RU2749271C1 - Control system for units of a universal modular automatic water treatment plant and a method for controlling units of a universal modular automatic water treatment plant based on it - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: water treatment.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to multi-stage water treatment systems and can be used to control water treatment systems for household, drinking and industrial purposes [C02F 1/00, C02F 9/00]. A control system for the units of a universal modular automatic water treatment plant is claimed, in which the mechanical cleaning input filter performs the function of an automatic flushing filter and has an automatic unit to switch to a flushing mode, the output of the input filter is connected to an automatic feed pump, the output of which is connected to a fluctuator-ejector; the fluctuator-ejector has three inputs: the main one is that of filtered water from the outlet of the feed pump and two additional ones, one of which is connected to an automatic metering pump, and the other one - to an oxygen or ozone oxygenator, while the automatic dispenser has a second input coming from the signal output of the water meter, and the output of the fluctuator is brought to the input of the reactor tank, the output of which is connected to the input of the process pump, the output of which is connected in series with the pressure filter of the de-ironizer, the sorbing pressure filter, with the filter of the membrane fine cleaning, the output flow from which is supplied to the input of the storage tank, which has drain pipes and a discharge channel connected to the input of the distribution pump, the output of which is connected to the input of the ultraviolet irradiation module, and the ultraviolet irradiation module is connected to the monitoring controller, which is designed to control all the pumps of the system through local controllers that are installed at each node of the system together with water monitoring sensors at each node, and each of these sensors for monitoring a specific node of the system is connected to the local controller of this node.EFFECT: improvement and simplification of the plant design due to the use of distributed control of water treatment units, in connection with the above - improving the quality of treated water, reducing the cost of installation, increasing the reliability of the system.7 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to systems for multistage water treatment and can be used to control water purification systems for household, drinking and industrial purposes [C02F 1/00, C02F 9/00].

Water is the most important source of life, a basic element of every person's life. Water can contain dangerous impurities and pathogenic microflora. Drinking water is water that is intended for daily, unlimited and safe consumption by humans and other living things. The main thing for drinking water is the availability of valid standards for the general composition and properties (SanPiN 2.1.4.1074-01 - and SanPiN 2.1.4.1116-02).

Many freshwater sources are not potable because it can spread disease or cause long-term health problems if it does not meet certain water quality standards. If necessary, in order for the water to meet sanitary and epidemiological standards, it is purified or, officially speaking, "prepared" using water treatment plants [http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prinking_water].

Reverse osmosis is a process in which pressure is used to force a solvent (usually water) to pass through a semi-permeable membrane from a more concentrated solution to a less concentrated solution, that is, in the opposite direction to osmosis. In this case, the membrane allows the solvent to pass through, but does not allow some substances dissolved in it. Reverse osmosis has been used since the 1970s for water purification, for obtaining drinking water from seawater, for obtaining highly pure water for medicine, industry and other needs. Membranes used for reverse osmosis are very sensitive to contamination, for which a mechanical filter is required to protect the membrane. Many substances dissolved in water are retained and do not pass through the membrane. The main feature of filters using reverse osmosis technology is the almost complete sterilization of water. A water molecule (size 0.3 nm) passes through the filter, but most of the chemical impurities and inclusions of biological origin, in particular microorganisms and viruses (sizes from 20 to 500 nm), do not pass.

Ultraviolet lamps are used for sterilization (disinfection) of water, air and various surfaces in all spheres of human activity. Bactericidal UV radiation at these wavelengths causes thymine to dimerize in DNA molecules. The accumulation of such changes in the DNA of microorganisms leads to a slowdown in the rate of their reproduction and extinction.

Ozonation and ultraviolet disinfection are used as additional methods of disinfection, together with chlorination, increase the efficiency of chlorination and reduce the amount of added chlorine-containing reagents [http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki//Ultraviolet_radiation].

All units of water treatment plants have common properties - they all have input / output sensors and actuators that consume electricity. Each node is a specific technological link in the water purification algorithm chain. It is for these reasons that the problem of natural water purification is a serious technical challenge.

Various methods and devices for changing the physicochemical characteristics of water are currently known.

