RU2762844C1 - Working body for digging sugar beet root crops - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of agricultural engineering. The working body comprises a digging fork made in the form of counter-rotating conical tips with cylindrical parts installed at an angle to the longitudinal vertical plane of symmetry of the working body, and an adjustable ripper. The working surface of the ripper is made following a convex brachistochrone. The rotating cylindrical parts of the active fork are made in the form of elastic tyres with pneumatic chambers with valves mounted therein, secured on the drive shafts. Elastic outer spikes with a height of 5 to 7 mm and a diameter of 4 to 5 mm, located at a distance of 6 to 8 mm between adjacent spikes, are arranged in a staggered order on the outer cylindrical surfaces of the elastic tyres.

EFFECT: reduction of damage to the root crops and creation of an additional digging force acting thereon are ensured.

1 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of agricultural engineering, in particular to devices for digging out sugar beet roots.

Known excavating working body, which contains a body, bearing counter-rotating shafts, which are installed root-extracting cones, and on the body is rigidly fixed undercutting paw, located along the longitudinal axis (see and.with. No. 1412633, IPC A01D 25/04, 30.07 .1988).

The disadvantage of this working body is the paw that is not adjustable in height and longitudinal movement, as well as a ripper with a complex design, which only breaks the connection of root crops with the soil, but does not help in extracting them from the soil.

Known working body for digging out root crops, containing a release fork, made in the form of counter-rotating cone-shaped tips installed at an angle to the longitudinal-vertical plane of symmetry of the working body. Below the tips in the plane of symmetry of the working body is a ripper in the form of a flat knife (see and.with. No. 491343, IPC A01D 25/04, 15.11.1975).

The disadvantage of this working body for digging out root crops is that the working surface of the ripper is concave, which leads to significant friction when interacting with the soil and does not allow keeping the axis of the root crop vertical until they are captured by the forks rotors.

Known working body for digging root crops, consisting of an active fork, made in the form of counter-rotating cone-shaped tips installed at an angle to the longitudinal-vertical plane of symmetry of the working body and an adjustable ripper in the form of a flat straight knife, installed with the possibility of displacement in height and direction of movement , and the cylindrical parts of the active fork are equipped with eight cylindrical roots, offset relative to each other by 45 ° (see RF patent No. 2117422, IPC A01D 25/04, 20.08.1998).

The disadvantage of this working body for digging out root crops is that the flat and straight shape of the working surface of the cultivator creates additional frictional forces of the soil with root crops as they move along it and, therefore, ineffective lifting and extraction of root crops from the soil.

It is known, taken as a prototype, a working body for digging out sugar beet roots (see RF patent No. 2176866, IPC A01D 25/04, 20.12.2001, Bull. No. 35), containing a release fork made in the form of counter-rotating conical tips, having on their cylindrical parts root grips installed at an angle to the longitudinal-vertical plane of symmetry of the working body, and an adjustable ripper, while the working surface of the ripper is made along a convex brachistochrone.

The disadvantage of this working body for digging up sugar beet root crops is that the rigid shape of the cylindrical parts of the release forks with the starters located on them at some distance from each other does not provide a constant grip of the root crops and a constant digging force, and also injures the root crops, thereby reducing their presentation and the duration of storage, for example, in piles.

The problem that the invention solves is to reduce the damageability of root crops and create an additional digging force acting on them.

The problem is solved with the help of a working body for digging out sugar beet roots, containing a squeeze fork made in the form of counter-rotating cone-shaped tips having cylindrical parts installed at an angle to the longitudinal-vertical plane of symmetry of the working body, and an adjustable ripper, while the working surface The ripper is made along a convex brachistochrone, where the rotating cylindrical parts of the active fork are made in the form of elastic tires fixed on the drive shafts with pneumatic chambers with valves mounted in them, and on the outer cylindrical surfaces of the elastic tires elastic outer spikes 5-7 mm high are fixed in a checkerboard pattern and 4-5 mm in diameter, located at a distance of 6-8 mm between adjacent spines.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

FIG. 1 shows a working body for digging out sugar beet root crops, side view.

FIG. 2 - section A-A in Fig. one.

FIG. 3 - a working body for digging out sugar beet roots, top view.

FIG. 4 - section b-b in fig. 3.

On the body 1 of the release fork, a ripper 2 with a working surface - brachistochrome 3 (line ab of the ripper 2) is rigidly fixed cantilevered, which is made with the possibility of adjusting it both in height and in the direction of movement. The active fork is made in the form of counter-rotating conical tips 4 with cylindrical parts 5 installed at an angle to the longitudinal-vertical plane of symmetry. The rotating cylindrical parts of each active fork are made in the form of elastic, for example, elastic rubber tires 8 with pneumatic, for example, rubber chambers 9, mounted in them valves 10 with protective caps screwed onto them from the outside, fixed on the drive shafts 7, for example, with the help of glue. On the outer cylindrical surfaces of the elastic rubber tires 8, elastic outer spikes 6 with a height of 5-7 mm and a diameter of 4-5 mm are fixed in a checkerboard pattern, located at a distance of 6-8 mm from each other between adjacent spikes 6.

The pressure in the pneumatic rubber chambers 9 of the elastic rubber tires 8 is created using a pump connected to the valves 10, for example, a bicycle pump. The drive of the cone-shaped tips 4 is carried out by the drive shaft 7, 11 - a root crop.

The working body for digging out the root crops of sugar beet works as follows.

The rotating cone-shaped tips 4 loosen the soil around the root crop 11 at a predetermined depth. The ripper 2 located below the fork loosens the soil along the entire depth of the root crop, completely disrupting its connection with the soil, and along its convex working surface - brachistochrome 3 moves the forks into the gripping zone by the rotors. In the process of translational movement of the rotor machine, the forks begin to act on the root crop 11 and the rotating cone-shaped tips 4, including with the help of their cylindrical parts 5, effectively capture and remove them from the soil and transfer them to the root pick-ups. In this case, when root crops 11 arrive on the rotating cylindrical parts 5 of the active fork, made in the form of elastic rubber tires 8 with pneumatic rubber chambers 9 fixed on the drive shafts 7, they are captured by elastic rubber tires fixed on the outer cylindrical surfaces of the elastic rubber tires 8 staggered elastic external thorns 6. In this case, the surface of the elastic rubber tires 8 is deformed and acquires the shape covering the roots, which sharply reduces the pressure and the traumatic effect on them, simultaneously increasing the digging force. At the same time, the deformation of the elastic rubber tires 8 contributes to the self-cleaning of their surface and elastic outer studs 6 from adhering soil.

By changing the air pressure with the help of valves 10 in the pneumatic chambers 9 of the elastic rubber tires 8, the process of digging out root crops is optimized under different soil conditions and varieties of root crops.

The use of the proposed working body for digging up sugar beet roots will reduce losses and damage to root crops during digging within the limits established by agricultural requirements.

Claims (1)

A working body for digging out sugar beet roots, containing a squeeze fork made in the form of counter-rotating cone-shaped tips having cylindrical parts installed at an angle to the longitudinal-vertical plane of symmetry of the working body, and an adjustable ripper, while the working surface of the ripper is made along a convex brachistochrone , characterized in that the rotating cylindrical parts of the active fork are made in the form of elastic tires fixed on the drive shafts with pneumatic chambers with valves mounted in them, and on the outer cylindrical surfaces of the elastic tires, elastic outer spikes with a height of 5-7 mm and a diameter of 4 are fixed in a checkerboard pattern -5 mm, located at a distance of 6-8 mm between adjacent pins.

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