RU2755748C1 - Apparatus for imparting the initial velocity to a projectile (bullet) of small arms - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons.SUBSTANCE: apparatus for imparting the initial velocity to a projectile of small arms includes a weapon barrel, the bore whereof is connected with a charge combustion chamber, a tool for feeding a projectile into the barrel, a trigger mechanism, and a charge igniting tool. The charge combustion chamber is made in the form of a single hollow conical figure connected with the bore of the barrel, mounted on the sides whereof are a tool for supplying the charge to the combustion chamber and one pair of spark gap electrodes for the charge igniting tool made in the form of an electric power source and converter thereof to high voltage power with multiple supply of each discharge to the spark gap electrodes with a frequency of 30 to 15000 Hz for 0.005 to 0.5 s. Antifreeze and, e.g., alcohol, sugar, hydrocarbonate, sulphate, chloride and other solutions can be used as water and/or aqueous solutions for spraying in the combustion chamber in order to obtain a charge.EFFECT: structural simplification of the projectile for small arms.5 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of creating designs of small arms, in particular to the means used as a charge and its ignition for firing a shot and giving the projectile (bullet) the required initial velocity, which can be used in small arms - pistols, rifles, machine guns, machine guns, including large-caliber, etc.

Known combat cartridge, consisting of a sleeve with mounted projectile (bullet), propellant charge (gunpowder), primer of the igniter mounted in it. See How small arms cartridges work. armory-online.ru> articles ... kak ... patronyi ... oruzhiya. The powder charge placed in the case when ignited from impact on the primer provides the creation of a given pressure in the cavity of the case and in the barrel of the weapon to give the projectile the initial velocity required for flight.

The disadvantages of the known cartridges can be attributed to the complexity of the design and high material costs for the production of cartridge elements - a sleeve, a primer, gunpowder. In addition, requirements are imposed on the cartridges for tightness at the junction of the bullet with the sleeve.

Attempts to find another more effective means of creating a given pressure on the projectile in the liner cavity instead of a powder charge continue to the present. So, when equipping the cartridge case with an explosive, it led to the rupture of the barrel and the destruction of the weapon.

A known method of converting the energy of an electrohydraulic shock, see RF patent No. 2157893, IPC F01B 29/10, - A method of converting the energy of an electrohydraulic shock into mechanical energy by implementing high-voltage electrical discharges inside the volume of a liquid contained in a working chamber, with the formation of hydraulic pressures around the discharge zone, under the influence of which the working body placed in the working chamber performs useful mechanical work, while the frequency of movement of the working body (piston) is regulated by changing the frequency and power of high-voltage electrical discharges, and the moment of occurrence of an electric discharge in the liquid is synchronized with the position of the working body. By alternate electro-hydraulic shocks through the liquid on both working sides of the piston, a symmetrical reciprocating mechanical movement of the free-running piston is carried out. The energy of the electro-hydraulic shock of the liquid in the working chamber is converted directly into the rotational motion of the working body, for example, the turbine is rotated by alternate electro-hydraulic shocks of the liquid on the turbine blades, and its speed is regulated by changing the repetition rate and power of high-voltage electric discharges.

The disadvantages of the known electrohydraulic shock include the severe impact of the shock wave on the walls of the container, in which a high-voltage discharge is produced, leading to the destruction of this container. The use of electrohydraulic shock in small arms to create the required pressure on the projectile does not provide the required initial velocity of the projectile and is associated with the difficulties of creating additional devices that convert the pressure created by the electrohydraulic shock into pressure acting on the projectile.

Known devices that use the energy of ignition of a mixture of oxygen and hydrogen to create a reactive force for launching rockets. It is known that the highest specific impulse obtained from the combustion of the rocket fuel in the rocket engine is in the oxygen + hydrogen pair, which is 4.4 km / s. See "Military Review. Armament. Energy of rocket fuels. October 4, 2019 ". However, the use of this fuel is limited by its large overall dimensions and low specific gravity of the gaseous components of the fuel - oxygen and hydrogen. The specific impulse of the oxygen + kerosene pair is one quarter lower - 3.4 km / s. The specific impulse of a pair of nitrocellulose + nitroglycerin is 2.5 km / s.

