RU2754609C1 - Three-axle trolley with cradle suspension of high-speed freight cars - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: railway engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to railway rolling stock, in particular to three-axle trolleys of high-speed freight cars with a cradle suspension. The cross beam is located in the middle of the trolley frame and is attached to it by cradle suspensions. The movement of the beam is limited by thrust springs. The springs of the axle box suspension are centered from below along the guide inserts in the axle box body, and from above along the guide supports with a movable support of the outer spring. The longitudinal balancers combine the guide supports of the sets of box springs located between the wheel pairs. The springs located outside the bodies of the extreme boxes are mounted on elongated brackets. Sets of box springs are made with the possibility of sequential perception of vertical load. Support plates for sliders are fixed on the middle part of the longitudinal beams of the frame.

EFFECT: invention reduces the level of dynamic impact of high-speed freight cars on the rail track.

12 cl, 17 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a rolling stock of railways and relates to the design of three-axle bogies for high-speed freight cars and platforms for transporting containers.

Known three-axle bogie of freight rail vehicles with improved characteristics when passing curved track sections. The welded bogie frame consists of two longitudinal and two transverse beams and can be made of metal or fiber-reinforced composite material. Spring blocks are provided on each axle box of wheelsets to ensure smooth movement of the bogie in curved sections of the rail track. The wheelsets are connected to each other by longitudinal drives, the ends of which are mounted on the axleboxes of the extreme wheelsets, and on the middle wheelset, the longitudinal drives are connected to vertical balancers mounted on its axleboxes (patent for invention KR 101845334 "IPC B61F 5/02, B61F 5 / 12, B61F 5/38, B61F 3/02, B61F 3/06, B61F 3/10, B61F 3/12, publ. 08/31/2017).

A disadvantage of the known design of a three-axle bogie is the need for a reduced longitudinal stiffness of the spring blocks of the axlebox units of the wheelsets for realizing the longitudinal mobility of the wheels of the wheelsets. In the case of the impact of large longitudinal forces of one direction (brake, inertial, shock) wheelsets, united by the kinematic connection of the axlebox units, can take outrageous longitudinal and angular displacements relative to the frame in curved sections of the track, contributing to their derailment. The spring blocks of the axle boxes create a statically indeterminate distribution of vertical loads between the wheels of the wheelsets on the unevenness of the track. When an uneven intensity of wear of the wheels of the wheelsets manifests itself in operation, an increased effect of redistribution of vertical loads over the wheelsets will appear in the bogie, which also leads to the derailment of the wheelset from the rails. The spring blocks of the outer wheelsets of the bogie must have an increased lateral stiffness of the connection with the frame of the bogie to hold the frame forces when fitting into the curved track sections, and the spring blocks of the middle wheelset must have a reduced lateral stiffness of the connection with the bogie frame to prevent the wheels of the middle wheelset from being squeezed out of the rail. ruts in curved sections of the track.

The technical result of the invention is to improve the dynamic performance of the bogie, which makes it possible to reduce the level of dynamic impact of high-speed freight cars on the rail track, reduce the wear rate of wheels and rails when moving three-axle bogies in curved track sections and ensure the maintainability of bogie elements in operation.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in a three-axle bogie with cradle suspension of high-speed freight cars, consisting of a welded frame with two longitudinal and two transverse beams of a box-shaped structure, a pivot bar of a U-shaped box-shaped structure located in the middle of the frame between the longitudinal and transverse beams above the middle wheel pair, containing two cradle hanger brackets on the sides, in the lower and upper holes of which rollers are installed, ensuring their inclination from the vertical to the middle of the cross-section of the bogie, installed in the center of the pivot bar of the thrust bearing with a pivot, in front and behind which on the guide rods in housings are equipped with thrust springs for limiting the lateral movement of the pivot bar and side brackets for fastening the heads of transverse hydraulic dampers, two extreme wheelsets equidistant from the middle wheelset, axlebox assemblies of wheelsets with axlebox housings equipped with axle boxes out springs, consisting of external and internal springs, and centered from the bottom along the guide inserts in the axle box housing, and from above - along the guide supports with a movable support of the external spring, which has a groove on top for the installation of the internal spring, and with a cylindrical hinge, and the guide supports of the axlebox sets springs located between the wheelsets are combined by longitudinal balancers with central axles fixed in the supports of the longitudinal balancer on the longitudinal frame beams, and the guide supports of the sets of axle springs located outside the axlebox housings of the outermost wheelsets are mounted on elongated brackets of the end parts of the frame having inserts for fastening the axles for the installation of four brake cylinders with an automatic regulator of the rod exit, each of which is made with the possibility of acting by means of the head and rear levers fixed by connections on the transverse shaft mounted on wear-resistant bushings in the supports of the end parts of the frame, to the primary longitudinal thrust with the transmission of longitudinal forces to three subsequent vertical two-arm levers, providing in aggregate two-way braking pressure of the pads on the rolling surface of the wheels of the extreme and middle wheel pairs by means of traverses with connecting links, swivel shoes with their suspensions fixed in brackets on the frame, puffs with their suspensions on the frame and end longitudinal rods between the vertical two-arm levers, while the axle box bodies of the extreme and middle wheel pairs on each side of the bogie are connected by longitudinal leads, which are fixed by means of hinges on the axle box covers of the axle box bodies of the outer wheel pairs and on the vertical balancers installed on the protruding axle of the axle box covers of the axlebox housings of the middle wheel pair, axleboxes hydraulic dampers are attached to the lugs of the axlebox cases of the extreme wheel pairs, on the end parts of the outer walls of the pivot bar, four thrust plates are fixed, interacting with the longitudinal stops, mounted on the lower plates of the cross beams, and on top of the middle part of the frame longitudinal beams there are support plates for the side beams of the elastic side sliding supports located in the frame of high-speed freight cars; support brackets, on which the rollers of the holes of the cradle hangers of the pivot bar are fixed, each of the thrust springs of the lateral relation of the pivot bar is installed with the possibility of alternating abutment through the guide rods into the right and left thrust plates of the frame, fixed on the vertical walls of the longitudinal inserts facing the middle of the bogie, sets axle springs are made with the possibility of sequential perception of the vertical load and ensuring a bilinear characteristic of the vertical stiffness of the axle box suspension of the bogie by limiting the deformation of the inner spring after the stop of the movable support of the outer spring in the a guide support, the axes of the cylindrical hinges of the guide supports of the sets of axle springs of the middle wheel pair, fixed at the ends of the longitudinal balancers facing the middle wheel pair, are oriented along the longitudinal axis of the bogie, and the axes of the cylindrical hinges of the guide supports of the sets of axle springs of the extreme wheel pairs, fixed at the ends of the longitudinal balancers facing the outer wheelsets and on the elongated brackets of the longitudinal beams of the frame are oriented transversely to the longitudinal axis of the bogie, the head and rear levers are fixed to the ends of the transverse shaft by a clamp-type connection using a tightening bolt and dowels, ensuring the alignment of the symmetry planes of the head and rear levers in one planes along the axis of the transverse shaft, the vertical two-armed levers at the middle wheel pair are installed with their middle holes by means of the mounting axes on the arm brackets in the frame cross beams and are connected by the upper holes with the middle vertical with two-arm levers mounted on puffs, end longitudinal rods made in the form of threaded ties and passing over the cross beams of the frame, vertical balancers are installed on the protruding axle of the axle covers of the middle wheel pair through a rubber-metal block of vertical balancers, which are connected with their ends through hinges by means of inclined longitudinal leads transverse beams, fixed from below in the middle part of the frame cross beams on supports through rubber-metal blocks of the transverse beam and having hinge brackets at their ends for installation on the common axes of the hinges of inclined longitudinal leads and longitudinal leads, and one of the inclined longitudinal leads on each side of the trolley has an elastic a compensator containing a stop, compressed on both sides by springs compressed by a guide nut in the body.

