RU2759112C1 - Footwear for strengthening and relaxing the foot and lower leg muscles (variants) and kit for increasing the overall physical fitness of the body - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: footwear.

SUBSTANCE: present invention relates to footwear intended for strengthening, relaxing the muscles of the foot and lower leg muscles and training the overall coordination of the body, and to a kit for increasing the overall physical fitness of the body, namely to variants of footwear including means for attaching the footwear to the foot of the user, a flat sole, the lower surface whereof touches the floor and the upper one is made with a training element interacting with the foot of the user, wherein the training element is configured to be replaced if necessary and secured in the upper layer of the sole by means of pin connection, a "Velcro" fastener, an adhesive layer, a textile fastener. In the second variant, the footwear includes a means for attaching the footwear to the foot, made in the form of elastic bands fixed on the edges of the sole, a flat sole, the lower surface whereof touches the floor and the upper one is made with a training element interacting with the foot of the user, made in the form of an insole with through cutouts configured for the bands to be passed through said cutouts. The training kit includes footwear according to the first or second variant and at least two training elements configured to be replaced.

EFFECT: expanded range of technical means intended for home training, for relaxing and strengthening the foot and lower leg muscles, increasing the overall physical fitness in the course of regular life, wherein versatility, ease and safety in use are provided.

57 cl, 34 dwg

Description

Application area

The present invention relates to footwear for strengthening the muscles of the foot and lower leg and training general body coordination, as well as a kit for improving the general physical fitness of the body.

State of the art

A person, being a very complex system of ligaments, muscles, tendons, with a sensitive straight spinal column, is arranged by an active motor system and in nature he can move on uneven ground. For thousands of years, people have used and maintained their bodies in accordance with these natural conditions.

There is a wide variety of exercises that contribute to recovery from injuries, treatment and prevention of back pain, improving blood circulation in the legs and strengthening the cardiovascular system in general, as well as a wide range of medical and aesthetic problems associated with excess weight or other problems. ... Deformities of the foot (congenital or acquired), different types of flat feet and the consequences of injuries and neurological deficits are alleviated, for example, by using liners in ordinary shoes. It was assumed that as a result of continuous use or wearing of earbuds, the search for correction is carried out automatically over time. Unfortunately, the opposite has been proven, and the muscles weaken as the tension is reduced, since they no longer perform the function of work. Dynamic changes and further development of posture and motor system are not taken into account or only slightly taken into account.

Often I use orthopedic insoles or inserts to correct various problems with the foot and treat some diseases of the feet.

For example, known from patent RU2341234, publ. 20.12.2008, the forefoot corrector contains an insole and an insert in the form of a plano-convex lens.

In most cases, shoes are bought based on their appearance or comfort. Comfortable shoes are designed to provide a comfortable walking or standing position for the wearer, and often include suitable padding, instep support, and comfortable insoles. In normal use, the existing shoe provides a good stable base for the wearer's foot and this therefore reduces the amount of muscle strength required for the wearer to stand still or walk while maintaining satisfactory balance.

Surprisingly, however, it has been found that when a small, but safe in magnitude, instability of the shoe occurs, the difficulty that the user experiences in maintaining balance while walking or standing is increased, and therefore more muscle activity is required to maintain an equivalent good balance during use. existing types of shoes. In particular, it has been found that muscles such as the tibialis anterius, tibialis posterior, rectus femoris muscles, m guadriceps femoris m gluteus are forced to work harder when wearing shoes with slight instability. Further, as is well known in relation to human physiology, a muscle that is forced to work harder increases strength and recovers faster after exercise.

But, even a slight instability of the shoe leads to a lack of the usual balance of the body, therefore, walking in it cannot be considered completely safe, requires special efforts and concentration of attention.

We constantly rely on the foot, and if this support is asymmetrical, incorrect, everything above it begins to imbalance. The condition of the foot is so important to human health that all efforts aimed at general improvement, building up other muscles in the body may not achieve the desired effect if there are problems associated with the arch of the foot.

The foot itself has a complex structure - about 26 bones, 31 joints and 20 muscles and ligaments that belong exclusively to it. In case of improper position or displacement of the bones of the foot, which must be stabilized due to the good tone of the muscles of the foot, other muscles of the body stop working even with normal walking, which sooner or later also affects the internal organs. The normal condition of the spine and pelvis supports the normal functioning of the internal organs.

Muscles and ligaments do not work as separate mechanisms, they are interconnected. For example, when the foot becomes flat, it affects the entire leg and the spine. To keep the overloaded knee joint in position, the thigh muscles have to strain all the time. To stabilize the pelvis, the hip flexors are connected and pull the lumbar spine with them. Hence the excessive deflection in the lower back and a whole set of painful sensations in the feet, knees and hips. Therefore, in order to correct muscle imbalance, for example, with flat feet, it is not enough to roll a tennis ball under the foot. We need a set of exercises and massage movements for the muscles of the whole body.

Gymnastics and fitness is the simplest and most effective way to maintain and increase the general physical fitness of the body: fitness of the cardiovascular system, flexibility, muscle endurance, strength, power, development of a sense of balance, good coordination of movements, reaction, quickness, the ratio of muscle and fat tissues in the body, including maintaining healthy muscular-ligamentous apparatus of the feet. There are many recommended exercises for general fitness, including. and training the muscles of the foot.

According to experts, it is also useful to diversify the basic training methods described in many sources - each new option allows you to use the body in a different way, any change in the angle of movement allows you to discover new exercise opportunities.

Despite the huge number of exercises and developed foot trainers, statistics show that the vast majority of people with problems use only orthopedic insoles - which do not help to strengthen the muscles, and do not force the foot itself to “work,” but provide mainly a compensatory effect, support, “ crutch "for problem feet. Others live with pain or surgery.

The reason is that exercise requires self-discipline, spending a certain amount of time every day, constancy, patience - the effect of training can be noticeable after weeks or even months, and many quit classes without achieving results. After all, even having received the result, you cannot quit training - you must constantly maintain muscle tone. Experts emphasize that regularity is essential for maintaining health. If even some of these tips become part of your daily habit, you can easily keep your legs healthy, even while sitting at home.

Accordingly, there is a need for footwear that helps to strengthen the foot, ankle, knee and hip joints, toning and strengthening the muscles while standing or walking by the user in the usual way. At the same time, the shoes should perform a balanced set of training for muscle and joint groups. At the same time, shoes that will be safe and stable relative to the surface, walking in which will not be spontaneous for the body, but predictable, and, therefore, will not require more attention than usual. Further, the user does not need to specifically seek training time, since training of these muscles can occur during normal activities such as walking.

There are various types of shoes that can be used for training, but they all differ mainly in the sole, namely the surface in contact with the ground, the floor, which has a different shape and configuration.

