleged invention. The task is as follows:

- increasing the reliability of the machine;

- increasing the durability of the machine;

- improving the maintainability of the machine.

The technical result is as follows:

- ensuring the optimization and minimization of the design of the deburring device;

- non-failure operation of the deburring device when deburring;

- ease of maintenance and cleaning of the deburring machine and machine housings;

- ensuring cooling of electrodes and transformers;

- prevention of slippage of the machine bodies relative to the rail during upsetting.

The proposed invention has the following set of essential features that have a causal relationship with the technical result.

Distinctive features from the prototype that create the specified technical result are the following.

The deburring after welding of the rails is carried out by a cap and detachable deburring knife, which moves and cuts the deburring by the movable body of the machine by the force generated by the upset cylinders, ensuring the optimization and minimization of the design of the deburring device, the failure-free operation of the deburring device when deburring, as well as the ease of maintenance and cleaning of the deburring device.

The electrodes on the movable and fixed body of the machine are cooled, which avoids overheating, plastic deformation and failure of the electrodes.

Transformers on the fixed body of the machine are made cooled, which helps to avoid fire and failure of transformers.

Clamping bars are made with notches, which allows to increase the friction force and prevent slippage of the machine bodies relative to the rail during upsetting.

The definition of the prototype, as the closest analogue, made it possible to identify a set of essential features in relation to the technical result in the claimed device, which are set forth in the claims. Therefore, the claimed invention meets the criterion of "novelty" under the current legislation.

The search results show that the claimed invention does not follow explicitly from the prior art for a specialist, since no transformations prescribed by this invention, characterized by essential features that are distinctive from the prototype, have been identified to achieve a technical result. Therefore, the claimed solution meets the requirement of "level of invention".

List of drawings

In FIG. 1 is a frontal view of the machine.

In FIG. 2 - machine, left side view.

In FIG. 3 - section of the machine along A-A, view of the power levers.

In FIG. 4 - section along B-B, view of the electrode levers.

In FIG. 5 is a section along В-В, with a view of the combination mechanism in a fixed housing.

In FIG. 6 - view D, top view.

In FIG. 7 is a section along D-D with a view of the combination mechanism in the movable housing.

In FIG. 8 - view E, machine, bottom view.

In FIG. 9 - view F, car, right side view.

In FIG. 10 K-K section, with a view of the cap deburring knife mounted on the rail.

In FIG. 11 - section M-M, with a right view of the knife for removing the burr, mounted on the rail, before the removal of the burr.

In FIG. 12 - view H, fastening the electrode to the electrode levers.

In FIG. 13 - section P-P, with a view of the electrode with nozzles for cooling the electrodes;

In FIG. 14 - general view of the strip with notches;

In FIG. 15 is a general view of the cap deburring knife in the connected and disconnected state.

The positions on the figures indicate: the movable body - 1; fixed body - 2; guides - 3; transformers - 4; draft hydraulic cylinders - 5; draft hydraulic cylinder rods - 6; electrodes - 8, 9 (Fig. 4, 13); current leads - 10, 11; axes of electrodes - 12, 13; electrode screws - 14, 15; welded rail - 16; electrode levers - 17, 18; axes of electrode levers - 19, 20; power levers - 21, 22; axes of power levers - 23, 24 (Fig. 3); strips with notches - 25, 26 (Fig. 14); balls - 27, 28; springs - 29.30; clamp hydraulic cylinders - 31, 32; axes - 33, 34; stem - 35, emphasis - 36; stop for the rail - 37.

The combination mechanism includes levers - 38, 39; axes - 40, 41; crawler - 42; guide - 43.

Also hydraulic cylinders of electrodes - 44, 45 are installed; stops - 46, 47, axes of the electrode levers 48, 49; insulating bushings 50, 51; insulating washers 52, 53 (Fig. 13); cap deburring knife 54 (Fig. 8, Fig. 10, 11, 15), nozzles for cooling electrodes - 55, nozzles for cooling transformers - 56.

The machine consists of a fixed body 2 and a movable body 1 mounted on two guides 3. Two transformers 4, two upsetting hydraulic cylinders 5 are installed on the fixed body, the rods 6 of which act on the movable body 1.

In the movable and fixed housings, two power levers 21, 22 (Fig. 3) and two electrode levers 17, 18 (Fig. 4) are installed. The levers 21, 22 are mounted on the axles 23, 24 and connected to the clamp hydraulic cylinders 31, 32 mounted on the axles 33, having the rods 35 and the stop 36 is installed on the axle 34. The upper ends of the power levers 21, 22 are connected through the axles 33, 34 with the hydraulic cylinders clamps 31, 32, and at the lower ends there are notched strips 25, 26 with balls 27, 28, pressed by springs 29, 30.

This achieves a technical result that is missing in the prototype, which consists in preventing slippage of the machine bodies relative to the rail during upsetting.

The electrode levers 17, 18 (Fig. 4) are installed in the movable housing 1 and the fixed housing 2 with the possibility of rotation on the axes 19, 20. Stops 46, 47 are installed on the upper ends of the electrode levers 17, 18. The electrode levers 17, 18 are connected to each other by a plow through axes 48, 49 by hydraulic cylinders of electrodes 44, 45.

At the lower ends of the levers 17, 18 on the axes 12, 13, electrodes 8, 9 are installed with the possibility of free rotation in two planes and self-alignment along the rail neck. Screws 14, 15 support the electrodes. In this case, the axes 12, 13 are isolated together with the electrode levers 17, 18 from the electrodes 8, 9 using insulating bushings 50, 51 and insulating washers 52, 53.