Also, the technical result is achieved by the fact that wear-resistant bushings with holes profiled by internal gentle chamfers 0.15-0.25 of the width of wear-resistant bushings and a cylindrical middle part, which exceeds the diameter of the rollers for the installation of cradle hangers by 5-9 mm, and the cylindrical surface of the rollers is made with hardening.

Also, the technical result is achieved by the fact that the end parts of the rollers for the installation of cradle hangers are made of square cross-section with pairwise parallel edges and with two parallel holes in them, intersecting the axis of the cylindrical surface of the rollers, with a displacement of the end parts of the rollers along the axes of the holes by 9-13 mm.

Also, the technical result is achieved by the fact that for fastening the rollers of the lower heads of the cradle hangers in the brackets of the cradle hangers, vertical threaded holes are made on the pivot bar, and for fastening the rollers of the upper heads of the cradle hangers in the support brackets, horizontal threaded holes are made on the longitudinal inserts of the transverse beams of the frame.

Also, the technical result is achieved in that the central axis of the longitudinal balancer installation has in the middle part two diametrically opposite holes, one of which includes a set screw with a locknut on the longitudinal balancer support.

Also, the technical result is achieved by the fact that the cylindrical hinges of the guide supports of the sets of axle springs at the ends of the longitudinal balancers and on the elongated brackets of the end parts of the frame are fixed by installing a locking bar in the transverse slot of the cylindrical hinge, and the upper threaded holes for fastening the locking plates in the longitudinal balancers are duplicated by the lower threaded holes symmetrically the horizontal axis of the cylindrical hinges.

Also, the technical result is achieved by the fact that the longitudinal stops contain thrust rubber-metal blocks pre-compressed by a nut on a stepped axis installed in the guide bushings and interacting with its inner end with a thrust plate on the pivot bar, and the body of the longitudinal stop is fixed on the lower plates of the transverse beams having a thrust ledge ..

Also, the technical result is achieved by the fact that the upper end of the vertical balancer on the axle cover of the axlebox housing of the middle wheel pair is made elongated for the installation of the housing of the longitudinal hydraulic damper on the hinge.

Also, the technical result is achieved by the fact that on the outer side of one of the longitudinal beams of the frame, a bracket is fixed for the installation of the automatic mode and the lever that is rotatable in the longitudinal vertical plane with the possibility of interaction of the stop of the rotary lever, fixed at its distal end, with the support plate fixed on the housing of the axle box of the middle wheel pair, and the ball-head adjusting bolt is secured with a locknut in the middle of the pivot arm under the auto mode to act on its movable stem.

Also, the technical result is achieved by the fact that the end parts of the transverse shaft for the connection of the lower heads of the head and rear levers are made of square section with parallel edges, the lower heads of the head and rear levers have rectangular cutouts for connection with linings having corresponding cutouts by tightening the bolts.

Also, the technical result is achieved by the fact that the connecting links of the outer traverses of the bogie are made elongated and connected to the lower holes of the outer vertical two-armed levers.