For example, from patent RU57086, publ. 10.10.2006, a shoe is known that can be used at home as a trainer for enhancing natural physical activity, including a sole and a holder attached to the sole. The outsole is designed to fit under the forefoot, and is made up of a bonded upper and lower sole. The upper part of the sole can be made in the form of a cylinder or in the form of a parallelepiped, and the lower part of the sole can be made in the form of a spherical segment or a segment of a cylinder. To move in it, a person seeks to maintain balance due to the lack of support on the heel and the unstable swinging lateral position of the legs. When striving to maintain balance, the muscles of the legs, abdomen and buttocks contract, as well as the strengthening of the ligaments and joints. The disadvantage of this invention is that walking in shoes is a certain test, in which all attention is focused on maintaining balance, the movement is not safe. Thus, wearing shoes cannot be done in parallel with household chores. It is also impossible, if necessary, to focus on training specific muscle groups (for example, the lateral and medial ligaments of the ankle, which are responsible for twisting the legs, or the ligaments of the arch of the foot with flat feet).

From patent JP2007061563, publ. 15.03.2007, known footwear for strengthening and restoring the muscle strength of the foot during sports. The shoe has a sole, which inside is made with a level difference of at least 15 mm in height, located along the part from the interphalangeal joint to the metatarsal-phalangeal joint.

In the claimed invention, the sole with a drop in height is not located inside the shoe, but is an open support for the foot. Nothing keeps the fingers in a bent position, and does not prevent their free movement up and down. The height difference is designed to provide free movement of the toes with the desired amplitude, and this movement provides training for the toes and the arch of the foot. During a step, the fingers reflexively seek support, and the fingers spontaneously press on the surface of the sole.

From patent RU22465667, publ. 10.02.2005, footwear for active walking with rolling is known. The upper part of the device is provided with the upper of the shoe, and the sole contains at least the middle part of the sole, the lower part of the sole and the lower layer of the sole, and the lower layer of the middle part of the sole and the lower layer of the sole have an arbitrary convex, arcuate, or in the form of a segment of a circle. The invention provides protection for joints, builds up muscles, strengthens posture.

Movement in this shoe is focused on maintaining balance, movement is not safe. Thus, wearing shoes cannot be done in parallel with household chores.

Neither the boots nor the walking devices described above take into account the need to use the entire motor system through active walking, and independently and quickly determine how the muscles, tendons and spinal column should be used for active walking. Both orthopedic shoes and liners can only be modified by an expert orthopedic surgeon. As a consequence, existing devices are unsuitable for improving lungs and possibly also temporary postural deviations and errors in the sequencing of the motor system in a planned and accelerated manner.

Closest to the claimed solution is a shoe or insole for shoes, known from the international publication WO2011059045, publ. 19.05.2011, which can be used to prevent or treat flat feet, reduce weight, train the plantar muscle or effectively increase the muscle strength of the leg. The insole or shoe is structured so as to induce movement of the user's toes, in particular pinching and unclenching of the toes. The insole for shoes in the toe is made with a raised projection for placing the toes on it, on which the terminal phalanx of all toes is located. When the wearer wears the shoe, inward bending of the distal interphalangeal joints, proximal interphalangeal joints and metacarpophalangeal joints and all toes occurs.

Prior art shoes, insoles, insoles for correcting defects or training are intended to act on a specific part of the foot, i. E. for training one muscle group: the toe part, the part under the phalanges of the fingers, or under the heel part do not provide the possibility of complex training of many muscles and joints, i.e. the versatility of shoes (insoles for shoes) is insufficient for various joints and muscle groups of the foot, legs, back, etc.

The aim of the invention is to create a complex technical solution for footwear, which combines training of various muscle groups and joints. In this case, the solution should be compact, i.e. not take up a lot of space in a room or hallway, light and easy to use, safe and designed for users of different ages, cheap and affordable for any user, and with the ability to perform workouts discreetly, without interrupting everyday activities. In order to change the type of training, you do not need to use complex devices, changing training is easy and at the same time wearing shoes provides an opportunity to alternately use most of the joints and the musculo-ligamentous apparatus of the lower body. The technical solution must combine all of the above requirements to complete the set of exercises.

Description of the invention

The technical result is to expand the arsenal of technical means intended for home training, increasing general physical fitness, to strengthen the muscles of the foot and lower leg, in the process of ordinary life. The declared footwear is versatile, lightweight and safe to use even for elderly people, while changing the type of training does not require large physical and economic efforts and additional time.

The claimed technical result is provided in the first version of footwear for strengthening the muscles of the foot and lower leg and training general body coordination, which includes means for attaching the footwear to the user's foot, a flat sole, the lower surface of which is in contact with the floor, and the upper surface is made with a training element interacting with the user's foot, while the training element is made with the possibility of replacing it to change the type of training, and fixing it in the upper layer of the sole by means of a spike connection, buttons, Velcro, an adhesive layer, a textile fastener.

Shoes can be a slipper with various options for attaching to the foot or sandals (Fig. 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e). A, the tenon joint is preferably a “protrusion-groove” (Fig. 2a, 2b), “tenon-groove” (Fig. 4) type.

In this case, the sole can be made of an elastic polymer material, for example, rubber, PVC, polyurethane, ethylene vinyl acetate, polypropylene, foamed polymer material.

In addition, the shoe can be made without differences in shape (configuration), i. E. designed to be worn on both the right and left feet.

The spike connection is made in the form of protrusions and corresponding grooves of various shapes located on the contacting surfaces of the training element and the upper surface of the sole (see Fig. 2a, 2b).

The spike connection is made in the form of spikes and corresponding perforations located on the contacting surfaces of the training element and the upper surface of the sole (see Fig. 3a, 3b).

The training element can be made in the form of a flat insole with a thickness of 5-60 mm (see Fig. 4a, 4b).

The training element can be made in the form of a half-cylinder (see Fig. 5a, 5b) or a polyhedron, the base of which is fixed on the upper surface of the sole along its longitudinal axis.

The training element can be made in the form of an insole with a semi-cylinder or polyhedron fixed on its upper surface along the longitudinal axis (see Fig. 6a, 6b).

The training element is made in the form of a flat insole, on the upper surface of which a half-cylinder or polyhedron is located under the arch or under the heel part of the foot, perpendicular to the longitudinal axis (see Fig. 7).

The training element can be made in the form of a half-cylinder or polyhedron, the base of which is fixed on the upper surface of the sole, along the width of the sole under the arch of the foot or under the heel part of the foot, perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the sole.

The training element can be made in the form of a triangular sole segment in cross-section, with a narrowing towards the inner edge of the sole, and is located under the outer side of the foot, providing lifting of the outer edge of the foot in the horizontal plane and turning the foot inward (see Fig. 8).

The training element can be made in the form of a sole segment, triangular in cross-section, with a smooth taper towards the outer edge of the sole, providing lifting of the inner edge of the foot in the horizontal plane and turning the foot outward (see Fig. 9).

The training element can be made in the form of a segment of the forefoot of the sole, triangular in cross-section, gradually tapering towards the central part of the sole, providing the lifting of the forefoot in the vertical plane (see Figures 10, 11, 12).