Known Automatic modular water treatment plant (patent RU 122649). Refers to devices for providing the population with drinking quality water and can be used in the systems of individual and collective centralized water supply of industrial buildings, residential buildings, cottages, summer cottages, villages and other settlements. An automatic modular water treatment station consists of a pump, an electric motor, a storage tank, a water flow and pressure control system, a mechanical sediment filter with flocculation, a disinfection device, an analyzer of impurities in the source and purified water, and an additional line between the sediment filter and the disinfection device a universal filter with an automatic control unit for washing and regeneration was installed, a regeneration unit for a universal filter with a built-in feeder inside it, in front of the sediment filter equipped with an automatic control unit for washing, a coagulation unit with a proportional dosing pump was installed according to the indications of a pulse flow meter, while the main water purification units the stations are located in the following sequence: pump, electric motor, storage tank of source water, water flow and pressure control system, coagulation unit, sediment filter, universal filter, regeneration unit and a universal filter, a device for disinfection with a proportional dosing pump according to the readings of a pulse flow meter and the station is located in a compact modular container of a non-stationary type.

The technical problem of the analogue is that a universal filter of the Ecotar type is introduced into the station, consisting of a mixture of the latest ion-exchange resins that need to be restored; and also there are no units allowing for coagulation, sorption, desalination of water and there is no automatic control of the station units. Known universal modular water treatment plant for differentiated water consumption (patent RU 94570), refers to devices for providing the population with drinking quality water and can be used in systems of individual and collective centralized water supply of industrial buildings, residential buildings, cottages, summer cottages, villages and other settlements with differentiated water consumption of treated water depending on the required quality. A universal modular water treatment station for differentiated water consumption, consists of a water supply system made in the form of pipelines, a pump, an electric motor, a storage tank, a water flow and pressure control system, a coagulation unit, a sediment filter, a universal filter with a built-in feeder inside it, a universal regeneration unit filter type Ecotar, a device for disinfection, an analyzer of the content of impurities in the source and purified water, and frequency regulators for maintaining pressure in the water supply network are built into the water treatment line and for differentiated water consumption, depending on the required water quality, in addition, taps are installed on the water supply pipeline to the consumer: water; clarified water; clarified and purified water; drinking water clarified, purified and disinfected; water of special quality for special technological purposes; drinking water of a special quality, mineralized, while to obtain water of a special quality for special technological purposes and drinking water of a special quality mineralized, filters with a reverse osmosis membrane such as Geyser Prestige, Geyser Prestige M with mineralization and UV lamps are built into the water treatment line after the device for disinfection. disinfection of water and the station is located in a compact modular mobile container. The technical problem of the analogue is that a universal filter of the Ecotar type is introduced into the station, consisting of a mixture of the latest ion-exchange resins that must be restored; and also there are no nodes that allow sorption; demineralization of water is carried out by low-power and low-efficiency filters, and there is no automatic control of the station's nodes.

Known WATER TREATMENT STATION (patent RU 2260567). The invention relates to stations for the preparation of high quality drinking water and can be used for water supply to populated areas and industrial enterprises, mainly from surface sources of water supply. The water treatment station contains a surface source of water supply, a booster pump, a filter, a jetting system for washing the filter, a jet apparatus with a quartz glass window, an ultraviolet emitter, a reflective reflector, a helical blade, a vertical tubular system, an ozonizer, a concentrator of dissolved ozone in water, a master device, comparator, follower, valve, flushing water storage tank, flush pump, float valve, electrified valves, electrified valve position sensors, pressure sensors, control unit and pressure filter with separating retaining grid, crossing nozzles and external connection with safety mesh. The technical problem of the analogue is that there are no units in the station that allow for coagulation, sorption, desalination of water and there is no automatic control of the units of the station.

