RU2747235C1 - Sub-ice water sampling device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: instrumentation.

SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to the field of instrumentation in relation to hydrobiological and chemical research. The device for sub-ice water sampling consists of a propulsion module with a keel and hydrofoils, mounted on top of the propulsion module, a horizontally located sampler, two or more horizontal guiding devices fixed above the sampler, and a cord connected to the sampler control unit of the device. Also presented is a method for sampling under-ice water, which consists in moving along the lower surface of the ice field of the specified device.

EFFECT: increased reliability of sampling.

2 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The proposed invention relates to the field of instrumentation and can be used in hydrobiological and hydrochemical studies.

During scientific and monitoring studies in aquatic ecosystems during the presence of ice cover in the autumn, winter and spring seasons, it is necessary to measure hydrobiological and hydrochemical parameters in the entire water column, including in the sub-ice layer immediately adjacent to the ice. For this, it is necessary to be able to take samples of under-ice water at different ice strengths. During the autumn formation of ice and its spring thawing, the low strength of the ice makes it impossible to move along its surface and perform sampling by standard methods through the holes.

There is a known method of sampling sub-ice water, which consists in drilling ice and taking samples of sub-ice water through a hole (1-3). The disadvantages of this method include the need to move equipment on the ice and perform work on ice drilling from its surface. During the period of ice formation in the fall and during the ice melting in the spring, the ice does not have the necessary mechanical strength, which makes the sampling process impossible. The use of icebreaker-type floating means for sampling leads to a violation of the structure of the upper (under-ice) layer of the water column and mixing of ice fragments with under-ice water, which significantly reduces the measurement accuracy.

The aim of the present invention is to provide the possibility of obtaining samples of under-ice water in the spring, winter and autumn periods, especially during periods of low ice strength.

The stated goal in the method and device is achieved by the fact that sampling is performed by samplers moving along the lower boundary of the ice.

Possibility of implementation

The drawing (Fig. 1) shows the general construction of the sampler. The device consists of one sampler (1), a propulsion module (2) with hydrofoils (3) and a keel (4), a sampler trigger (5) with a control cord (6, upper guiding elements (7). ) consists of a cylindrical tube (8) with two covers (9) connected by an elastic element (10) (for example, a rubber cord). In the open state, the covers are fixed by a trigger. Above the sampler there are upper guide elements in the form of an inverted ski with the front and rear edges. These elements are designed to prevent the device from locking on irregularities of the lower surface of the ice field. In addition, the presence of these guides makes it possible not to destroy the weak elements of the lower structure of the ice field, which also provides an increase in the accuracy of measurements.

The engine module (Fig. 3) consists of a housing (11), a battery (12) and an engine (13) located in a sealed compartment of the housing, a screw (14). The tightness of the engine compartment is ensured by a bulkhead (15) with a hermetically sealed motor shaft. To prevent the propeller from blocking by underwater plants and debris, the propeller is located inside the leaky part of the engine module. Windows (16) are made in the unsealed part of the module for water to flow to the propeller during movement.

The structure as a whole has positive buoyancy and, in the absence of movement, floats to the surface of the water. The propulsion module has hydrofoils that bury the device while in motion.

The device works as follows.

The device is launched from the shore or on board a floating vehicle (boat, boat, vessel) located in an ice-free water area. The operator puts the sampler in the open cocked state (the covers are fixed in the open state) and turns on the device motor. The switched on device is placed in water. The direction of movement is set taking into account the possible drift by the current. At the initial stage of movement, the control cord is released without tension. In this case, due to the negative angles of the hydrofoils, the device is immersed in the water to a certain depth. When the device is expected to reach the sampling zone, the operator stops the cord. In this case, the device floats due to positive buoyancy to the lower boundary of the ice. Due to the work of the screw, the nose of the device will rise up and press against the lower boundary of the ice. During sampling, the cord is slowly etched away and the device slides along the bottom of the ice.

After the device has traveled the distance required for sampling, the operator, with a sharp movement of the cord, activates the trigger that closes the samplers. The operator gently pulls on the cord, pulling the device towards him, takes it out of the water and turns off the engine. The sample is poured into a shipping container.

The advantages of the proposed method of sub-ice water intake include:

1) The possibility of conducting research in a period when it is impossible to obtain samples by alternative methods.

2) There is no mechanical destruction of the structures of the ice field and the pollution of the sample of under-ice water with biological and chemical components contained in the ice mass.

3) The method is easy to use, does not require redundant operations.

Sources of information used

1. Sazhin A.F. Phototrophic and heterotrophic nano- and microorganisms of sea ice and sub-ice water in Guba Chupa (Chupa Inlet), White Sea, in April 2002. Polar Research, 2004, 23 (1), p. 11-18.

2. Sazhin A.F., Mosharov S.A., Romanova N.D., Mosharova I.V. Primary and Bacterial Production in Ice Layer and Under-ice Water of the White Sea in early spring Proceedings of the20th IAHR International Symposium on Ice. Lahti, Finland, June 14 to 18, 2010. P. 1-13.

3. Sazhin A.F., Ratkova T.N., Mosharov S.A., Romanova, Mosharova I.V., Portnova. Biological components of seasonal ice / Biological resources of the White Sea: study and use. Studies of the fauna of the seas. 2012 / Ed .: Berger V.Ya. T. 69 (77). SPb: ZIN RAS. S. 97-116.

Claims (2)

1. A device for sampling under ice water, consisting of a propulsion module with a keel and hydrofoils, mounted on top of the propulsion module, a horizontally located sampler, two or more horizontal guiding devices fixed above the sampler, a cord attached to the control unit of the samplers of the device. 2. A method for taking samples of under-ice water, which consists in moving the device according to claim 1 along the lower surface of the ice field.

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