The training element can be made in the form of a segment of the forefoot of the sole, trapezoidal in cross-section, with a smooth bevel towards the central part of the sole, providing the lifting of the forefoot in the vertical plane.

The training element can be made in the form of a flat insole, on the upper surface of which in the forefoot there is a segment, triangular in cross-section, with a smooth tapering towards the central part of the insole, providing the lifting of the forefoot in the vertical plane (see Fig. 13).

The training element can be made in the form of an insole, triangular in diagonal cross-section with a smooth narrowing in the direction from the outer heel to the inner toe, ensuring the rise of the outer heel of the foot and a smooth decrease in the diagonal direction of the front inner toe of the foot in the vertical plane (see. Fig. 14).

The training element can be made in the form of an insole, triangular in a diagonal section with a narrowing in the direction from the inner heel to the outer forefoot of the sole, providing the rise of the inner heel of the foot and a smooth decrease in the diagonal direction of the front outer forefoot in the vertical plane (see. Fig. 15).

The training element can be made in the form of an insole, triangular in a diagonal section with a narrowing in the direction from the outer toe to the inner heel of the foot, providing the rise of the outer toe of the foot and a smooth decrease in the diagonal direction of the inner heel of the foot in the vertical plane (see Fig. . 16).

The training element can be made in the form of an insole, triangular in diagonal cross-section with a narrowing in the direction from the inner forefoot to the outer heel part, providing the inner forefoot lift in the vertical plane and the turn of the foot outward (see Fig. 17).

The training element can be made in the form of a flat insole with a smooth inclination of the outer surface from the outer edge of the insole to the inner edge, providing lifting of the outer part of the foot in the horizontal plane and turning the foot inward (see Fig. 18).

The training element can be made in the form of a flat insole with a smooth inclination of the outer surface from the inner edge to the outer, providing the lifting of the inner part of the foot in the horizontal plane and turning the foot outward (see Fig. 19).

The training element can be made in the form of a part of a flat insole, located under the heel, arch and metatarsal, with a ledge under the metatarsophalangeal joints of the foot (see Fig. 20).

The training element can be made in the form of a convex hemisphere and is located in the central part of the sole, and the surface in contact with the foot provides deflection of the longitudinal arch of the foot along the convex surface (see Fig. 21).

The training element can be made in the form of a convex hemisphere, located in the central part of the sole, and the surface in contact with the foot provides deflection of the transverse arch of the foot along the convex surface (see Fig. 22).

The training element can be made in the form of an ellipsoid or a half-cylinder and is located between the big and middle toes of the foot (see Fig. 23a).

The training element can be made in the form of an insole, on which an ellipsoid or a half-cylinder is fixed between the big and middle toes (see Fig. 23b).

The training element can be made in the form of an elastic insole with an upward bend of the toe part of the foot, which unbends when walking under the action of the foot force (see Figures 24a, 24b). When walking, the toes press and lower the toe, experiencing the resistance of the insole.

The training element may additionally include an elastic knitted cover to allow the foot to slide on a smooth surface if the user is exercising without knitted socks (see Fig. 25). The knitted cover is fixed to the insole so as to ensure maximum sliding of the cover on a smooth surface. It is possible to use a training element with a smooth surface without a knitted cover, using a regular sock instead.

The training element can be made in the form of an insole with an additional elastic porous layer on the outer surface, for example, of expanded polyurethane, for example, as shown in FIG. 26.

Essentially, the extra elastic layer serves to provide comfort and cushioning when pressed with the foot on any of the above solid training elements during training. It can be glued with regular glue to the hard surface of the training element. Versions of the training element with an elastic porous layer are shown in FIG. 27а-к.

The elastic layer can partially cover the hard training element, for example just under the toes, as shown in FIG. 27k and in FIG. 28.

The claimed technical result is provided in the second embodiment of the shoe for strengthening the muscles of the foot and lower leg and training the general coordination of the body, which includes means for attaching the shoe to the foot made in the form of elastic belts fixed on the edges of the sole, a flat sole, the lower surface of which is in contact with the floor, and the upper one is made with a training element interacting with the user's foot, while the training element is made in the form of an insole with through cutouts with the possibility of passing belts through them.

The training element for this variant of the shoe is made in the form of an insole with holes for attaching tapes therein, as shown in FIG. 29.

Or the training element is made in the form of an insole with cutouts along the edge of the insole for attaching straps therein, as shown in FIG. thirty.

The claimed technical result is provided by another embodiment of the training element, which is made in the form of a multilayer insole, consisting of successive layers of different densities: a flat bottom layer, the outer surface of which is fixed on the upper surface of the sole, and a solid element in the form of an ellipse fixed on its inner surface or a semicircle located under the arch of the foot, an elastic foam intermediate layer with an opening for a hard element, and an upper flat layer, the outer surface of which is in contact with the foot, all layers held together by an adhesive layer (Fig. 31).

In this case, the lower layer is made, for example, of ethylene vinyl acetate, the intermediate layer is made of thermoplastic rubber, the hard element and the upper layer are made of polypropylene. The central rigid member has an elliptical or semicircular cross-section as shown in FIG. 31a, 31b, 31c, 31 g, 31d.

The central solid element serves as a support for the upper hard layer, which, due to the rounded surface of the central element, as shown, tilts tangentially in different directions under the load of the foot, acts as a hinge around which the foot can deflect in any direction by a small amplitude specified by the thickness of the insole. which ensures safety when walking and, at the same time, calibrated instability, which necessitates muscular stabilization of the lower extremities and back to maintain balance. FIG. 31e, 31g, 31z.

The claimed technical result is provided by a set for training, including shoes according to the first or second options and at least two training elements with the possibility of replacing them to change the type of training.

For example, a training kit may be comprised of a set of items shown in FIG. 32.

Shoes with training elements, due to which the following effects on the foot are realized: changing the position of the foot relative to the floor / ground surface (angle of inclination, height); for example, pressure on the foot (in a standing position or during a step) from the bottom of the training element due to the shock-absorbing, springy material, causing a responsive action of the muscles of the foot; for example, the shift of the foot during walking relative to the supporting surface due to a loosely fixed element with a small amplitude of movement in the composition of the insole / sole, etc.

The advantage is that the wearer of the shoe is forced to increase muscle activity while standing or walking in order to maintain good balance. Therefore, muscle toning and strengthening is achieved by simply standing or walking. Adjusting the balance and taking steps on the part of the user requires additional muscle activity.

When the imbalance is properly calibrated, it is barely noticeable to the wearer. However, after several steps have been taken and used to achieve good physical condition during a normal lifestyle, the additional muscle activity required can help increase the strength and fitness of muscle groups, especially as part of an exercise regimen or recovery. Most preferably, the shoes should be worn frequently and as part of a discreet daily exercise and recovery regimen.

Description of drawings

FIG. 1 shows shoe models with different options for fastening on the foot.

FIG. 2 shows a shoe with a training element, in which the connection is made in the form of protrusions and corresponding grooves.