From the given data it can be seen that the most preferred combustion products for a rocket engine is a mixture of oxygen and hydrogen, which are constituents of water molecules.

There are known shots of separate cartridge case loading. See Cartridge Loader Shot. 1 - projectile ... armedman.ru> Articles> Armies and Soldiers - a prototype in which a projectile installed in the barrel of a gun is not connected to a warhead in a cartridge case (charge combustion chamber) with a charge igniting device and is inserted into the gun separately. War charges can consist of several portions of gunpowder, the number of which varies depending on the situation. Portions of gunpowder are placed in caps - bags made of raw silk.

The advantage of separate case loading shots is that the weight of the warhead can be changed at the firing position, depending on the nature of the task being performed. Using lighter charges reduces barrel swing. Their disadvantage is a decrease in the rate of fire of the gun due to the need for loading in two steps, the complexity of the automation of the loading process, and the imperfection of sealing the warhead. They are mainly used in medium-caliber guns of ground and tank artillery (122 and 152 mm).

The disadvantages of separate loading shots can also be attributed to the complexity of the design and high material costs associated with the manufacture of shot elements.

The technical result of the proposed invention is to eliminate the shortcomings of the prototype, in particular to simplify the design of the projectile for small arms.

The delivered technical result is achieved by using a combination of well-known features common with the prototype, including the weapon barrel, the channel of which is connected to the combustion chamber of the charge, the means for feeding the projectile into the barrel, the trigger mechanism and the means for igniting the charge, and new features, consisting in the fact that the combustion chamber of the charge is made, at least in the form of one, defining the direction of action of the charge, a hollow cone-shaped figure connected to the bore, on the lateral sides of which they are mounted, means for supplying a charge to the combustion chamber, made at least in the form of one nozzle associated with a container for water or its solutions used as a charge and at least one pair of spark gap electrodes means for ignition of a charge made in the form of a source of electrical energy and its converter into high-voltage with multiple supply of each discharge to the spark gap electrodes with a frequency of 30-15000 hz. within 0.001-0.5 sec.

The converter of electrical energy into high-voltage is made in the form of an electrically connected battery, a transformer and a multiplier with the creation of a voltage of 5000-1000000 volts.

The container is equipped with a means for creating pressure of water supplied to the combustion chamber, made in the form of a pressure pump or in the form of a channel for taking a part of the pressure from the combustion of the charge in the chamber, connected to a container with water to create pressure and spray it into the combustion chamber using a nozzle.

The container for water and its solutions can be mounted in the handle or in the butt of small arms or along the barrel of the weapon and connected by means of a channel with the nozzles of the combustion chamber.

Antifreeze, alcohol, sugar, hydrocarbonate, sulfate, chloride and other solutions can be used as water or aqueous solutions for spraying in the combustion chamber to obtain a charge.

The novelty of the technical solution proposed as an invention is the implementation of the combustion chamber of the charge, at least in the form of one, determining the direction of action of the charge, a hollow cone-shaped figure connected to the bore, on the sides of which are mounted, the means for supplying the charge to the combustion chamber, made, at least in the form of one nozzle associated with a container for water and / or its solutions used as a charge and at least one pair of spark gap electrodes of a charge ignition means made in the form of a source of electrical energy and its converter, in high-voltage with multiple supply of each discharge to the arrester electrodes with a frequency of 30-15000 Hz. within 0.001-0.5 sec.

So, the implementation of the combustion chamber of the charge, at least in the form of one, determining the direction of action of the charge, a hollow cone-shaped figure connected to the bore of the barrel allows to reduce the impact effect of the combustible charge on the walls of the rear part of the combustion chamber and direct this effect towards the bore, in where the projectile is installed. Making the part of the combustion chamber closest to the barrel cone-shaped makes it possible to extinguish the lateral effect perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the chamber and more oriented to direct the pressure effect along the barrel bore.

