RU2752995C1 - Method for obtaining dry extract of jerusalem artichoke for farm animals and poultry (options) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: feed industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the feed industry, and in particular to methods for producing a dry extract of Jerusalem artichoke for a feed additive for farm animals and poultry. The method is characterized by the fact that the raw material is crushed and moistened in a water-ethanol solution, then transferred to an extractor, poured with a water-ethanol solution, heated to 25°C and at the first stage, extraction is carried out under vacuum, after which the extract is drained, and the mass is re-poured with a water-ethanol solution, heated to 25°C and extraction is carried out under vacuum, after which the extract is drained, the resulting mass at the third stage is poured with distilled water and extraction is carried out under pressure, after which the extract is also drained. The resulting extracts are combined and concentrated in vacuum, and the thick extract is dried to dryness.

EFFECT: invention optimizes the modes of water-ethanol extraction and drying, reduces the consumption of reagents and the duration of the process, increases the yield of the target product and its quality, and also reduces the costs of subsequent purification, concentration and drying of the resulting product.

10 cl, 2 ex

Description

The invention relates to the feed industry, in particular to methods for producing dry extracts of Jerusalem artichoke used as a feed additive for feeding farm animals and poultry.

Recently, increased interest has been shown in drugs of medicinal origin, since when they are used, allergic diseases of animals arising from the use of chemotherapeutic agents are unlikely.

The traditional and most common herbal dosage form is usually alcoholic tinctures and liquid extracts. Both forms are mild drugs. They do not have the ability to communicate (accumulate in the body), so the course of treatment is long, about 1-2 months. Thus, along with medications, the sick animal receives a dose of alcohol, which is a contraindication for farm animals and poultry. In this regard, the problem of obtaining dry plant extracts becomes urgent. The therapeutic effect of dry plant extracts is due not to one active substance, but to the whole complex of biologically active substances contained in the original plant raw materials. It is important that the resulting dry extract stably retains the biological activity of the original plant material, as well as that it is not hygroscopic, otherwise it quickly damp and turns into a viscous mass, unusable. Both of these facts depend on the method of obtaining dry plant extracts.

A number of such methods are known. As a rule, they include multiple processing of the initial plant material with an extractant: water, alcohol, or a water-alcohol mixture. As a result, an extract of extractive and biologically active substances is obtained, which is subjected to freezing and drying. The last two stages of these methods are the most important, since the quality indicators of the target product depend on their modes. Freezing of the extract of extractive substances is usually carried out for a long time (up to 20 hours) at a temperature of the order of (-18 ° C) - (-30 ° C), and the drying of the frozen extract is carried out under severe conditions at high temperatures.

Under such conditions, the process of freezing extracts of extractive substances is not deep enough, and the thermolabile active substances of the original plant material are destroyed during drying, that is, the resulting target product contains a significant amount of moisture and does not have the biological activity of the original plant material. The range of action for raw materials of such methods is limited. They are not applicable for plant materials containing unstable (labile) biologically active substances and sugars. In addition, ethanol, which is an expensive and socially hazardous product, is usually used as a refrigerant when cooling the hood.

A known method for producing dry extract of toadflax (RU, patent No. 2088255, publ. 27.08.1997) provides for multiple processing of the initial plant raw materials with water and alcohol to obtain extracts of extractive and biologically active substances. The resulting extract is frozen in a refrigerating bath, using ethanol as a coolant with a temperature of (-25 ° C) - (-30 ° C), for 30-60 minutes and kept at a temperature (-18 ° C) - (-26 ° C ) for 16-20 hours. After that, the frozen product is dried in a vacuum of 45-65 mm Hg. with the heating turned on to 36-38 ° C for 6-8 hours and the final drying temperature of the product is brought to 36-38 ° C, and the final vacuum is within 40-60 mm Hg.

In the implementation of this method, weak freezing of extracts also occurs for a long time, leading to a significant content of residual moisture in the target product, which increases its hygroscopicity. The method is also not applicable to the production of dry extracts from plant raw materials containing labile biologically active substances and sugars, since the used vacuum modes and drying temperatures lead to obtaining the target product, which is unstable from the moment of the end of drying due to its rapid melting and clumping. The product does not lend itself to grinding, therefore it is impossible to make any dosage form from it.