FIG. 3 shows a shoe with a training element in the form of a half-cylinder, fixed on the upper surface of the sole along its longitudinal axis by means of a tongue-groove connection.

FIG. 4 shows a shoe with a training element in the form of a flat insole in the shape of a sole with different thicknesses.

FIG. 5 shows a shoe with a training element in the form of an insole with a half-cylinder along the longitudinal axis, fixed on the outer surface of the sole by means of “spike-groove” connections.

FIG. 6 shows a shoe with a training element in the form of an insole with a half-cylinder along the longitudinal axis, fixed on the outer surface of the sole by means of buttons.

FIG. 7 shows a shoe with a training element in the form of a flat insole, on the upper surface of which, under the arch or under the heel part of the foot, perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, a semi-cylinder is located, fixed on the outer surface of the sole by means of a spike connection.

FIG. 8 shows a shoe with a training element in the form of a triangular sole segment in cross-section, with a narrowing towards the inner edge of the sole, and is located under the outer side of the foot, providing the lifting of the outer edge of the foot in the horizontal plane and turning the foot inward.

FIG. 9 shows a shoe with a training element in the form of a sole segment, triangular in cross-section, with a smooth taper towards the outer edge of the sole, fixed on the outer surface of the sole by means of a spike connection, providing the rise of the inner edge of the foot in the horizontal plane and turning the foot outward.

FIG. 10, 11 show a shoe with a training element in the form of a segment of the forefoot, triangular in cross-section, gradually tapering towards the central part of the sole, fixed on the outer surface of the sole by means of “tongue-groove” joints, providing a vertical lift of the forefoot.

FIG. 12 shows a shoe with a training element in the form of a flat insole, on the upper surface of which in the toe part there is a segment, triangular in cross-section, with a smooth taper towards the central part of the insole, fixed on the upper surface of the sole by means of a tongue-groove connection; and in FIG. ... 13 by means of a tongue-and-groove connection.

FIG. 14 shows a shoe with a training element in the form of an insole, triangular in diagonal cross-section with a smooth taper in the direction from the outer heel to the inner toe, fixed on the upper surface of the sole, by means of a "tongue-groove" connection, providing the rise of the outer heel of the foot and smooth decrease in the diagonal direction of the front inner toe of the foot in the vertical plane.

FIG. 15 shows a shoe with a training element in the form of an insole, triangular in diagonal section with a taper in the direction from the inner heel to the outer forefoot of the sole, fixed on the upper surface of the sole, by means of a "tongue-groove" connection, providing the rise of the inner heel of the foot and smooth decrease in the diagonal direction of the front outer toe of the foot in the vertical plane.

FIG. 16 shows a shoe with a training element in the form of an insole, triangular in a diagonal section with a taper in the direction from the outer forefoot to the inner heel, fixed on the upper surface of the sole, by means of a tongue-and-groove connection, ensuring the rise of the outer forefoot and smooth lowering in the diagonal direction of the inner heel of the foot in the vertical plane.

FIG. 17 shows a shoe with a training element in the form of a flat insole, triangular in diagonal cross-section with a taper in the direction from the inner edge of the toe portion of the insole to the outer edge of the heel portion fixed on the upper surface of the sole by means of a tongue-and-groove connection, providing the rise of the inner toe portion feet in a vertical plane and turn the foot outward.

FIG. 18 shows a shoe with a training element in the form of a flat insole with a smooth inclination of the outer surface from the outer edge of the insole to the inner one, fixed on the upper surface of the sole by means of a “tongue-groove” connection, providing the lifting of the outer part of the foot in the horizontal plane and turning the foot inward.

FIG. 19 shows a shoe with a training element in the form of a flat insole with a smooth inclination of the outer surface from the inner edge to the outer, fixed on the upper surface of the sole by means of a “tongue-groove” connection, providing the lifting of the inner part of the foot in the horizontal plane and turning the foot outward.

FIG. 20 shows a shoe with a training element in the form of a part of a flat insole, located under the heel, arch and metatarsal, with a step under the metatarsophalangeal joints of the foot, fixed on the upper surface of the sole.

FIG. 21 shows a shoe with a training element in the form of a convex hemisphere located in the central part of the sole, and the surface in contact with the foot provides deflection of the longitudinal arch of the foot along the convex surface.

FIG. 22 shows a shoe with a training element in the form of a convex hemisphere located in the central part of the sole, and the surface in contact with the foot provides deflection of the transverse arch of the foot along the convex surface.

FIG. 23a, 23b show a shoe with a training element in the form of an ellipsoid, a half-cylinder, located between the big and middle toes of the foot.

FIG. 24 shows a shoe with a training element in the form of an elastic insole with an upward bend of the toe, which, when walking, unbends under the action of the foot force.

FIG. 25 shows a shoe with a training element consisting of an insole made of a smooth glossy material and an elastic knitted cover.

FIG. 26 shows variants of shoes with a training element made with an elastic layer on the outer surface.

FIG. 27a-k show variants of the elastic layer on the outer surface of the shoe.

FIG. 28 presents a shoe with a training element, in which the training element is made with an additional elastic layer under the toes.

FIG. 29 shows a variant of the shoe, in which the means for attaching the shoe to the foot is made in the form of textile tapes (belts) fixed along the edges of the sole, and the training element is made in the form of an insole with holes for attaching tapes therein.

FIG. 30 shows a variant of the shoe, in which the means for attaching the shoe to the foot is made in the form of textile tapes (belts) fixed along the edges of the sole, and the training element is made in the form of an insole with cutouts along the edge of the insole for attaching tapes therein.

FIG. 31 a-h show shoes with a training element in the form of a multilayer insole, consisting of successive layers of different densities: a flat bottom layer, the outer surface of which is fixed on the upper surface of the sole, and a solid element fixed on its inner surface in the form of an ellipse or a semicircle located under the arch of the foot, an elastic foam intermediate layer with an opening for a hard element, and an upper flat layer, the outer surface of which is in contact with the foot, all layers held together by an adhesive layer.

FIG. 32 a set of insoles and shoe inserts for training.

FIG. 33 shows examples of training using shoes.

FIG. 34 shows the result of training, according to example 16.

Examples of using the invention

Example 1.

FIG. 19 shows a shoe with a training element in the form of a flat insole with a smooth inclination of the outer surface from the inner edge to the outer, fixed on the upper surface of the sole, by means of a “protrusion-groove” connection, providing the inner part of the foot lifting in a horizontal plane and turning the foot outward. When using such shoes, the following muscles are trained.

Training the muscles of the foot: plantar interosseous muscles, vermiform muscles, plantar aponeurosis, dorsal interosseous muscles.

Calf muscle training: posterior tibial muscle (to a lesser extent), anterior tibial muscle (to a greater extent), peroneal longus muscle.

Recommended : improvement of general physical fitness, prevention and treatment of transverse flat feet; training time 15-20 minutes every other day.

