RU2764762C1 - Device for protecting sluicegates from ship collisions - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: waterborne transportation.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of water transport, namely to devices for protecting the sluicegates from ship collisions, and is intended to improve the safety of locking. The device for protecting the sluicegates against ship collisions consists of two movable beams symmetrically located on both sides of the lock chamber in wall niches, with one side ends pivotally connected to the walls of the chamber, and the second - with cables wound on drums of automatically controlled winches. The winches are fixed to the walls of the lock chamber and connected via a computer system with the vessel’s speed control equipment. The movable beams are pivotally connected by a transverse beam at the second ends. A transverse niche is made in the bottom of the lock chamber to place the transverse beam in the initial position and for the possibility of unhindered exit from it to the working position. The computer system is designed to determine the pressure of the transverse beam on the bottom of the vessel depending on the displacement of the vessel, its draft, the speed of movement in the lock and the optimal braking distance of the vessel.

EFFECT: increase in the braking efficiency of the vessel when it approaches the sluicegate and expansion of the functionality of the protection device while increasing its reliability.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of water transport and is intended to protect the gates of shipping locks from bulk ships during locking.

Known safety devices for protecting the gates of the shipping lock from the bulk of the vessel using braking systems based on the overlap of the span of the lock with a rigid barrier element (rigid beam "barrier"), a flexible element (rope, chain) (see US Pat. RU No. 2726893; US Pat. RU No. 2532036; Pat. RU No. 2425922; Pat. RU No. 2511249), as well as devices in which the braking efficiency of the vessel is ensured by friction using friction material (Pat. RU No. 170899; Pat. RU No. 2579229; Pat. RU No. 2428541).

The disadvantage of devices with a rigid barrage element is the possibility of damage to the ship's hull in contact with a barrage element (beams, cables, chains) made of steel. The disadvantage of devices using friction material is the complexity of the design, which requires additional structural elements in the horizontal surfaces of the walls of the lock, because. the friction element does not interact directly with the ship's hull.

Of the known solutions, the closest analogue (prototype) in terms of technical essence and purpose to the claimed invention is a gate protection device from bulk ships according to US Pat. RF No. 170899 IPC E02C1 / 10, publ. May 15, 2017. The prototype device consists of two barrier elements located symmetrically on both sides of the lock chamber in wall niches and made in the form of movable and fixed beams, and cylinders in contact with them made of elastic waterproof material, connected to a compressed air source connected to speed control equipment vessel movements. Moreover, each movable beam is installed with the possibility of limited horizontal movement, for example, using a pair of chains (cables) connected through winches with speed control equipment.

If the vessel violates the speed regime, the control equipment of the device sends a signal to the navigation pass control system. An alarm signal is transmitted to the executive body of automatic valves that open the air supply to the cylinders. At the same time, a signal is sent to the winches that regulate the length of the chains (cables). Cylinders, being filled, move the movable beams along the support-guiding elements in the direction of the vessel's movement. As a result, the vessel is captured over its sides, and thus its bulk on the gate is prevented. Between the sides of the vessel and the rubber layer, a friction force arises, holding the vessel after the bulk energy has been completely extinguished.

The disadvantage of the prototype are:

unreliability in ensuring the tightness of the system of cylinders and the pipeline for supplying compressed air;

limited use when interacting with ships that have a smaller width;

insufficient braking force in the contact "brake beam - ship's hull" due to the limited capabilities of the air bag;

the impossibility of using the device in the condition of changing water levels during the reverse movement of vessels from pool to pool.

The present invention improves the braking efficiency of the ship when it approaches the lock gate and expands the functionality of the protection device while increasing its reliability.

To solve the problem, the following set of essential features is used: in the device for protecting the lock gate from bulk ships, consisting, like the prototype, of two movable beams symmetrically located on both sides of the lock chamber in wall niches, at one end hinged to the walls of the chamber, and the second - with cables wound on drums of automatically controlled winches, while the winches are fixed on the walls of the lock chamber and connected via a computer system with the ship's speed control equipment, unlike the prototype, the movable beams are hinged at the second ends by a transverse beam, while in the bottom of the lock chamber is made with a transverse niche for placing the transverse beam in the initial position and the possibility of unhindered exit from it to the working position, in turn, the computer system is made with the ability to determine the pressure of the transverse beam on the bottom of the vessel, depending on the displacement of the vessel, its draft, speed mobile ion in the gateway and the optimal braking path.

The essence of the invention lies in the braking of the vessel in front of the lock gate by raising the transverse beam and pressing it to the bottom of the vessel (if it violates the speed regime) with a force that creates friction between the friction surfaces of the beam and the vessel, which ensures effective braking of the vessel and passing it through the optimal ( estimated) braking distance before stopping. The obvious difference between the proposed device and the prototype is that the braking of the vessel is carried out by friction of the barrier element on the bottom of the vessel, and not on the side, which allows the proposed device to be used regardless of the width of the vessel.

The braking energy of the vessel is determined by the formula:

сила трения в контакте «тормозная балка ­ днище судна», н;where

friction force in the contact "brake beam bottom of the vessel", n;

пройденный тормозной путь судна, м.