Mounting on the sides of the combustion chamber of the charge means for supplying a charge into the combustion chamber, made, at least in the form of one nozzle associated with a container for water and / or its solutions used as a charge, makes it possible to create a finely dispersed concentrated cloud in the cavity of the chamber water and thereby ensure its ignition by means of an electric high-voltage discharge.

Mounting on the sides of the combustion chamber at least one pair of spark gap electrodes means for ignition of the charge, made in the form of a source of electrical energy and its converter into high-voltage with multiple supply of each discharge to the spark gap electrodes with a frequency of 30-15000 Hz. within 0.001-0.5 sec. allows, due to the high-voltage discharge, to instantly decompose the sprayed water into oxygen and hydrogen and simultaneously ignite the resulting explosive mixture. From the instant ignition of a mixture of oxygen with hydrogen at a high speed, a shock pressure wave is created, which, with the help of the conical structure of the rear of the combustion chamber, is directed to the projectile in the barrel of the weapon. With a constant supply of finely dispersed water to the combustion chamber of the charge and the choice of the discharge supply frequency to the discharge electrodes, shots can be fired at a given rate of fire and at a given initial speed.

Signs of the implementation of the converter of electrical energy into high-voltage in the form of an electrically connected battery, a transformer and a multiplier with the creation of a voltage of 5000-1000000 volts, the presence in the tank of a means for creating pressure of water supplied to the combustion chamber, made in the form of a pressure pump or in the form of a channel for taking a part of the pressure from combustion of a charge in the chamber, connected to a container with water to create pressure and spray it with a nozzle into the combustion chamber, the installation of a container for water and its solutions can be installed in the handle or in the butt of small arms or along the barrel of the weapon and communication through a channel with the nozzles of the chamber combustion, the use of water and / or aqueous solutions for spraying in the combustion chamber to obtain a charge of antifreeze, as well as, for example, alcohol, sugar, hydrocarbonate, sulfate, chloride and other solutions - are additional signs that contribute to a more complete disclosure of the technical content of the main features of the proposed about the solution and contributes to the achievement of the technical result set by the invention.

According to the conducted patent information research, the combination of known common with the prototype features and new features of the proposed technical solution was not found in the sources of scientific and technical literature and patent information, which allows us to conclude about their novelty.

The set of known common with the prototype features and new features of the proposed technical solution does not explicitly follow from the existing state of the art, which makes it possible to classify features as having an inventive step.

The combination of the description of the operation of the proposed device with the operation of known devices of a similar purpose allows the proposed technical solution to be classified as industrially feasible.

FIG. 1 schematically shows the proposed device.

The proposed device consists of the barrel 1 of the weapon, the channel 2 of which is connected to the combustion chamber 3 of the charge, made at least in the form of one, which determines the direction of action of the charge, a hollow cone-shaped figure 4, connected to the channel 2 of the barrel 1. A removable magazine 5 for feeding a projectile into the barrel of a weapon, a trigger 6 and a charge ignition means made in the form of at least one pair of spark gap electrodes 7 and 8 (the drawing shows two pairs of spark gap electrodes mounted on two cross sections of the combustion chamber charge) associated with the source 9 of electrical energy, its transformer 10 and the converter 11 into high-voltage, mounted in a separate housing 12 with multiple supply of each discharge to the spark gap electrodes 7 and 8 with a frequency of 30-15000 Hz. within 0.001-0.5 sec. On the lateral sides of the rear part of the combustion chamber 3 of the charge are mounted, means for supplying the charge to the combustion chamber, made at least in the form of one nozzle 13 associated with a container 14 for water 15 and / or its solutions used as a charge. The water tank 14 has a sealed filler neck with a plug 16. In the cavity of the water tank 14, for example, an injection pump 17 is installed. chamber 19, pipeline 20 from the barrel 1 to the container 14 with water.