Known block-modular water treatment plant for water supply systems (patent RU 2590543). The invention relates to the field of water supply, namely to installations for water treatment of groundwater, in particular for sources of high-color and high-turbidity water, and can be used in water supply systems of recreation centers, cottage villages, gardening associations and other consumers of drinking water. A block-modular water purification station for water supply systems allows to provide consumers with clean drinking water while reducing the consumption of reagents for purification and the volume of contaminated process effluents generated as a result of purification, discharged into the sewage system, due to the fact that it contains a mechanical purification unit located in the transported container, consisting of a water intake unit with an automatic control system for water flow and pressure and a mechanical filter, connected to an aeration unit containing a compressor and an aeration column. The aeration unit is connected in series with a clarifier filter unit containing a pressure deferrization filter, an ion-exchange filter unit with a regeneration unit, a reagent dosing unit, clean water reservoirs, a second lift pumping station with a disinfection unit, which is used as an ultraviolet disinfection unit, and a storage tank ... The technical problem of the analogue is that an ion-exchange filter is introduced into the station, consisting of a mixture of the latest ion-exchange resins that must be restored; and also there are no nodes that allow coagulation, sorption; demineralization of water is carried out by low-power and low-efficiency filters, and there is no automatic control of the station's nodes.

Known installation of complex water purification universal mobile automated (patent RU 2656049). The invention relates to the field of water purification from various sources to the level of drinking SanPiN 2.1.4.1074-01. The complex water treatment plant is a universal mobile automated, mounted inside a heat-insulated, heated, inhabited body-van, mounted on a high-traffic chassis, and consists of water treatment, water treatment and automatic control and monitoring modules. The water treatment module includes, as a means for water intake, two pumps connected by water to an aeration column operating on ozone dosed by a Venturi system, connected to a membrane filtration system equipped with hollow fiber microfilters and ultrafiltration membranes, and then to a storage tank. The water purification module contains a storage tank installed in series with the addition of an inhibitor and a biocide, a reverse osmosis purification system, a mineralizer and an ultraviolet lamp. The control and monitoring module contains a system for self-adjustment of programs for controlling equipment depending on the operating conditions of the entire system and its individual parts, as well as sequentially installed control systems for the intake, processing, production of drinking water, including monitoring its pH level, and an express system -analysis of the purity of the produced water.

The technical problem of the analogue is that there are no units in the station that allow for coagulation, sorption; automatic control of the station nodes is carried out in a centralized manner, which reduces reliability.

Known mobile small-sized water treatment plant (patent RU122086). A mobile small-sized water treatment plant is designed to obtain drinking water from natural water, mainly underground water, for the needs of consumers located far from water supply systems, for example, in shift camps, cottages. The station includes a water purification unit fixed inside a container-type block-box. The unit contains an inlet strainer, an oxidation chamber, two coagulation chambers, a pressure filter and a pure water storage tank connected by pipelines. Initial water through a mesh filter first enters the oxidation chamber, and from it, with the help of a pump, into the ejector, and then again into the oxidation chamber. These devices form a circulation loop. A cavitator is placed in the oxidation chamber, which serves to intensify the oxidation of pollutants. Coagulation chambers complete the process of oxidation, destruction and crystallization of pollutants. From the coagulation chamber, the water is pumped by a pump to the pressure filter and from the pressure filter to the clean water storage tank. To disinfect the water entering the clean water storage tank from bacterial contaminants, the installation contains an ozonizer connected to a power supply unit and a filter for air purification, and a cavitator located inside the clean water storage tank. The cavitator is connected to the ejector and pump in a circulation circuit. A residual ozone decomposition unit is connected to the clean water storage unit. Outside the block-box, a water tap is installed, connected by a pipeline through a check valve and a pump with a clean water accumulator. To remove contaminants from the pressure filter, it is washed with the subsequent discharge of dirty wash water. The flushing water is supplied by a pump from a clean water reservoir. There are openings in the floor of the block-box for draining water from all containers and draining dirty wash water. For the convenience of transportation and movement of the water treatment plant, mounting loops are fixed on the roof of the block-box. The water purification station, along with mobility, provides effective cleaning and disinfection of water in an autonomous mode.

This utility model relates to devices for water purification, and more specifically to the removal of iron, manganese, various organic substances and other pollutants from natural, mainly underground, water by preliminary oxidation of water pollutants with oxygen.

The technical problem of the analogue is that there are no nodes that allow water demineralization, and the automatic control of the station nodes is carried out centrally, which reduces reliability.