Results: when wearing shoes for 15 minutes every other day for 1.5 months, the arch of the foot rose noticeably in a girl with flat feet, which can be seen from the foot prints "before" and "after" in FIG. 34, the legs stopped getting tired when walking, there was a general increase in the tone of the leg muscles.

Example 2.

FIG. 18 shows a shoe with a training element in the form of a flat insole with a smooth inclination of the outer surface from the outer edge of the insole to the inner one, fixed on the upper surface of the sole, by means of a “protrusion-groove” connection, providing the lifting of the outer part of the foot in the horizontal plane and turning the foot inward. When using such shoes, the following muscles are trained.

Training the muscles of the foot: plantar interosseous muscles, vermiform muscles, plantar aponeurosis, dorsal interosseous muscles.

Calf muscle training : posterior tibial muscle (to a greater extent), anterior tibial muscle (to a lesser extent), long peroneal muscle, short peroneal muscle, third peroneal muscle, lower retainer peroneal tendons, lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle.

Recommended : improvement of general physical fitness, a simulator for the prevention and treatment of various forms of clubfoot, training time 15-20 minutes a day.

Example 3.

When using (training) a shoe that combines two different training elements, the training element shown in FIG. 19, while the right-hand element shown in FIG. 18. Thus, asymmetric training is provided, causing the need for muscular stabilization of the lower limbs and back to maintain balance.

Training the muscles of the foot of the left leg: plantar interosseous muscles, vermiform muscles, plantar aponeurosis, dorsal interosseous muscles.

Training the muscles of the lower leg of the left leg : posterior tibial muscle (to a lesser extent), anterior tibial muscle (to a greater extent), peroneal longus muscle.

Right foot muscle training :plantar interosseous muscles, vermiform muscles, plantar aponeurosis, dorsal interosseous muscles.

Training the muscles of the lower leg of the right leg : posterior tibial muscle (to a greater extent), anterior tibial muscle (to a lesser extent), long peroneal muscle, short peroneal muscle, third peroneal muscle, inferior peroneal tendon retainer, lateral head gastrocnemius muscle.

Recommended : improvement of general physical fitness, prevention and treatment of transverse flatfoot, simulator for the prevention and treatment of various forms of clubfoot, training time 15-20 minutes per day...

Example 4.

When using (training) a shoe that combines two different training elements, the training element shown in FIG. 18, while the right-hand element shown in FIG. 19. Thus, asymmetric training is provided, causing the need for muscular stabilization of the lower limbs and back to maintain balance.

Training the muscles of the foot of the left leg : plantar interosseous muscles, vermiform muscles, plantar aponeurosis, dorsal interosseous muscles.

Training the muscles of the lower leg of the left leg : tibialis posterior muscle (to a greater extent), tibialis anterior muscle (to a lesser extent), peroneal longus muscle, peroneus short muscle, third peroneal muscle, inferior peroneal tendon retainer, lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle.

Right foot muscle training :plantar interosseous muscles, vermiform muscles, plantar aponeurosis, dorsal interosseous muscles.

Calf muscle training right leg : posterior tibial muscle (to a lesser extent), anterior tibial muscle (to a greater extent), peroneal longus muscle.

Recommended : improving general physical fitness, prevention and treatment of transverse flatfoot, exercise machine for the prevention and treatment of various forms of clubfoot; workout time 15-20 minutes a day.

Example 5.

FIG. 9 shows a shoe with a training element in the form of a sole segment, triangular in cross-section, with a smooth taper towards the outer edge of the sole, fixed on the outer surface of the sole by means of a spike connection, providing the rise of the inner edge of the foot in the horizontal plane and turning the foot outward. When using such shoes, the following muscles are trained.

Training the muscles of the foot : plantar interosseous muscles, vermiform muscles, plantar aponeurosis, dorsal interosseous muscles.

Calf muscle training: posterior tibial muscle (to a lesser extent), anterior tibial muscle (to a greater extent), peroneal longus muscle.

Recommended :improvement of general physical fitness, prevention and treatment of transverse flat feet; workout time 15-20 minutes per day...

Example 6.

FIG. 8 shows a shoe with a training element in the form of a triangular sole segment in cross-section, with a narrowing towards the inner edge of the sole, and is located under the outer side of the foot, providing the lifting of the outer edge of the foot in the horizontal plane and turning the foot inward. When using such shoes, the following muscles are trained.

Training the muscles of the foot : plantar interosseous muscles, vermiform muscles, plantar aponeurosis, dorsal interosseous muscles.

Calf muscle training: posterior tibial muscle (to a greater extent), anterior tibial muscle (to a lesser extent), long peroneal muscle, short peroneal muscle, third peroneal muscle, lower tendon retainer of the peroneal muscles, lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle.

Recommended : improving general physical fitness, a simulator for the prevention and treatment of various forms of clubfoot; workout time 15-20 minutes a day.

Example 7.

FIG. 10-13 show a shoe with a training element in the form of a segment of the forefoot, triangular in cross-section, gradually tapering towards the central part of the sole, fixed on the outer surface of the sole by means of tongue-and-groove joints, providing a vertical lift of the forefoot. When using such shoes, the following muscles are trained.

Training the muscles of the foot : plantar interosseous muscles, vermiform muscles, plantar aponeurosis, dorsal interosseous muscles, short extensor of the fingers, short extensor of the big toe, tendons of the long extensor of the toes, tendons of the long extensor of the big toe.

Calf muscle training : calf muscle.

Recommended : increase in general physical fitness, rehabilitation for injuries of the extensors of the fingers, with the restoration of damage to the peroneal nerve; workout time 15-20 minutes a day.

results : a girl working in a beauty salon with the need to wear high heels during working hours, when wearing shoes at home after work, for 15-20 minutes a day for 2 months, her legs stopped hurting and swelling in the evening.

Example 8.

FIG. 24 shows a shoe with a training element in the form of an elastic insole with an upward bend of the toe, which, when walking, unbends under the action of the foot force. When walking, the toes press and lower the toe, experiencing the resistance of the insole. When using such shoes, the following muscles are trained.

Training the muscles of the foot: plantar interosseous muscles, vermiform muscles, plantar aponeurosis, dorsal interosseous muscles, flexor digitorum of the little toe, flexor digitorum longus tendons, flexor digitorum tendons, flexor digitorum of the big toe, long flexor of the big toe tendon, short toe flexor, short extensor the short extensor of the big toe, the tendons of the long extensor of the toes, the tendons of the long extensor of the big toe.

Calf muscle training: calf muscle.

Recommended : finger flexor muscle and tendon trainer; workout time 15-20 minutes a day.

Example 9.

FIG. 12 shows a shoe with a toe-segment-shaped training element, triangular in cross-section, gradually tapering towards the central part of the sole, fixed to the outer surface of the sole by means of tenon-groove joints, allowing the toe-toe to rise in a vertical plane. When using such shoes, the following muscles are trained.

Training the muscles of the foot : plantar interosseous muscles, vermiform muscles, plantar aponeurosis, dorsal interosseous muscles.