The electrodes are connected to flexible current leads 10, 11.

In each housing 1, 2, between the power and electrode levers, a matching mechanism is installed, the levers 38, 39 of which are connected by axes 48, 49 to the power levers 23, 24.

Separately, the machine kit includes a knife for removing the cap deburring with the possibility of separation 54.

This achieves a technical result that is missing in the prototype, which consists in optimizing and minimizing the design of the deburring device.

The machine works as follows:

On one of the ends of the rails to be welded from the side of the movable body, an open cap deburring knife 54 is thrown and fastened on the rail so that the cap deburring knife can move freely along the rail. Next, the machine is installed with a manipulator (not shown) on the rail ends to be welded. The operator starts the machine. This turns on the supply of coolant and through hoses (not shown) and nozzles for cooling the electrodes 55 and transformers 56, cooling is supplied to the electrodes 8,9 and transformers 4, respectively.

This achieves a technical result that is missing in the prototype, which consists in providing cooling of the electrodes and transformers.

Next, the hydraulic cylinder of the clamp 32 of the fixed body 2 is activated. The rod 35, interacting with the stop 36, rotates the power levers on the axes 23, 24. The rail 16 is clamped with notched strips 25, 26 and the rail is pulled to the stops 37 of the fixed body.

The alignment of the rails to be welded in the vertical plane is carried out by balls 27, 28 with springs 29, 30 in notched bars 25, 26 installed in the power levers.

The upper ends of the power levers 21, 22, connected with the levers 38, 39 through the axis 40, 41 of the alignment mechanism, move together with the slider 42, ensuring that the rail is always in the same horizontal plane along the axis of the machine. Planks 25, 26 of the power levers continue synchronous movement, clamping the rails, centering their ends.

After clamping the power levers 21, 22, the hydraulic cylinders of the electrodes 44, 45 begin to move and through the axes 48, 49 the electrode levers 17, 18 press the electrodes 8, 9 to the rail 16 to be welded with a given force.

Electrodes 8, 9 are self-aligning along the rail, turning on axes 12, 13.

After the mechanisms of the fixed body have oriented and clamped one end of the rail, operations are performed in the same sequence to orient and clamp the other end of the rail by the movable body.

Then the welding transformers 4 are turned on. Pressure is applied to the upset cylinders 5, the movable body 1 brings the ends of the rails together. The rails are welded and a welded joint and flash is formed (Fig. 11). At the same time, the cap burr cutting knife 54 rests against the movable body 1. The upsetting hydraulic cylinders 5 stop before reaching the end of the stroke, then the power levers 21, 22 in the movable body 1 are diluted by a predetermined value and the notched bars 25, 26 are retracted from the welded rail. The draft hydraulic cylinders 5 are switched on again, the movable body 1 is set in motion and the deburring knife 54 is cut off the burr in a hot state.

This achieves a technical result that is missing in the prototype, which consists in the failure-free operation of the deburring device when deburring.

Further, in the fixed housing 1, the rod of the hydraulic cylinder 31 is retracted, then the rod of the hydraulic cylinder 32 is retracted, unclenching the levers 21, 22, releasing the rail 16, the hydraulic cylinders of the electrodes 44, 45 are unclenched and the electrodes 8, 9 are retracted from the rail through the electrode levers 17, 18. After that, the machine the manipulator (not shown) is lifted up from the welded rail, while the cap deburring knife 54 remains on the rails and is unfastened and removed. After that, the adhering burr and metal splashes are separately cleaned from the knife for removing the cap burr and the bodies 1, 2 of the machine.

This achieves a technical result that is missing in the prototype, which consists in the ease of maintenance and cleaning of the deburring machine and machine bodies.

Thus, the above information indicates the possibility of using the invention in the form as it is characterized in the claims with the help of the known and proposed means described above in the application. Therefore, the claimed invention meets the requirement "industrially applicable under applicable law." According to the proposed invention, design and technological documentation for the MSR-120.02AU1 machine has been developed.

Claims (3)

1. A suspended machine for butt welding of rails, comprising a fixed body and a movable body mounted on two guides, two transformers and two upsetting hydraulic cylinders placed on the fixed body, the rods of which are located to provide an impact on the movable body, and a deburring remover, while in the movable and stationary housings there are two power levers with clamp hydraulic cylinders and two electrode levers with electrodes with current leads fixed at their lower ends, and the electrodes are made self-aligning along the neck of the rail, and in the movable and fixed housings between the power and electrode levers there is a combination mechanism containing axles, slider, guides and levers connected to the power levers, and the electrode levers are connected to each other by means of axes and equipped with electrode hydraulic cylinders installed with the possibility of pressing the electrodes to the neck of the rail being welded with a given force, while the electrodes are made with the possibility independent control and electrically isolated from the electrode axes and electrode levers, characterized in that the deburring tool is made in the form of a removable cap knife with the possibility of its pre-installation and fastening on one of the welded rails and its free movement along the rail, while the movable body of the machine is made with the possibility the abutment of the said knife into it when cutting the burr, provided by the force created by the draft cylinders. 2. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrodes on the movable and fixed bodies of the machine, as well as the transformers, are cooled. 3. The machine according to claim. 1, characterized in that the lower ends of the power levers are made clamping strips with notches.

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