A control device, a communication system, a method for controlling a node and a program are known (patent RU 2586019). The invention relates to a network control device. The technical result is to improve the security of data transmission. The network contains: the first node controlled by the control device in a centralized manner; and a second node storing, for a predetermined period of time, records in each of which, based on the source address of the received packet, its own port and information about the address (s) of the node to which the packets can be forwarded from the port are associated with each the other, and performing packet forwarding by referencing a group of entries, and determining a port corresponding to the destination of the packet, said control device instructing the first node connected to the second node (s) to transmit the destination determination packet. Packets cannot be forwarded along the path intended by the control device, or packets may flood. Consequently, the connection can be disconnected. The technical problem of the analogue is that complex algorithms are used in such a control system, and in the event of disconnection of the devices, the entire system can stop, which reduces reliability.

The closest solution is an automatic control system for the technological process of water purification with continuous monitoring of its quality at various points of the technological scheme (patent RU 2472717, publ .: 20.01.2013.). This is a system of automatic control of the technological process of water purification, which includes water treatment modules, sensors that record process parameters at various points of the technological scheme, gate valves that switch water flows in specified directions, an electronic control unit connected to a computer that receives signals from sensors and sends signals to gate valves, characterized in that it contains several replaceable water treatment modules of different purification depths for the possibility of multi-stage water purification, at the outlet of which sensors are installed that continuously record the quality of water by the concentration of pollutants, a sensor is installed at the entrance to the system that continuously records the quality of the incoming into the source water system, and on all water flow lines in the system, gate valves are installed, controlled by an electronic control unit and directing the flow of purified water to one or more water treatment modules, depending on the sensor signals kovs for water quality control.

Threshold values of the concentrations of pollutants at various stages of water purification have been introduced into the computer program for controlling the valves-gate valves, which makes it possible to direct flows of purified water through water purification modules of different purification depths in any combination and in any sequence, as if the contamination of the source water entering the system increases and the threshold values are exceeded and with a decrease in the contamination of the source water entering the system. By controlling the water purification process, the system allows you to continuously analyze the water quality by the content of pollutants in it at various points of the technological scheme and use this data for operational optimization of the water purification process.

The technical problem of the prototype is that there are no units that allow coagulation, sorption, desalination of water, and the automatic control of the units of the station is carried out centrally, which reduces reliability.

The objective of the present invention is to provide a method and development of control devices for units of a modular water purification plant, which will simplify and reduce the cost of the design, accelerate maintenance and repair, thereby improving the quality of treated water; modularity and interchangeability of local controllers allows to increase the economy and reduce the cost, as well as increase the reliability of the installation.

Also, the object of the claimed invention is to eliminate the disadvantages of analogs and create an effective method for controlling a universal modular installation for water purification and disinfection using local controllers.

The technical result of the claimed group of inventions is to simplify the design of the water purification system, improve the quality of purified water and increase the reliability of the water purification system.

The invention is illustrated by the drawing, which shows a block diagram of the purification plant. In the drawing: 1 - input filter for mechanical cleaning, 2 - automatic feed pump, 3 - fluctuator-ejector, 4 - automatic dispenser pump, 5 - oxygen generator (oxygen or ozone), 6 - reactor tank, 7 - process pump, 8 - pressure filter (iron remover), 9 - pressure filter (sorbing), 10 - fine membrane filter (ultrapurification), 11 - storage tank, 12 - dispensing pump, 13 - UFO module, 14 - monitoring controller, 15 - water meter.

The specified technical result is achieved due to the fact that a water treatment control system is declared, including water treatment units, characterized in that an input mechanical cleaning filter with a unit for automatic switching to flushing mode, an automatic feed pump, a fluctuator-ejector, a process pump are made as water treatment units , a pressure filter deferrization, a pressure sorption filter, a membrane fine filter, a dispensing pump, a UFO module, while the output of the input filter for mechanical cleaning is connected to an automatic feed pump, the output of which is connected to a fluctuator-ejector having three inputs: the main one - filtered water from the outlet of the automatic feed pump and two additional ones, one of which is connected to an automatic metering pump, the other to an oxygen or ozone generator, and the automatic metering pump has a second input from the signal output of the water meter, and the output of the fluctuator-ejector is connected to inlet of the reactor tank ra, the outlet of which is connected to the inlet of the process pump, connected, in turn, to a pressure filter-deferrization filter connected to a pressure sorbing filter, which is connected to a fine membrane filter, the output flow from which is fed to the inlet of a storage tank with drain pipes and a branch channel connected to the inlet of the dispensing pump, the output of which is connected to the input of the UFO module, and the UFO module is connected to the monitoring controller, which is configured to control all pumps in the system through local controllers installed on each node of the system together with water condition monitoring sensors on each node, and each of these control sensors is connected to the local controller of this node.