Calf muscle training : gastrocnemius muscle, soleus muscle.

Recommended : relaxation and stretching of the posterior calf muscles for those who wear high heels, rehabilitation of the shortening of the Achilles tendon and training of the posterior calf muscle group; workout time 15-20 minutes a day.

Example 10.

FIG. 14 shows a shoe with a training element in the form of an insole, triangular in diagonal cross-section with a smooth taper in the direction from the outer heel to the inner toe, fixed on the upper surface of the sole, by means of a "tongue-groove" connection, providing the rise of the outer heel of the foot and smooth lowering in a diagonal direction to the front inner forefoot in the vertical plane. When using such shoes, the following muscles are trained.

Training the muscles of the foot : plantar interosseous muscles, vermiform muscles, plantar aponeurosis, dorsal interosseous muscles.

Calf muscle training : tibialis posterior muscle (to a greater extent), tibialis anterior muscle (to a lesser extent), peroneal longus muscle, peroneus short muscle, third peroneal muscle, inferior peroneal tendon retainer, lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle.

Recommended : improving general physical fitness, prevention and treatment of various forms of clubfoot; workout time 15-20 minutes a day.

Example 11.

FIG. 15 shows a shoe with a training element in the form of an insole, triangular in diagonal section with a taper in the direction from the inner heel to the outer forefoot of the sole, fixed on the upper surface of the sole, by means of a "tongue-groove" connection, providing the rise of the inner heel of the foot and smooth lowering in a diagonal direction to the front outer toes of the foot in the vertical plane. When using such shoes, the following muscles are trained.

Training the muscles of the foot : plantar interosseous muscles, vermiform muscles, plantar aponeurosis, dorsal interosseous muscles.

Calf muscle training : posterior tibial muscle (to a lesser extent), anterior tibial muscle (to a greater extent), peroneal longus muscle...

Recommended : improvement of general physical fitness, prevention and treatment of transverse flat feet; workout time 15-20 minutes a day.

Example 12.

FIG. 16 shows a shoe with a training element in the form of an insole, triangular in diagonal cross-section with a taper in the direction from the outer forefoot to the inner heel of the foot, fixed on the upper surface of the sole, by means of a "tenon-groove" connection, providing the rise of the outer forefoot and smooth lowering in a diagonal direction to the inner heel of the foot in the vertical plane. When using such shoes, the following muscles are trained.

Training the muscles of the foot : plantar interosseous muscles, vermiform muscles, plantar aponeurosis, dorsal interosseous muscles.

Calf muscle training: gastrocnemius muscle, soleus muscle, posterior tibial muscle (to a greater extent), anterior tibial muscle (to a lesser extent), long peroneal muscle, short peroneal muscle, third peroneal muscle, lower tendon retainer of the peroneal muscles, lateral head of the calf.

Recommended: improvement of general physical fitness, prevention and treatment of various forms of clubfoot, training of the back muscle of the lower leg for those who wear high heels. Workout time 15-20 minutes a day.

Example 13.

FIG. 17 shows a shoe with a training element in the form of an insole, triangular in cross-section, gradually tapering in a diagonal direction from the inner side of the forefoot to the outer side of the heel of the sole, allowing the inner forefoot to rise in a vertical plane. When using such shoes, the following muscles are trained.

Training the muscles of the foot : plantar interosseous muscles, vermiform muscles, plantar aponeurosis, dorsal interosseous muscles.

Calf muscle training : gastrocnemius muscle, soleus muscle, posterior tibial muscle (to a lesser extent), anterior tibial muscle (to a greater extent), peroneal longus muscle.

Recommended: improvement of general physical fitness, prevention and treatment of transverse flat feet, training of the posterior leg muscles for those who wear high heels. Workout time 15-20 minutes a day.

Example 14.

FIG. 20 shows a shoe with a training element in the form of an insole with a flat element in the form of a sole segment located under the heel, arch and metatarsal, providing a height difference under the metatarsophalangeal joints of the foot. When using such shoes, the following muscles are trained.

Training the muscles of the foot : plantar interosseous muscles, vermiform muscles, plantar aponeurosis, dorsal interosseous muscles, flexor digitorum of the little toe, flexor digitorum longus tendons, flexor digitorum tendons, flexor digitorum of the big toe, longus flexor tendon of the big toe, flexor short toes.

Recommended : finger flexor muscle and tendon trainer, rehabilitation after tendon injuries, rehabilitation in neurological pathology of the lower extremities; class time 15-20 minutes a day.

Example 15.

FIG. 7 shows a shoe with a training element in the form of a flat insole, on the upper surface of which, under the arch or under the heel part of the foot, perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, there is a semi-cylinder fixed on the outer surface of the sole by means of a spike connection. When using such shoes, the following muscles are trained.

Training the muscles of the foot : plantar interosseous muscles, vermiform muscles, plantar aponeurosis, dorsal interosseous muscles.

Calf muscle training : all muscles of the lower leg except soleus and calf muscles.

Recommended : simulator for the prevention and treatment of longitudinal flat feet; training time 15-20 minutes every other day.

Results: when wearing shoes for 15 minutes every other day for 1.5 months, the arch of the foot rose noticeably in a girl with flat feet, which can be seen in Fig. 33 of the foot prints “before” and “after”, the legs stopped getting tired when walking, there was a general increase in the tone of the leg muscles.

Example 16.

FIG. 3, 5, 6 show shoes with a training element in the form of a half-cylinder (or an insole with a half-cylinder), located on the upper surface of the insole in contact with the foot, along the longitudinal axis of the sole. When using such shoes, the following muscles are trained.

Training the muscles of the foot : plantar interosseous muscles, vermiform muscles, plantar aponeurosis, dorsal interosseous muscles, abductor big toe.

Calf muscle training : all peroneal and tibialis anterior muscles, lateral stabilizers of the ankle.

Recommended : strengthening of the deltoid and peroneal ligaments of the foot, prevention and treatment of transverse flatfoot (to a greater extent), prevention and treatment of longitudinal flatfoot (to a lesser extent); class time 15-20 minutes every other day.

Results: when wearing shoes for 15 minutes every other day for 1.5 months, the arch of the foot rose noticeably in a girl with flat feet, which can be seen in Fig. 34 of the footprints “before” and “after”, the legs stopped getting tired when walking, there was a general increase in the tone of the leg muscles.

Example 17.

FIG. 21 shows a shoe with a training element in the form of a convex hemisphere located in the central part of the sole, and the surface in contact with the foot provides deflection of the transverse arch of the foot along the convex surface. When using such shoes, the following muscles are trained.

Calf muscle training : gastrocnemius muscle, soleus muscle.

Recommended : rehabilitation after injuries to the forefoot or hindfoot, support on the midfoot; class time 15-20 minutes.

Example 18.

FIG. 22 shows a shoe with a training element in the form of a convex hemisphere, located in the central part of the sole, and the surface in contact with the foot provides deflection of the longitudinal arch of the foot along the convex surface. When using such shoes, the following muscles are trained.