Vessel stopping distance, m

превышает энергию навала судна на ворота

:The braking system is effective if the ship's braking energy is

exceeds the energy of the ship's bulk on the gate

:

,

,

which is determined by the formula:

водоизмещение судна, кг;where

vessel displacement, kg;

скорость судна, м/c;

vessel speed, m/s;

коэффициент присоединения массы воды;

coefficient of accession of the mass of water;

The braking distance traveled is determined by the formula:

Thus, for effective braking of a ship with an optimal stopping distance, the cable of an automatically controlled winch must be pulled with a force R , which is determined by the computer system according to the parameters of the ship being locked: displacement, draft, speed in the lock and the optimal braking path. At the same time, with an increase in braking force, the ship will receive a trim, which will also lead to a decrease in the inertial movement of the ship.

The advantage of the invention in comparison with the prototype is also the possibility of using the device with changes in water levels during the reverse movement of vessels from pool to pool due to the use of a transverse beam, the change in the height of which is controlled by the lifting mechanism (winch). The prototype device has a static position, which does not provide for its use at different water levels, and in this case, when the vessel moves from the upstream (according to the water level of the upstream) to the downstream, one barrier element must be located at the upstream water level, and when the vessel passes from the downstream (according to the water level of the downstream) to the upstream, the second similar element must be placed at the level of the downstream. Unlike the prototype, in the present invention, one device is sufficient.

Comparison of the proposed device that protects the gate of the lock from the bulk of the vessel with the help of a barrier body, and its prototype showed that the task of increasing the braking efficiency of the vessel when it approaches the gate of the lock and expanding the functionality of the protection device while increasing its reliability, is solved as a result of a new combination features, which proves the compliance of the proposed invention with the criterion of "novelty".

In turn, the conducted information search in the field of water transport did not reveal solutions containing individual distinctive features of the claimed invention, which allows us to conclude that the method meets the criterion of "inventive step".

The essence of the invention is illustrated by drawings, where:

in fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of a lock chamber with a security device installed in it in plan;

in fig. 2 is a longitudinal section I-I of FIG. one.

The device (Fig. 1, Fig. 2) protecting the gates of the shipping lock consists of a transverse beam 1 of a tubular section in a friction shell made of rubber, providing a high coefficient of friction in contact with the ship's hull. The transverse beam 1 is pivotally attached to the movable beams 2, as well as to the cables 3 with the help of damping devices (springs) 4, which reduce the negative impact of the dynamic load on the cables 3. The movable beams 2 with their second ends are pivotally attached to the supporting hinges 5 installed on the walls of the chamber lock 6. The swivel fastening of the transverse beam 1 allows moving using lifting mechanisms (automatically controlled winches) 7 connected through a computer system (not shown in the figure) with the ship's speed control equipment. Winches 7 include a drum, a brake, a gearbox and an electric motor. In the non-working (initial) position, the transverse beam is placed in a niche 8 made in the bottom of the airlock chamber 9.

The proposed device works as follows (Fig. 1, 2).

Sensors 10 of the speed control equipment installed on the walls of the lock in the area of the gate 11, when the speed of the vessel approaching the gate is exceeded, transmit a signal to the winches 7 with program control. The winch 7 lifts the transverse beam 1, pressing it against the bottom of the vessel and creating friction between the friction surfaces. At the same time, the damper devices 4 dampen the influence of the dynamic load on the cables 3, preventing them from breaking.

The present invention allows:

expand the functionality of the lock gate protection device by braking the vessel, regardless of its width;

provide more efficient braking in the contact "beam - ship's hull";

in addition to the braking force due to friction, provide a braking force by increasing the pressure of the beam with the help of a lifting mechanism, as well as creating a trim of the vessel;

ensure the possibility of using the device in case of changes in water levels in the lock chamber.

The design of the device was developed by specialists of the Department of Hydraulic Structures, Structures and Hydraulics of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “State University of the Sea and River Fleet named after Admiral S.O. Makarov" in the course of research work. Calculations were made that showed the possibility of using the device in the lock chambers of the canal. Moscow and the waterworks of the Volga cascade. In the future, it is planned to recommend the device for use on the inland waterways of the Russian Federation, which will significantly improve the safety of ship locking.

The foregoing allows us to conclude that the invention meets the criterion of "industrial applicability".

Claims (1)

A device for protecting the gates of a shipping lock from a bulk of ships, consisting of two movable beams symmetrically located on both sides of the lock chamber in wall niches, with one end hinged to the walls of the chamber, and the other with cables wound on drums of automatically controlled winches, while the winches fixed on the walls of the lock chamber and connected through a computer system with the ship's speed control equipment, characterized in that the movable beams are pivotally connected to each other by a transverse beam at the second ends, while a transverse niche is made in the bottom of the lock chamber to accommodate the transverse beam in the initial position and the possibility of unobstructed exit from it to the working position, in turn, the computer system is configured to determine the pressure of the transverse beam on the bottom of the vessel, depending on the displacement of the vessel, its draft, speed in the lock and the optimal way of braking the vessel.

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