Also, the technical result is achieved by the fact that the end longitudinal rods 1 are made of a sheet with a number of step holes.

The invention is illustrated by drawings:

in fig. 1 shows a three-axle bogie in perspective;

in fig. 2 shows a three-axle bogie, top view;

in fig. 3 shows a three-axle bogie, side view;

in fig. 4 is a rear view of the trolley, aligned with the cross-section AA in FIG. 3;

in fig. 5 shows a section b-b in Fig. 3;

in fig. 6 shows section b-b in fig. 3;

in fig. 7 shows a section D-G in Fig. 3;

in fig. 8 shows a section D-D in Fig. 3;

in fig. 9 shows a section E-E in FIG. 2;

in fig. 10 shows a section Zh-Zh in Fig. 2;

in fig. 11 shows a section AND in Fig. 3;

in fig. 12 shows a section K-K in Fig. 2;

in fig. 13 shows a view L in FIG. 2;

in fig. 14 shows a section MM in Fig. 3;

in fig. 15 shows a view H in FIG. 5;

in fig. 16 shows a view P in FIG. 6;

in fig. 17 shows the element P in FIG. 3.

A three-axle bogie with a cradle suspension of high-speed freight cars consists of a frame 1 (Fig. 2) of a welded structure with two longitudinal 2 and two transverse 3 beams of a box-shaped structure. In the center of the frame 1 between the longitudinal 2 and transverse 3 beams there is a pivot bar 4 of a U-shaped structure above the middle 5 wheelset. On the lateral sides of the pivot bar 4, two brackets 6 (Fig. 4) of cradle hangers 7 are made, in the lower and upper holes of which rollers 8 are installed, ensuring their inclination from the vertical to the middle of the cross-section of the bogie. In the center of the pivot bar 4, a thrust bearing 9 is fixed and a pivot pin 10 is installed. In front and behind the thrust bearing 9, on the guide rods 11, coaxially located in the housings 12 of the pivot bar 4, thrust springs 13 are installed to restrict the lateral separation of the pivot bar 4 relative to the frame 1. Front and rear of the pivot bar bars 4 protrude side brackets 14 (Fig. 2) fastening the heads of two transverse hydraulic dampers 15 damping lateral oscillations of the relative.

The extreme 16 wheelsets (Fig. 3) are equidistant from the middle 5 wheelset. Axlebox assemblies 17 of wheelsets with wing bodies 18 axleboxes are equipped with sets of 19 axle springs consisting of outer 20 (Fig. 5) and inner 21 springs. The outer spring 20 is centered from below along the guide insert 22 fixed in the housing 18 of the axle box. From above, the set of 19 springs is centered in a guide support 23 with a movable support 24 of the outer 20 spring. The movable support 24 has a groove 25 on top for the installation of the inner spring 21. In the upper part of the guide support 23, there is a cylindrical hinge 26 that receives loads from the frame elements 1.

Sets of 19 axle springs (Fig. 3), located between the wheelsets, are combined by longitudinal balancers 27 with central axles 28, fixed in supports 29 on the longitudinal beams 2 of the frame 1. Guide supports 23 with cylindrical hinges 26 sets of 19 axle springs located outside the housings 18 axle boxes of the outermost 16 wheel pairs are mounted on elongated brackets 30 in the end portions 31 of the frame 1.

The elongated brackets 30 in the end parts 31 of the frame 1 have inserts 32 for fixing the axles 33 for the installation of four brake cylinders 34 with an automatic regulator of the stem exit. Each of the brake cylinders 34 through the head 35 and the rear 36 levers (Fig. 6), fixed by connections 37 on the transverse shaft 38, mounted on wear-resistant bushings 39 in the supports 40 of the end portions 31 of the frame 1, acts on the primary longitudinal link 41 (Fig. 3 ) linkage. Longitudinal impact forces are transmitted to three subsequent vertical two-armed levers 42, providing in the aggregate a two-way braking pressure of the pads 43 on the rolling surface of the wheels of the outermost 16 and middle 5 wheelsets. The transmission of longitudinal forces is carried out by means of traverses 44 (Fig. 4) with connecting links 45, pivoting shoes 46 (Fig. 3) with their suspensions 47 fixed in brackets 48 on the frame 1, puffs 49 (Fig. 2) with their suspensions 50 on frame 1 and end longitudinal rods 51.

Housings 18 (Fig. 3) axle boxes of the outer 16 and middle 5 wheel pairs on each side of the bogie are connected by longitudinal leads 52 through hinges 53 (Fig. 7), fixed on the axle covers 54 of the axle boxes 18 of the axle boxes of the outer 16 wheel pairs and on vertical balancers 55 (Fig. 8) installed on the protruding axle 56 of the axle covers 57 of the case 18 of the axle boxes of the middle 5 wheel pair. To the lugs 58 (Fig. 3) of the housing 18 of the axle boxes of the outermost 16 wheel pairs and the side brackets of the frame 1 are attached axlebox hydraulic dampers 59.

On the end parts of the outer walls 60 (Fig. 9) of the pivot bar 4, four thrust plates 61 are fixed, interacting with the longitudinal elastic stops 62 fixed on the lower plates 63 of the transverse beams 3 of the frame 1. On top of the middle part of the longitudinal beams 2 of the frame 1 (Fig. 2) support plates 64 are fixed under the side beams of elastic side sliding supports located in the frame of high-speed freight cars.