Training the muscles of the foot : plantar interosseous muscles, vermiform muscles, plantar aponeurosis, dorsal interosseous muscles, abductor big toe.

Calf muscle training: all peroneal and anterior tibial, lateral ankle stabilizers.

Recommended : improvement of general physical fitness, evening relaxation. Prevention and treatment of transverse flat feet, prevention and treatment of longitudinal flat feet; class time 15-20 minutes.

Example 19 ...

FIG. 23 shows a shoe with a training element in the form of an ellipsoid, a half-cylinder, located between the big and middle toes. The training elements are replaceable, of different sizes. When using such shoes, the following muscles are trained.

Training the muscles of the foot : plantar interosseous muscles, vermiform muscles, plantar aponeurosis, dorsal interosseous muscles, abductor big toe.

Recommended : as a conservative treatment and rehabilitation after Hallux valgus surgery; class time 15-20 minutes.

Example 20.

FIG. 4 shows a shoe with a training element in the form of a flat insole in the shape of a sole with different thicknesses for the left and right feet. When using such shoes, the following muscles are trained.

Muscle training : deep pelvic muscles, gluteal muscles, knee muscles.

Recommended: increase in general physical fitness with the main load on the hips, relaxation with a time limit of 10-15 minutes and a mandatory change in asymmetry. As correction shoes for asymmetry of the lower extremities.

Result: the client, in the process of rehabilitation and training after a hip injury, wearing shoes for 10-15 minutes a day with a change in asymmetry during one workout, within 1 month the pains noticeably decreased, an increase in the tone of the muscles of the legs and gluteal muscles was observed.

Example 21.

FIG. 25 shows a shoe in which the training element is made in the form of an insole with a smooth sliding surface, for example, a paper one with an adhesive layer for gluing to the insole, and an additional elastic cover, so as to ensure maximum sliding of the cover on a smooth surface.

Muscle training : all muscles of the lower extremities (feet, legs, thighs, pelvis), back muscles.

Recommended : increase in general physical fitness without limitation on the time of use. The instability of the foot on the support causes the need for muscular stabilization of the lower limbs and back to maintain balance.

Claims (57)