It is assumed that the local controllers of each node have the same electrical circuit diagram and the same algorithm firmware.

It is possible that the local controllers of each node are connected into a single network in such a way that it is possible to alternately transfer the state of the sensors to the monitoring controller for diagnostics.

It is assumed that the monitoring controller is configured to provide wireless remote control, telemetry and signaling.

Also claimed is a method for controlling water purification using the system according to claim 1, characterized in that the source water is supplied to the input filter of mechanical cleaning, then by an automatic supply pump water is supplied to the fluctuator-ejector, to the first input of which oxygen or ozone is supplied from the generator, water , which has been treated by aeration or ozonation and fluctuation, is clarified and coagulated in a reactor tank, from which it is fed to a pressure filter-deferrizer, in which deferrization and demanganation are carried out, then degassing and sorption are carried out in a sorption filter, then at the unit of membrane fine cleaning is carried out desalination and disinfection, and purified water are accumulated in a storage tank, from which water is diverted for final disinfection into the UFO module, the mutual operation of all nodes is controlled using local controllers that are installed on each of these nodes, and with the help of local controllers, the state of the connected local with them x sensors to the monitoring controller via a standard interface, and using the monitoring controller, they control all the pumps in the system via local controllers.

It is possible that the circuit of each local controller is designed so that they can be quickly interchanged without changing the algorithm of the controller and without reconnecting the sensors of the local node.

It is possible that, depending on the sensors and the algorithm, the controllers sequentially transmit through each other and then to the monitoring controller, and the work of the local controllers of all nodes is unified so that automatic mutual control between the units of the installation is carried out.

Local controller - a controller installed on a local (specific) node. It can be an inlet filter with auto-flushing, a feed pump, a fluctuator-ejector, a process pump, a pressure filter, a membrane filter, a dispensing pump, and a UFO module.

The local controller contains interface components (resistors, transistors, capacitors, a contactor - the so-called "body kit") and a microcontroller of low power consumption, small size, medium speed and low price (for example, PIC, STM, NXP or ATMEL), 8 bit format of words and commands. For example, the following can be used: microcontrollers PIC10, PIC12, PIC16 [http://gamma.spb.ru/obuchenie/stati/microchip/237-mikrokontrollery-pic10-pic12-pic16-obzor-novykh-semejstv-i-periferijnykh-modulej] , STM microcontrollers [https://www.compel.ru/lib/ne/2018/8/2-8-bitnyie-mikrokontrolleryi-stm8], NXP microcontrollers. 8-bit microcontrollers [http://www.symmetron.ru/suppliers/nxp/catalogue-2009-3.shtml].

ATMEL can also be used, representing the AVR architecture, on the basis of which microcontrollers of the AT90S family are built, combines a powerful Harvard RISC processor with separate access to program and data memory, 32 general-purpose registers, each of which can work as a register-accumulator, and a developed fixed 16-bit length instruction set. Most of the instructions are executed in one machine cycle with the simultaneous execution of the current instruction and the fetch of the next instruction, which provides performance up to 1 MIPS per MHz of clock frequency. For example, an 8-bit microcontroller with 32Kbyte I / O flash memory - ATmega325P / V, ATmega3250P / V; structural diagram: [http://www.gaw.ru/html.cgi/txt/ic/Atmel/micros/avr/ATmega325_3250P_V.htm]

The circuit of the local controller is designed so that they can be quickly interchanged without changing the algorithm of the controller and without reconnecting the sensors of the local node;

- there is no common control cabinet and there is no need to connect wires from all sensors of all nodes to it, laying wires in cable channels;

- controllers use a standard interface (for example, RS-232);

- their state, depending on the sensors and the algorithm, the controllers sequentially alternately transmit through each other and can go to the local controller, which performs the function of the monitoring controller (when an LCD-LCD indicator is connected to it and the firmware is replaced);

- with this method and devices, it is possible to visually inspect all sensors of all units of the installation;

- the present invention simplifies and accelerates the diagnostics of the entire installation, which leads to a reduction in the cost of maintenance.