The proposed device works as follows:

Initially, the container 14 of the device is filled with liquid - water purified from solid impurities or its solutions. Antifreeze can also be used as a filling liquid (so that it does not freeze in frost) or any other, aqueous conductive solution. Then, the operability of the electric high-voltage discharge is checked by pressing the trigger 6, which turns on the supply of the discharge to the spark gap electrodes 7 and 8 with the occurrence of a corresponding discharge on the spark gap electrodes and a characteristic sparking crackle. In this case, the store must be located separately from the device. After checking the device, the magazine 5, loaded with projectiles, is installed in the corresponding socket of the device body, after which the device is ready for operation.

To fire a shot by pressing the trigger, finely dispersed water 15 is injected into the combustion chamber 3 and a kind of cloud saturated with finely dispersed water is created in it, and the discharge is started at a predetermined duration and frequency. A discharge occurs on the spark gap electrodes 7 and 8 located in a finely dispersed cloud of water. From the action of a high-voltage spark discharge, a sprayed cloud of water instantly decomposes into a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen, forming a so-called explosive mixture, which instantly ignites from the same discharge, creating an increased pressure in the combustion chamber of the charge, which is reflected from the conical rear surface 4 of the combustion chamber 3 and transforms into a directed bunch of a blast wave, which, acting on the projectile, throws it out at the design initial speed set for the flight. In this case, part of the blast wave through the opening 18, the gas chamber 19, through the channel 20 enters the container 14 with water, creating a constant pressure in it, which ensures the uninterrupted injection of water into the combustion chamber of the charge using the nozzles 13.

As a power source, you can use power lithium-polymer batteries that can provide the required current. The use of a transformer, converter and voltage multiplier produces a summed high voltage DC voltage of the required magnitude.

If it is necessary to refuel and refuel the device with liquid - water, the latter is poured through the plug 16 into the container 14.

The means for obtaining a powerful shock wave in the cavity of the combustion chamber, made in the form of a transformer 10 and a voltage multiplier 11 connected with a power supply 9, and a voltage multiplier 11, is mounted in the casing 12 above the barrel of the device;

Since the magazine 5 of the device is removable and interchangeable, then when all the projectiles are consumed, the old magazine is removed, and a new one filled with projectiles is installed in its place.

The use of the proposed device in connection with the possibility of obtaining high pressure, high initial flight speed of the projectile and increased destructive power will significantly simplify the design of the projectile, reduce the cost of producing military projectiles for small arms. Projectiles for cannons can have different weights and designs without the use of casings, primers and gunpowder.

Claims (5)

1. A device for imparting an initial velocity to a small arms projectile, including a weapon barrel, the channel of which is connected to the combustion chamber of the charge, a means for feeding the projectile into the barrel, a trigger and means for igniting the charge, characterized in that the combustion chamber of the charge is made in the form of at least one defining the direction of action of the charge of a hollow cone-shaped figure connected to the bore of the barrel, on the sides of which are mounted means for supplying a charge to the combustion chamber, made at least one nozzle associated with a container for water or its solutions used as a charge, and at least At least one pair of spark gap electrodes means charge ignition, made in the form of a source of electrical energy and its converter into high voltage with multiple supply of each discharge to the spark gap electrodes with a frequency of 30-15000 Hz for 0.001-0.5 s. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the converter of electrical energy into high-voltage is made in the form of an electrically connected battery, a transformer and a multiplier with the creation of a voltage of 5000-1000000 V. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the container is equipped with a means for creating a pressure of water supplied to the combustion chamber, made in the form of an injection pump or in the form of a channel for taking a part of the pressure from the combustion of a charge in the chamber connected to a container with water to create pressure and spraying it with a nozzle into the combustion chamber. 4. The device according to claim. 1, characterized in that the container for water and its solutions can be mounted in the handle or in the butt of small arms or along the barrel of the weapon and is connected by means of a channel with the nozzles of the combustion chamber. 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that antifreeze, alcohol, sugar, hydrocarbonate, sulfate, chloride and other solutions are used as water or aqueous solutions for spraying in the combustion chamber to obtain a charge.

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