There is a known method of obtaining dry extracts from the cinquefoil and the forgotten penny (RU patent No. 2680384, publ. 20.02.2019), which consists in a method for obtaining extracts by the method of water-ethanol extraction followed by vacuum drying of liquid extracts. However, the cinquefoil and the forgotten penny are rarely used to feed farm animals and poultry, and are also rare and expensive raw materials for the manufacture of dry extracts.

The technical result of the proposed invention is a method for producing dry extracts of medicinal plants, namely Jerusalem artichoke, by water-ethanol and liquid extraction, followed by vacuum drying for farm animals and poultry.

The technical result achieved by the implementation of the developed technical solution consists in optimizing the modes of water-ethanol extraction and drying, reducing the consumption of reagents and the duration of the process, increasing the yield of the target product, the quality of the target product (increasing solubility, the most complete separation of ballast substances) and reducing the cost of subsequent purification , concentration and drying of the resulting product.

To achieve the specified technical result, it is proposed to use the developed method (options) for obtaining dry extracts of Jerusalem artichoke for farm animals and poultry. According to the developed method, the raw material to be extracted is preliminarily crushed and moistened in a water-ethanol solution for 10 hours in a hermetically sealed container, then a two-stage water-ethanol extraction is carried out with intense boiling under vacuum, and then extraction with distilled water. The obtained extracts are combined and concentrated, the thick extract is dried at a temperature not exceeding 40 ° C in a vacuum contact infrared chamber to the final moisture content of the product not exceeding 5%.

Examples of execution

Example 1

The dried roots of Jerusalem artichoke are crushed using a shredder to particles no more than 5 mm in size. The crushed particles are moistened in a 9-10% aqueous ethanol solution for 10 hours, placed in an extractor and poured into a 2% aqueous ethanol solution. The container with the contents is heated to a temperature of 25 ° C. At the first stage, water-ethanol extraction is carried out under vacuum at a relative pressure of -0.90 kgf / cm ² for 15 minutes with an extraction module of 1 kg ÷ 4 l, after which the extract is drained.

The crushed mass of Jerusalem artichoke tubers is re-poured with a 2% water-ethanol solution. The vessel with the contents is heated to a temperature of 25 ° C and the second stage of extraction is carried out under vacuum at a relative pressure of -0.90 kgf / cm ² for 25 minutes with an extraction module of 1 kg ÷ 4 l, after which the extract is drained.

At the third stage, the resulting mass of Jerusalem artichoke tubers is poured with distilled water and extraction is carried out at a module of 1 kg ÷ 2 l for 30 minutes at a relative pressure of -0.90 kgf / cm ² , after which the extract is also drained.

The resulting three extracts are combined and concentrated in a vacuum at a relative pressure of (-0.9) - (-0.95) kgf / cm ² at a temperature of 40-45 ° C, to a moisture content of 20-30% with constant stirring, and the thick extract is dried until dry in a vacuum contact-infrared chamber with a vacuum depth (-0.93) kgf / cm ² for 10-20 minutes.

The content of inulin (State Pharmacopoeia of the USSR, edition XI, issue 1) is 18.13%.

Example 2

Dried Jerusalem artichoke leaves are crushed using a shredder to particles no more than 5 mm in size. The crushed particles are moistened in a 20% aqueous ethanol solution for 9 hours, placed in an extractor and poured into a 30% aqueous ethanol solution. The container with the contents is heated to a temperature of 25 ° C. At the first stage, water-ethanol extraction is carried out under vacuum at a relative pressure of -0.90 kgf / cm ² for 10 minutes with an extraction module of 1 kg ÷ 4 l, after which the extract is drained.

The crushed mass of Jerusalem artichoke tubers is re-poured with a 2% water-ethanol solution. The vessel with the contents is heated to a temperature of 25 ° C and the second stage of extraction is carried out under vacuum at a relative pressure of -0.90 kgf / cm ² for 20 minutes with an extraction module of 1 kg ÷ 4 l, after which the extract is drained.

At the third stage, the resulting mass of Jerusalem artichoke tubers is poured with distilled water and extraction is carried out at a module of 1 kg ÷ 2 l for 30 minutes at a relative pressure of -0.90 kgf / cm ² , after which the extract is also drained.