In the frame 1 between the cross beams 3 there are two longitudinal box-section inserts 65 with support brackets 66, on which the rollers 8 are fixed, entering the upper holes of the cradle hangers 7 of the pivot bar 4. The thrust springs 13 limiting the lateral relation of the pivot bar 4 are installed with the possibility of a variable stop through the guide rods 11 into the right and left stop plates 67 (Fig. 4) of the frame, fixed on the vertical walls 68 of the longitudinal inserts 65 facing the middle of the bogie.

Sets of 19 axle springs (Fig. 5), consisting of outer 20 and inner 21 springs, sequentially perceive the vertical load and provide a bilinear characteristic of the vertical stiffness of the axle box suspension of the bogie by limiting the deformation of the inner spring 21 after the movable support 24 of the outer 20 spring stops in the guide support 23.

In this case, the axes of the cylindrical hinges 26 of the guide supports 23 of the sets 19 of axle springs of the middle 5 wheel pair (Fig. 3), fixed at the ends of the longitudinal balancers 27 facing the middle 5 wheel pair, are oriented along the longitudinal axis of the bogie, and the axes of the cylindrical hinges 26 of the guide supports 23 sets of 19 axle springs of the outermost 16 wheel pairs, fixed at the ends of the longitudinal balancers 27 facing the outermost 16 wheelsets, and on the elongated brackets 30 in the end parts 31 of the frame 1 are oriented across the longitudinal axis of the bogie.

The head 35 and rear 36 levers (Fig. 6) are fixed at the ends of the transverse shaft 38 by a clamp-type connection 37 using a tightening bolt 69 and keys 70, ensuring alignment of the planes of symmetry of the head 35 and rear 36 levers in the longitudinal plane along the axis of the transverse shaft 38. Vertical the two-arm levers 42 (Fig. 4) at the middle 5 wheel pair are mounted with their middle holes by means of the alignment axles 71 on the arm brackets 72 in the cross-beams 3 of the frame 1 and are connected by upper holes with the middle vertical two-arm levers 42 (Fig. 2), which are mounted on puffs 49, end longitudinal rods 51, made in the form of threaded ties passing over the transverse beams 3 of the frame 1.

Vertical balancers 55 (Fig. 8) are installed on the protruding axle 56 of the axle covers 57 of the middle 5 wheel pair through the rubber-metal block 73 of the vertical balancer and through the hinges 53 by means of inclined longitudinal leads 74 are connected to the transverse balancers 75 (Figs. 3 and 10), which are fixed from the bottom in the middle of the cross beams 3 of the frame 1 through the rubber-metal blocks 77 of the transverse beam on the supports 76 of the transverse beams 3. At the ends of the transverse beams 75 there are brackets 78 (Fig. 7) for the installation of common axes 79 of the hinges 53 of the inclined longitudinal leads 74 and the longitudinal leads 52 In this case, one of the inclined longitudinal drivers 74 on each side of the bogie has an elastic compensator 80 (Figs. 3 and 11) containing a stop 81, compressed on both sides by springs 82 compressed by a guide nut 83 in the housing 84.

Wear-resistant bushings 85 with holes profiled with internal flat chamfers 86 with a length of 0.15-0.25 of the width of wear-resistant bushings 85 and a cylindrical middle part 87, which exceeds the diameter of the rollers 8 for installing cradle hangers 7 by 5-9 mm, and the cylindrical surface 88 of the rollers 8 is made with hardening. The end parts 89 (Fig. 13) of the rollers 8 for the installation of cradle hangers 7 are made of square cross-section with pairwise parallel edges, with two parallel fastening holes 90 in them, intersecting the axis of the cylindrical surface 88 of the roller 8, and with the displacement of the end parts 89 along the axes of the holes 90 by 9-13 mm. For fastening the rollers 8 of the lower heads of the cradle hangers 7 in the brackets 6 on the pivot bar 4, vertical threaded holes 91 are made, and for fastening the rollers 8 of the upper heads of the cradle hangers 7 in the support brackets 66 on the longitudinal inserts 65 of the transverse beams 3 of the frame 1, horizontal threaded holes 92 are made ...

The central axis 28 (Fig. 14) of the installation of the longitudinal balancer 27 has in the middle part two diametrically opposite holes 93, one of which includes a set screw 94 with a lock nut on the support 29 of the longitudinal balancer 27.

The cylindrical hinges 26 of the guide supports 23 sets of 19 axle springs at the ends of the longitudinal balancers 27 and on the elongated brackets 30 of the end parts 31 of the frame 1 are fixed by installing the lock bar 95 into the transverse slot 96 of the cylindrical hinge 26, with the upper threaded holes 97 fastening the lock bars 95 in the longitudinal balancers 27 are duplicated by the lower threaded holes symmetrically to the horizontal axis of the cylindrical hinges 26:

Longitudinal stops 62 (Fig. 9) contain pre-compressed by a nut 98 persistent rubber-metal blocks 99 on a stepped axis 100, installed in guide bushings 101 and 102 and interacting with its inner end with a stop plate 61 on a pivot bar 4, and the body 103 of the longitudinal stop 62 is fixed on the lower plates 63 of the transverse beams 3 having a stop projection 104.

The upper end of the vertical balancer 55 (Fig. 8) on the axle cover 57 of the case 18 of the axlebox of the middle 5 wheel pair is made elongated for the installation of the case of the longitudinal hydraulic damper 105 on the hinge 53.