In addition, the lack of communication between the local controllers of the nodes will not affect the operation of the installation, thereby increasing the reliability of the operation.

In addition, the specified technical result is achieved due to the fact that the algorithm of operation of the local controllers of all nodes is unified and designed so that automatic mutual control between the units of the installation is carried out. An LCD indicator can be used. For example, LCD 1604 with blue backlight [https://electronov.net/product/lcd-1604-blue/?doing_wp_cron=1548131543.0059618949890136718750]

The connection of this indicator to the local controller is carried out using, (for example) a 10-pin connector, and the microcontroller, "seeing" the presence of the indicator on its buses, connects its internal algorithm to the firmware listing, where the local controller option is defined as a function of the controlling and diagnosing node.

The proposed method and system of local controllers have been successfully tested on real installations operating in settlements in the regions of the Omsk region.

Claims (7)

1. The water treatment control system, including water treatment units, characterized in that the water treatment units are an input mechanical cleaning filter with a unit for automatic switching to the flushing mode, an automatic feed pump, a fluctuator-ejector, a process pump, a pressure filter-deferrization filter, a pressure sorption filter filter, fine membrane filter, dispensing pump, UFO module, while the output of the input filter for mechanical cleaning is connected to an automatic feed pump, the output of which is connected to a fluctuator-ejector, which has three inputs: the main one - filtered water from the output of the automatic feed pump and two additional , one of which is connected to an automatic metering pump, the other to an oxygen or ozone generator, and the automatic metering pump has a second input coming from the signal output of the water meter, and the output of the fluctuator-ejector is connected to the input of the reactor tank, the output of which is connected with the inlet of the process pump, connect which, in turn, with a pressure filter-deferrization filter connected to a pressure sorbing filter, which is connected to a fine membrane filter, the output flow from which is fed to the inlet of the storage tank, which has drain pipes and a branch channel connected to the inlet of the distribution pump, the output of which is connected to the input of the UFO module, and the UFO module is connected to the monitoring controller, which is configured to control all pumps of the system through local controllers installed on each node of the system together with water condition monitoring sensors on each node, and each of these control sensors is connected to the local controller of this node. 2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the local controllers of each node have the same electrical circuit diagram and the same algorithm firmware. 3. The system of claim. 1, characterized in that the local controllers of each node are connected into a single network in such a way that the possibility of alternate transmission to the controller for monitoring the state of the sensors for diagnostics is provided. 4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the monitoring controller is configured to provide wireless remote control, telemetry and signaling. 5. A method for controlling water purification using the system according to claim 1, characterized in that the source water is supplied to the input filter of mechanical cleaning, then by an automatic supply pump, water is supplied to the fluctuator-ejector, to the first input of which oxygen or ozone is supplied from the generator, water , which has been treated by aeration or ozonation and fluctuation, is clarified and coagulated in a reactor tank, from which it is fed to a pressure filter-deferrizer, in which deferrization and demanganation are carried out, then degassing and sorption are carried out in a sorption filter, then at the unit of membrane fine cleaning is carried out desalination and disinfection, and purified water are accumulated in a storage tank, from which water is diverted for final disinfection into the UFO module, the mutual operation of all nodes is controlled using local controllers that are installed on each of these nodes, and with the help of local controllers, the state of the connected with them local sensors to the monitoring controller via a standard interface, and using the monitoring controller, they control all the pumps in the system via local controllers. 6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the circuit of each local controller is designed so that they can be quickly interchanged without changing the algorithm of the controller and without reconnecting the sensors of the local node. 7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, depending on the sensors and the algorithm, the controllers are successively transmitted through each other and then to the monitoring controller, and the work of the local controllers of all nodes is unified so that automatic mutual control is carried out between installation nodes.

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