The resulting three extracts are combined and concentrated in a vacuum at a relative pressure of (-0.9) - (-0.95) kgf / cm ² at a temperature of 40-45 ° C, to a moisture content of 30-35% with constant stirring, and the thick extract is dried until dry in a vacuum contact-infrared chamber with a vacuum depth of (-0.93) kgf / cm ² for 10-25 minutes.

The content of inulin (State Pharmacopoeia of the USSR, edition XI, issue 1) is 16.16%.

Thus, due to the selected technological modes of extraction and drying, the proposed method for obtaining dry extracts allows you to work on any labile type of plant raw material, practically without limitation, since under the selected modes there is a significant removal of moisture while maintaining the biological activity of the raw material.

Dry extracts obtained by the proposed method contain the main active ingredients of the original plant material and have a biological activity close to it, and in some cases even higher.

Studies have shown that when implementing this method for obtaining dry extracts for farm animals and poultry, the following advantages were obtained:

- optimal consumption of reagents and optimal duration of the process;

- increasing the yield of the target product by 6%;

- improving the quality of the target product (increasing solubility by 0.5%, the most complete separation of ballast substances);

- cost reduction for subsequent purification, concentration and drying of the resulting product.

Claims (10)

1. A method of obtaining a dry extract of Jerusalem artichoke for a feed additive for farm animals and poultry, characterized by the fact that the raw material is crushed and moistened in a 9-10% aqueous ethanol solution for 10 hours, then transferred to an extractor, poured with a 2% aqueous ethanol solution , heated to 25 ° C and at the first stage, extraction is carried out under vacuum, after which the extract is poured off, and the mass is re-poured with a 2% aqueous ethanol solution, heated to 25 ° C and extraction is carried out under vacuum, after which the extract is poured, the resulting mass on the third stage is poured with distilled water and extraction is carried out at a module of 1 kg ÷ 2 l for 30 min at a relative pressure of -0.90 kgf / cm ² , after which the extract is also drained, the resulting extracts are combined and concentrated in a vacuum, and the thick extract is dried to dry state. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the dried Jerusalem artichoke leaves are crushed to a particle size of 5 mm. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the water-ethanol extraction in the first and second stages is carried out under vacuum at a relative pressure of -0.90 kgf / cm ² for 15 and 25 minutes, respectively, with an extraction module of 1 kg ÷ 4 l. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the combined extracts are concentrated in vacuum at a relative pressure of (-0.9) - (-0.95) kgf / cm ² at a temperature of 40-45 ° C, to a moisture content of 20-30 % with constant stirring. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the thick extract is dried in a vacuum contact-infrared chamber with a vacuum depth of (-0.93) kgf / cm ² for 10-20 minutes. 6. A method of obtaining a dry extract of Jerusalem artichoke for a feed additive for farm animals and poultry, characterized by the fact that the raw material is ground and moistened in a 20% aqueous ethanol solution for 9 hours, then transferred to an extractor, poured into a 30% aqueous ethanol solution, heated up to 25 ° C and at the first stage, extraction is carried out under vacuum, after which the extract is drained, and the mass is re-poured with a 2% aqueous ethanol solution, heated to 25 ° C and extraction is carried out under vacuum, after which the extract is drained, the resulting mass in the third stage distilled water is poured and extraction is carried out at a module of 1 kg ÷ 2 l for 30 minutes at a relative pressure of -0.90 kgf / cm ² , after which the extract is also drained, the resulting extracts are combined and concentrated in a vacuum, and the thick extract is dried to dryness ... 7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the dried Jerusalem artichoke roots are crushed to a particle size of 5 mm. 8. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the water-ethanol extraction in the first and second stages is carried out under vacuum at a relative pressure of -0.90 kgf / cm ² for 10 and 20 minutes, respectively, with an extraction module of 1 kg ÷ 4 l. 9. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the combined extracts are concentrated in vacuum at a relative pressure of (-0.9) - (-0.95) kgf / cm ² at a temperature of 40-45 ° C, to a humidity of 30-35 % with constant stirring. 10. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the thick extract is dried in a vacuum contact infrared chamber with a vacuum depth of (-0.93) kgf / cm ² for 10-25 minutes.