On the outer side of one of the longitudinal beams 2 of the frame 1 (Figs. 2 and 3), a bracket 106 is fixed for the installation of the automatic mode 107 and the lever 108, which is rotatable in the longitudinal vertical plane, interacting with its stop 109, fixed at the distal end of the lever, with the support plate 110, fixed on the housing 18 of the axle box of the middle 5 wheel pair, and the adjusting bolt 111 with a spherical head is fixed with a locknut in the middle part of the pivot arm 108 under the automatic mode 107 and acts on its movable rod 112.

The end parts 113 (Fig. 16) of the transverse shaft 38 are made of square cross-section with parallel faces for the connection 37 of the lower bushings of the head 35 and the rear 36 levers having rectangular cutouts 114, with pads 115 with corresponding rectangular cutouts 114 by tightening the bolts 116. External traverses 44 (Fig. 4) the bogies have elongated connecting links 45 connected to the lower openings of the outer vertical two-arm levers 42. The end longitudinal links 51 (Fig. 17) are made of a sheet with a number of stepped openings 117.

The cart works as follows.

On the center plate 9 of the pivot bar 4 of the bogie, the center plate of the car frame of the corresponding dimensions is lowered, heading along the pivot 18 of the center pin. The vertical load from the pivot bar 4 is evenly distributed over four cradle hangers 7, pre-adjusted on the trolley in a free state along the transverse clearances. From the four support brackets 66 on the longitudinal inserts 65 into the cross beams 3, the load is distributed over the frame 1 to eight support points: four supports 29 of the longitudinal balancers 27 and four elongated brackets 30. At all these points, the vertical load is transferred to the cylindrical hinges 26 of the guide supports 23 sets 19 axle springs, consisting of 20 outer and 21 inner springs. The springs consistently perceive the vertical load and provide a bilinear force characteristic of their deformation by limiting the deformation of the inner 21 spring after the movable support 24 of the outer 20 spring stops in the guide support 23.

The most important contribution to the dynamic indicators of the movement of a freight car along a rail track is made by the indicator of the horizontal dynamics of bogies (in terms of frame forces). The spring suspension of freight cars with variable loading also has a variable lateral stiffness of the connection between the wheelsets and the bogie bolster under the car frame, which in the increased range of changes in the horizontal dynamics indices from loading makes it difficult to obtain acceptable values for stabilizing the permissible conditions of lateral impact on the rail track without significant restrictions driving conditions. To reduce the range of variation of the lateral stiffness of the spring suspension will allow the introduction of an additional sequential transverse link into the system of side ties of wheelsets with the bogie frame through the cradle suspension of the car frame with a pivot bar on the bogie frame. Cradle suspensions are widely used in bogies of passenger cars, being combined, as a rule, with the springs of the body stage of spring suspension, i.e. already with the third stage of cross-connections of wheelsets with the car frame, providing a high-speed mode of movement of a passenger car. Thus, the transverse serial connections of the axle-box suspension with the bogie frame and the cradle suspension of the car frame with the bogie frame provide lateral stiffness with a lower value than the value of the smallest of the components, i.e. the transverse rigidity of the cradle suspension will be less, which is why the efficiency of the given technical solution is achieved to stabilize the range of changes in the lateral rigidity of the links in the three-axle bogie of high-speed freight cars.

The bilinear power characteristic of the axlebox suspension makes it possible to significantly increase the static deflections of the axlebox suspension both under the container and under the gross weight of the freight car relative to the deflections of the central stage of suspension of the existing two-axle three-element bogies, thereby providing improved dynamic performance and speed mode of movement of the freight car along the rail track, while maintaining the normalized level of lowering the suspension from the container to the gross carriage.

Each axle box body 18 with two sets 19 of springs of each of the three wheelsets 5 and 16 is a horizontal balancer on axlebox bearings and four longitudinal balancers 27 on the central axles 28, fixed in the supports 29 of the frame 1, provide uniform distribution of vertical loads on the wheelsets 5 and 16 bogies on the track with its irregularities. This makes it possible not to limit the difference in wheel diameters along the rolling circle of wheelsets in a three-axle bogie with respect to the existing limitations for two-axle bogies. Part of the vertical load from the car to the three-axle bogies is transmitted through the elastic side supports in the car frame to the side skids, which rest in the middle upper part of the longitudinal beams 2 of the bogie frame 1 on the base plates 64.

Wear-resistant hardened steel bushings 85 are pressed into the holes of the cradle hangers 7 with holes profiled with internal gentle chamfers 86 each 0.15-0.25 of the width of the bushing and a cylindrical middle part 87. Rollers 8 for installing cradle hangers 7 are made with hardening of the cylindrical surface 88, which is 5-9 mm less in diameter than the bushing hole 87 by 5-9 mm and provides, at small angles of deviation from lateral swinging of the pivot bar 4, rolling of the roller 8 along the bushing 87, which turns into sliding with an increase in the angles of deviations, which speeds up the process of running-in the connection with subsequent alignment with cradle hangers load and wear distribution.

The rollers 8 of the cradle hangers 7 have an eccentric arrangement of the end parts 89 of a square cross section by 9-13 mm along the holes 90 of their attachment to the support brackets. Such an embodiment of the lower rollers 8 of cradle hangers 7 in the grooves of the brackets 6 of the pivot bar 4, having vertical holes 91 for the fastening bolts, allows, after turning the rollers 8 by 180 °, to lift the pivot bar 4 to twice the eccentricity of the end parts (by 18-26 mm) and thereby compensate in operation up to half of the permissible wear of wheels and other wear parts of the bogie (center plate, actually cradle suspension) during the planned repair of the bogie with wheelset turning. The rotation of the roller 8 leads to contact with the bushing 85 of the cradle suspension 7 of the worn part of the roller 8 and the continuation of its operation.