1. Shoes for strengthening the muscles of the foot and lower leg and training general body coordination, including a means for attaching the shoe to the user's foot, a flat sole, the lower surface of which is in contact with the floor, and the upper is made with a training element interacting with the user's foot, characterized in that that the training element is made with the possibility of replacing it to change the type of training and is fixed in the upper layer of the sole by means of a spike connection, or buttons, or an adhesive layer, or a textile fastener. 2. Shoes according to claim. 1, characterized in that the spike connection is a joint of the “thorn-groove” or “protrusion-groove” type, and the textile fastener is “Velcro”. 3. Footwear according to claim 1, characterized in that it is a slipper or sandal with an attachment on the leg. 4. Footwear according to claim 1, characterized in that it is made of elastic polymeric material, rubber, PVC, ethylene vinyl acetate, polyurethane, polypropylene, foamed polymeric material. 5. Shoes according to claim. 1, characterized in that the training element is made with an additional elastic porous layer on the outer surface of foamed polyurethane. 6. Footwear according to claim 1, characterized in that it is intended to be worn both on the right and on the left foot. 7. Shoes according to claim. 1, characterized in that the spike connection is made in the form of protrusions and corresponding grooves located on the contacting surfaces of the training element and the upper surface of the sole. 8. Shoes according to claim. 1, characterized in that the spike connection is made in the form of spikes and corresponding perforations located on the contacting surfaces of the training element and the upper surface of the sole. 9. Shoes according to claim 1, characterized in that the training element is made in the form of a flat insole with a thickness of 5-60 mm. 10. Shoes according to claim. 1, characterized in that the training element is made in the form of a flat insole with a smooth outer surface, which provides sliding of the foot on a smooth surface. 11. Shoes according to claim 10, characterized in that the training element additionally includes an elastic knitted cover that allows the foot to slide on a smooth surface. 12. Shoes according to claim 1, characterized in that the training element is made in the form of a half-cylinder or polyhedron, the base of which is fixed on the upper surface of the sole along its longitudinal axis. 13. Footwear according to claim 1, characterized in that the training element is made in the form of an insole with a semi-cylinder or polyhedron fixed on its upper surface along the longitudinal axis. 14. Shoes according to claim 1, characterized in that the training element is made in the form of a half-cylinder or polyhedron, the base of which is fixed on the upper surface of the sole, along the width of the sole under the arch of the foot or under the heel part of the foot, perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the sole. 15. Footwear according to claim 1, characterized in that the training element is made in the form of a flat insole, on the upper surface of which, under the arch or under the heel part of the foot, perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, a semi-cylinder or polyhedron is located. 16. Shoes according to claim 1, characterized in that the training element is made in the form of a triangular sole segment in cross-section, with a narrowing towards the inner edge of the sole, and is located under the outer side of the foot, providing lifting of the outer edge of the foot in a horizontal plane and turning the foot inward ... 17. Footwear according to claim 1, characterized in that the training element is made in the form of a sole segment, triangular in cross-section, with a smooth taper towards the outer edge of the sole, ensuring the rise of the inner edge of the foot in the horizontal plane and turning the foot outward. 18. Shoes according to claim. 1, characterized in that the training element is made in the form of a segment of the forefoot part of the sole, triangular in cross-section, gradually tapering towards the central part of the sole, providing the lifting of the forefoot part in the vertical plane. 19. Shoes according to claim. 1, characterized in that the training element is made in the form of a segment of the forefoot part of the sole, trapezoidal in cross-section, with a smooth bevel towards the central part of the sole, providing the lifting of the forefoot part of the foot in a vertical plane. 20. Shoes according to claim. 1, characterized in that the training element is made in the form of a flat insole, on the upper surface of which in the forefoot there is a segment, triangular in cross-section, with a smooth tapering towards the central part of the insole, providing a vertical rise of the forefoot plane. 21. Shoes according to claim. 1, characterized in that the training element is made in the form of an insole, triangular in diagonal cross-section with a smooth taper in the direction from the outer heel to the inner toe, providing the rise of the outer heel of the foot and a smooth decrease in the diagonal direction of the front the inner toe of the foot in a vertical plane. 22. Shoes according to claim. 1, characterized in that the training element is made in the form of an insole, triangular in diagonal section with a narrowing in the direction from the inner heel to the outer toe of the sole, providing the rise of the inner heel of the foot and a smooth decrease in the diagonal direction of the front the outer forefoot in a vertical plane. 23. Shoes according to claim 1, characterized in that the training element is made in the form of an insole, triangular in diagonal cross-section with a narrowing in the direction from the outer toe to the inner heel of the foot, providing the rise of the outer toe of the foot and a smooth decrease in the diagonal direction of the inner the heel of the foot in the vertical plane. 24. Shoes according to claim. 1, characterized in that the training element is made in the form of an insole, triangular in diagonal cross-section with a narrowing in the direction from the inner forefoot to the outer heel part, providing the inner forefoot part of the foot lifts in the vertical plane and the foot turns outward. 25. Shoes according to claim. 1, characterized in that the training element is made in the form of a flat insole with a smooth inclination of the outer surface from the outer edge of the insole to the inner edge, providing lifting of the outer part of the foot in the horizontal plane and turning the foot inward. 26. Footwear according to claim. 1, characterized in that the training element is made in the form of a flat insole with a smooth inclination of the outer surface from the inner edge to the outer, providing lifting of the inner part of the foot in the horizontal plane and turning the foot outward. 27. Footwear according to claim. 1, characterized in that the training element is made in the form of a part of a flat insole, located under the heel, arch and metatarsal, with a ledge under the metatarsophalangeal joints of the foot. 28. Shoes according to claim. 1, characterized in that the training element is made in the form of a convex hemisphere located in the central part of the sole, and the surface in contact with the foot provides deflection of the transverse arch of the foot along the convex surface. 29. Shoes according to claim. 1, characterized in that the training element is made in the form of a convex hemisphere and is located in the central part of the sole, and the surface in contact with the foot provides deflection of the longitudinal arch of the foot along the convex surface. 30. Shoes according to claim 1, characterized in that the training element is made in the form of an ellipsoid or a half-cylinder and is located between the big and middle toes of the foot. 31. Shoes according to claim. 1, characterized in that the training element is made in the form of an insole, on which an ellipsoid or a half-cylinder is fixed between the big and middle toes of the foot. 32. Shoes according to claim. 1, characterized in that the training element is made in the form of an elastic insole with an upward bend of the toe part, with the possibility of unbending when walking under the action of the foot force. 33. Footwear according to claim 1, characterized in that the training element is made in the form of a multilayer insole, consisting of sequentially arranged layers of different densities: a flat bottom layer, the outer surface of which is fixed on the upper surface of the sole, and a solid element fixed on its inner surface in in the form of an ellipse or semicircle located under the arch of the foot, an intermediate layer of elastic foam with a hole for a solid element, and an upper flat layer, the outer surface of which is in contact with the foot, and the layers are held together by an adhesive layer. 34. Footwear according to claim 33, characterized in that the lower layer is made of ethylene vinyl acetate, the intermediate layer is made of thermoplastic rubber, the solid element and the upper layer are made of polypropylene. 35. Shoes for strengthening the muscles of the foot and lower leg and training general body coordination, including means intended for attaching the shoe to the user's foot, a flat sole, the lower surface of which is in contact with the floor, and the upper is made with a training element interacting with the user's foot, characterized in that that the means for attaching the shoe to the foot is made in the form of elastic belts fixed at the edges of the sole, and the training element in the form of an insole is made with through cutouts for passing the belts through them with the possibility of replacing it. 36. Shoes according to claim. 35, characterized in that the cutouts on the edges of the training element are made in the form of holes of any shape. 37. Footwear according to claim 35, characterized in that it is made of an elastic polymer material, or rubber, or PVC, or polyurethane. 38. Footwear according to claim 35, characterized in that the training element is made with an additional elastic porous layer on the outer surface of foamed polyurethane. 39. Footwear according to claim 35, characterized in that it is intended to be worn both on the right and on the left foot. 40. Shoes according to claim 35, characterized in that the training element is made in the form of a flat insole with a thickness of 5-60 mm. 41. Footwear according to claim. 35, characterized in that the training element is made in the form of a flat insole with a smooth outer surface, providing sliding of the foot on a smooth surface. 42. Shoes according to claim. 35, characterized in that the training element is made with a semi-cylinder or polyhedron fixed on the upper surface along its longitudinal axis. 43. Shoes according to claim 35, characterized in that the training element is made with a semi-cylinder or polyhedron fixed on the upper surface under the arch or under the heel portion of the foot, perpendicular to the longitudinal axis. 44. Shoes according to claim 35, characterized in that on the upper surface of the training element in the forefoot part there is a segment triangular in cross-section, with a smooth taper towards the central part of the insole, providing a rise of the forefoot part of the foot in a vertical plane. 45. Shoes according to claim 35, characterized in that the training element is triangular in diagonal section with a smooth narrowing in the direction from the outer heel to the inner toe, providing the rise of the outer heel of the foot and a smooth decrease in the diagonal direction of the front inner toe of the foot in the vertical plane. 46. Footwear according to claim 35, characterized in that the training element is made triangular in diagonal section with a narrowing in the direction from the inner heel to the outer forefoot of the sole, providing the rise of the inner heel of the foot and a smooth decrease in the diagonal direction of the front outer forefoot in the vertical plane. 47. Shoes according to claim 35, characterized in that the training element is triangular in diagonal cross-section with a narrowing in the direction from the outer toe to the inner heel of the foot, providing the rise of the outer toe of the foot and a smooth decrease in the diagonal direction of the inner heel of the foot in vertical plane. 48. Shoes according to claim 35, characterized in that the training element is triangular in diagonal cross-section with a narrowing in the direction from the inner forefoot to the outer heel part, ensuring the rise of the inner forefoot in the vertical plane and turning the foot outward. 49. Shoes according to claim. 35, characterized in that the training element is made with a smooth inclination of the outer surface from the outer edge of the insole to the inner edge, providing lifting of the outer part of the foot in a horizontal plane and turning the foot inward. 50. Shoes according to claim. 35, characterized in that the training element is made with a smooth inclination of the outer surface from the inner edge to the outer, ensuring the rise of the inner part of the foot in the horizontal plane and turning the foot outward. 51. Footwear according to claim 35, characterized in that the training element is made with a flat thickening located under the heel, arch and metatarsal, forming a ledge under the metatarsophalangeal joints of the foot. 52. Shoes according to claim 35, characterized in that the training element is made in the form of a convex hemisphere, and the surface in contact with the foot provides deflection of the transverse arch of the foot along the convex surface. 53. Shoes according to claim 35, characterized in that the training element is made in the form of a convex hemisphere, and the surface in contact with the foot provides deflection of the longitudinal arch of the foot along the convex surface. 54. Shoes according to claim. 35, characterized in that the training element includes an ellipsoid or a half-cylinder fixed between the big and middle toes. 55. Footwear according to claim 35, characterized in that the training element is made in the form of an elastic insole with an upward bend of the toe portion of the foot, which unbends when walking under the action of the foot force. 56. Shoes according to claim 35, characterized in that the training element is made in the form of a multilayer insole, consisting of a sequentially arranged flat bottom layer, the outer surface of which is fixed on the upper surface of the sole, and on the inner surface under the arch of the foot is fixed an ellipse or cylinder, intermediate a layer of resilient foam and a top flat layer, the outer surface of which is in contact with the foot. 57. A training kit, characterized in that it includes shoes according to claim 1 or 35 and at least two training elements with the possibility of replacing them to change the type of training.

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