The fastening of the upper rollers 8 of cradle hangers 7 in the grooves of the support brackets 66 of the frame 1 is carried out by horizontal bolts with the axis of the cylindrical surface 88 of the roller 8 close to the stop end of the bracket 66. Accordingly, the working area of the roller 8 will be from above. After turning the lower rollers 8 of cradle hangers 7 with accumulated wear of the working area by 180 ° in the vertical plane, the upper rollers 8 with the same wear of the working area must be turned 180 ° in the horizontal plane (i.e. swapped from left to right) into a new working area (the height of the trolley elements will not change). After the next scheduled run, at the next stage of operation with new wheelsets, the upper rollers must be swapped with the lower rollers with a similar pattern of subsequent roller turns and the use of 4 working zones on the cylindrical surface 88 of rollers 8.

The principle of changing the working area under a vertical load on the support axles in operation is used in the design of the longitudinal balancers 27, through the central axis 28 of which the vertical load is transferred to the axle-box suspension. The central axle 28 is fixed with a set screw 94, which with its protruding end fits into the corresponding bore 93 in the axle. The second drilling 93 is made from the diametrically opposite side of the axis 28. The presence of a flat on the outer side of the central axis 28 of the longitudinal balancer 27 allows the axis to be rotated 180 ° under a new working area.

At the ends of the longitudinal balancers 27, cylindrical hinges 26 are installed, which are included in the guide supports 23 of the set 19 of axle springs. The cylindrical hinges 26 on the protruding side of the longitudinal balancer 27 have a transverse slot 97 for the installation of the locking bar 96, which is bolted in the upper threaded holes 95 at the ends of the longitudinal balancer 27. of the longitudinal balancer, make the lower threaded holes for fastening the locking plate 96 symmetrically to the horizontal axis of the cylindrical hinges 26.

Longitudinal stops 62, fixed on the lower plates 63 of the transverse beams 3 of the frame 1, have a limited longitudinal clearance to the stop plates 61 on the outer walls 60 of the pivot bar 4, which ensures its free lateral displacement in the frame 1. The longitudinal forces arising in the train (braking, traction , inertial) after the choice of the longitudinal clearances by the pivot bar 4 are perceived by the pre-compressed elastic rubber-metal blocks 99 of the longitudinal stops 62, due to which the value of the longitudinal force impulse of the impact on the bogie from the side of the car frame is sharply reduced. To keep the longitudinal forces from the body 103 of the longitudinal stop 62, bolted to the lower plates 63 of the transverse beams 3 of the frame 1, the lower plates have a stop projection 104 behind the body 103, which keeps the longitudinal stop 62 from longitudinal displacement on the frame 1.

Axle assemblies 17 of the outer 16 wheel pairs are combined with the axle assemblies 17 of the middle 5 wheel pair by longitudinal ties through two transverse balancers 75, fixed centrally through a rubber-metal block 77 on the support 76 of the transverse beams 3. This makes it possible to stabilize the position of the wheel pairs relative to the bogie frame when driving along rail track and with longitudinal force action in the train, taking into account the peculiarities of the balanced axle-box suspension of the bogie on wheel pairs. Inclined longitudinal links 74 from the transverse balancers 75 with vertical balancers 55 on the axle assemblies 17 of the middle 5 wheelset with increased rigidity of its longitudinal connection with the longitudinal balancers 27 on the frame 1 ensure the parallelism of the position of the extreme 16 wheelsets relative to the middle 5 wheelset. The reduced rigidity of the longitudinal connection of the extreme 16 wheelsets with the frame 1 ensures the reaction of their wheels to a change in the direction of the longitudinal forces of interaction with the rails in the curved sections of the track, which synchronously through the longitudinal drivers 52 provides an angular turn in terms of the transverse balancers 75 to the center of the curve with the corresponding directions of rotation of the vertical balancers 55 on the middle 5 wheel pair from longitudinal inclined drives 74. Stabilization of this process, taking into account the state of the rail track, is carried out by longitudinal hydraulic dampers 105 fixed on the elongated upper end of the vertical balancers 55 and on the frame brackets 1.

The installation of the auto mode 107 on the bracket 106 of the frame 1 with the pivot arm 108 interacting with its stop 109 with the support plate 110 fixed on the housing 18 of the axle box of the middle 5 wheel pair, and the corresponding action of the adjusting bolt 111 on the movable rod 112 of the auto mode 107 ensures that the working pressure of compressed air is matched supplied automatically to the brake cylinders of the bogie when the car is braking, the value of the load of the car by the deflection of the axle-box suspension of the bogie.

The end portions 113 of the transverse shaft 38 can be made of square cross-section with parallel faces for the connection 37 of the lower bushings of the head 35 and rear 36 levers having rectangular cutouts 114, with pads 115 with corresponding cutouts 114 by tightening the bolts 116. A quick-detachable and technological connection of the levers is provided. providing a high bearing capacity for the transmission of torque.

The outer cross-arms 44 of the bogies have elongated connecting links 45 connected to the lower openings of the outer vertical two-arm levers 42 to ensure the installation of the brake cylinders 34 on the end portions 31 of the frame 1.

The end longitudinal rods 51 can be made of a sheet with a number of stepped holes 117, which make it possible to exclude manual adjustment of the clearances along the brake pads 43 during maintenance of the trolley.

Claims (12)

1. Three-axle bogie with cradle suspension of high-speed freight cars, consisting of a frame 1 of a welded structure with two longitudinal 2 and two transverse 3 beams of a box-shaped structure, a pivot bar 4 of a U-shaped box-shaped structure located in the middle of the frame 1 between longitudinal 2 and transverse 3 beams above a middle 5 wheel pair containing two brackets 6 of cradle hangers 7 on the sides, in the lower and upper holes of which rollers 8 are installed, ensuring their inclination from the vertical to the middle of the cross-section of the bogie installed in the center of the pivot bar 4 of the thrust bearing 9 with the pivot 10, in front and behind which, on the guide rods 11 in the bodies 12, thrust springs 13 are installed to restrict the lateral relation of the pivot bar 4 and side brackets 14 for attaching the heads of the transverse hydraulic dampers 15, two extreme 16 wheel pairs equidistant from the middle 5 wheel pair, axle boxes 17 wheel pairs with housings of 18 axle boxes, equipped with kits 19 axle springs, consisting of outer 20 and inner 21 springs, and centered from the bottom along the guide inserts 22 in the case 18 of the axlebox, and from above - along the guide supports 23 with a movable support 24 of the outer 20 spring, which has a groove 25 on top for the installation of the inner 21 spring, and with a cylindrical hinge 26, and the guide supports 23 of the sets 19 of axle springs located between the wheelsets are combined by the longitudinal balancers 27 with the central axes 28 fixed in the supports 29 of the longitudinal balancer 27 on the longitudinal beams 2 of the frame 1, and the guide supports 23 of the sets 19 of the axle boxes springs located outside the axle box bodies 18 of the outermost 16 wheel pairs are mounted on elongated brackets 30 of the end parts 31 of the frame 1, which have inserts 32 for fixing the axles 33 for the installation of four brake cylinders 34 with an automatic stem exit regulator, each of which is configured to act by head 35 and rear 36 levers, fixed connected and 37 on the transverse shaft 38, mounted on wear-resistant bushings 39 in the supports 40 of the end parts 31 of the frame 1, to the primary longitudinal rod 41 with the transmission of longitudinal forces to three subsequent vertical two-arm levers 42, which together provide two-way braking pressure of the shoes 43 on the rolling surface of the wheels extreme 16 and middle 5 wheel pairs by means of traverses 44 with connecting links 45, pivoting shoes 46 with their suspensions 47, fixed in brackets 48 on the frame 1, puffs 49 with their suspensions 50 on the frame 1 and end longitudinal rods 51 between the vertical two-arm levers 42 , while the axle box bodies 18 of the extreme 16 and middle 5 wheel pairs on each side of the bogie are connected by longitudinal leads 52, which, by means of hinges 53, are fixed on the axle covers 54 of the axle box bodies 18 of the extreme 16 wheel pairs and on the vertical balancers 55 mounted on the protruding axle 56 axle covers 57 housings 18 axle boxes of the middle 5 wheel pair, to the lugs of 58 housings 18 axle boxes of the extreme 16 wheel sets are attached axlebox hydraulic dampers 59, on the end parts of the outer walls 60 of the pivot bar 4 four thrust plates 61 are fixed, interacting with the longitudinal stops 62 fixed on the lower plates 63 of the transverse beams 3, and on top of the middle part of the longitudinal beams 2 of the frame 1, support plates 64 are fixed under the side beams of elastic lateral sliding bearings located in the frame of high-speed freight cars, characterized in that between the cross beams 3 of the frame 1 in the interwheel space of the middle 5 wheel pair, two longitudinal inserts 65 of box section with support brackets 66 are integrated, on which the rollers 8 of the upper holes of the cradle hangers 7 of the pivot bar 4 are fixed, each of the thrust springs 13 of the lateral relation of the pivot bar 4 is mounted with the possibility of alternately abutting through the guide rods 11 into the right and left thrust plates 67 of the frame, fixed on the vertical walls 68 of the longitudinal inserts 65 facing to the middle of the cart, to The sets of 19 axle springs are made with the possibility of sequential perception of the vertical load and ensuring a bilinear characteristic of the vertical rigidity of the axle box suspension of the bogie by limiting the deformation of the inner 21 spring after the stop of the movable support 24 of the outer 20 spring in the guide support 23, the axes of the cylindrical hinges 26 of the guide supports 23 of the sets 19 of the axle boxes springs of the middle 5 wheel pair, fixed at the ends of the longitudinal balancers 27 facing the middle 5 wheel pair, are oriented along the longitudinal axis of the bogie, and the axes of the cylindrical hinges 26 of the guide supports 23 of the sets 19 of axle springs of the extreme 16 wheel pairs, fixed at the ends of the longitudinal balancers 27, facing the outermost 16 wheelsets, and on the elongated brackets 30 longitudinal beams 2 of the frame 1 are oriented transverse to the longitudinal axis of the bogie, the head 35 and rear 36 levers are fixed at the ends of the transverse shaft 38 by a clamp-type connection 37 using a tightening bolt 69 and keys 70, ensuring the alignment of the planes of symmetry of the head 35 and the rear 36 levers in the same plane along the axis of the transverse shaft 38, the vertical two-armed levers 42 at the middle 5 wheel pair are mounted with their middle holes by means of the alignment axes 71 on the brackets 72 of the levers in the transverse beams 3 of the frame 1 and are connected by the upper holes with the middle vertical two-arm levers 42, mounted on puffs 49, end longitudinal rods 51 made in the form of threaded ties and passing over the cross beams 3 of the frame 1, the vertical balancers 55 are installed on the protruding axle 56 of the axle covers 57 of the middle 5 wheel pairs through the rubber-metal block 73 of the vertical balancers 55, which with their ends through the hinges 53 by means of inclined longitudinal leads 74 are connected to the transverse balancers 75, fixed from below in the middle part of the transverse beams 3 of the frame 1 on the supports 76 through the rubber-metal blocks 77 of the transverse balancer 75 and having at their ends, the hinge brackets 78 for installation on common axes 79 of the hinges 53 of the inclined longitudinal leads 74 and the longitudinal leads 52, and one of the inclined longitudinal leads 74 on each side of the bogie has an elastic compensator 80 containing a stop 81 pressed on both sides by springs 82, compressed by the guide nut 83 in the body 84. 2. A three-axle bogie with a cradle suspension of high-speed freight cars according to claim 1, characterized in that wear-resistant bushings 85 with holes profiled by internal gentle chamfers 86 with a length of 0.15-0.25 of the width of wear-resistant bushings 85 and cylindrical middle part 87, which exceeds the diameter of the rollers 8 for the installation of cradle hangers 7 by 5-9 mm, and the cylindrical surface 88 of the rollers 8 is made with reinforcement. 3. Three-axle bogie with cradle suspension of high-speed freight cars according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the end parts 89 of the rollers 8 for installing cradle hangers 7 are made of square cross-section with pairwise parallel edges and with two parallel holes 90 in them, crossing the cylindrical axis the surface 88 of the rollers, with an offset of the end portions 89 of the rollers along the axes of the holes 90 by 9-13 mm. 4. Three-axle bogie with cradle suspension of high-speed freight cars according to any one of paragraphs. 1-3, characterized in that for fastening the rollers 8 of the lower heads of the cradle hangers 7 in the brackets 6 of the cradle hangers on the pivot bar 4, vertical threaded holes 91 are made, and for fastening the rollers 8 of the upper heads of the cradle hangers 7 in the support brackets 66 on the longitudinal inserts 65 the transverse beams 3 of the frame 1 are provided with horizontal threaded holes 92. 5. Three-axle bogie with cradle suspension of high-speed freight cars according to any one of paragraphs. 1-4, characterized in that the central axis 28 of the installation of the longitudinal balancer 27 has in the middle part two diametrically opposite holes 93, one of which includes a set screw 94 with a lock nut on the support 29 of the longitudinal balancer 27. 6. Three-axle bogie with cradle suspension of high-speed freight cars according to any one of paragraphs. 1-5, characterized in that the cylindrical hinges 26 of the guide supports 23 sets of 19 axle springs at the ends of the longitudinal balancers 27 and on the elongated brackets 30 of the end parts 31 of the frame 1 are fixed by installing the locking plate 95 into the transverse slot 96 of the cylindrical hinge 26, and the upper threaded holes 97 fastenings of the locking bars 95 in the longitudinal balancers 27 are duplicated with lower threaded holes symmetrically to the horizontal axis of the cylindrical hinges 26. 7. A three-axle bogie with a cradle suspension of high-speed freight cars according to claim 1, characterized in that the longitudinal stops 62 contain thrust rubber-metal blocks 99 pre-compressed by a nut 98 on a stepped axis 100, installed in guide bushings 101 and 102 and interacting with its inner end with a thrust plate 61 on a pivot bar 4, and the body 103 of the longitudinal stop 62 is fixed on the lower plates 63 of the transverse beams 3 having a stop projection 104. 8. Three-axle bogie with cradle suspension of high-speed freight cars according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper end of the vertical balancer 55 on the axle cover 57 of the housing 18 of the axle box of the middle 5 wheel pair is made elongated for the installation of the housing of the longitudinal hydraulic damper 105 on the hinge 53. 9. Three-axle bogie with cradle suspension of high-speed freight cars according to claim 1, characterized in that on the outer side of one of the longitudinal beams 2 of the frame 1, a bracket 106 is fixed for the installation of the automatic mode 107 and the lever 108 that is rotatable in the longitudinal vertical plane with the possibility of interaction between the stop 109 of the rotary of the lever, fixed at its distal end, with a support plate 110 fixed to the housing 18 of the axle box of the middle 5 wheel pair, and the adjusting bolt 111 with a spherical head is fixed with a lock nut in the middle part of the pivot lever 108 under the automatic mode 107 to act on its movable rod 112. 10. Three-axle bogie with cradle suspension of high-speed freight cars according to claim 1, characterized in that the end parts 113 of the transverse shaft 38 for the connection 37 of the lower heads of the head 35 and the rear 36 levers are made of square section with parallel edges, the lower heads of the head 35 and rear 36 the levers have rectangular cutouts 114 for connection with the pads 115 having corresponding cutouts 114 by tightening the bolts 116. 11. Three-axle bogie with cradle suspension of high-speed freight cars according to claim 1, characterized in that the connecting links 45 of the outer traverses 44 of the bogie are made elongated and connected to the lower openings of the outer vertical two-armed levers 42. 12. Three-axle bogie with a cradle suspension of high-speed freight cars according to claim 1, characterized in that the end longitudinal rods 51 are made of a sheet with a number of step holes 117.

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