RU2746247C1 - Method for increasing productivity and resistance of plants to stress factors - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: biotechnology.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of biotechnology. The invention is a method for increasing the productivity and complex resistance of plants to stress. The treatment of seeds or vegetative plants with a drug is carried out. The drug is prepared by squeezing the biomass of dark grapes using a press and separating the biomass from the juice. After that the biomass is dried in a drying cabinet at a temperature of 30 °C and ground in an electric mill. The first component of the drug is obtained when the active substances are extracted from the crushed dry biomass of grape berries with 96% of ethanol for 14 days at room temperature (22-24 °C) in a ratio of 10 parts of dry matter to 90 parts of ethanol. The second component is obtained by extracting from the grinding dust formed during grinding of the seed material of sugar beet by extracting with 96% of ethanol from dry matter at a concentration of 0.001% and keeping at a temperature of 22-24 °C for 2 weeks. The first and second components are mixed in a ratio of 3 : 1 in an amount of 10% of the total volume and diluted with filler, namely 0.1% polyacrylamide hydrogel in an amount of 90% of the total volume. Pre-sowing treatment of seeds is carried out at a consumption rate of 50, or 60, or 70 ml/t or vegetative plants can be sprayed in the phase of 2-3 true leaves at a consumption rate of 50 or 70 ml/ha

EFFECT: method, due to the multifunctional action of the new agent, is ecologically safe and allows increasing the productivity of agricultural crops by 11-25% as well as resistance to diseases and pesticidal stress.

1 cl, 4 tbl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and is intended to increase the yield and resistance of plants to diseases and pesticide stresses.

A known method of increasing the yield of agricultural crops, consisting in the use of funds based on a complex of physiologically active substances isolated from the lyophilisate of winter rye extract (proteins, vitamins, polysaccharides). When treating wheat plants with this agent (Stifun preparation), an increase in their adaptive potential to stress factors was noted (Lubyanov A.A. Mechanisms of action of the plant growth regulator Stifun and its protective properties under conditions of cadmium stress. Abstract of the thesis. Candidate of Biological Sciences. Ufa. - 2009.24 p.). When processing the seeds of spring rye, an increase in the energy of germination and germination of seeds was observed, the productive bushiness of plants increased, the number of ears increased, the infestation of plants by root rot and leaf diseases decreased, which in general contributed to an increase in yield up to 18% (Yakhin I.A., Yakhin O.I. ., Vakulenko VV Stifun - a new plant growth regulator with fungicidal activity // Plant protection and quarantine. 2000. No. 4, P. 19). The disadvantage of this tool is the need to use expensive equipment upon receipt.

There is a known method of increasing the productivity and immunity of agricultural crops using a preparation based on fir tree greens - a plant growth regulator with fungicidal action of Verva, which has an immuno- and growth-stimulating effect on plants and is a composition of salts of triterpene acids and neutral components of needles (RF Patent 2298327 . Kuchin A.V., Khurshkainen T.V., Kuchin V.V., Skripova N.N., publ. 10.05.2007). The drug accelerates the processes of maturation of agricultural crops, has an immunizing and anti-stress effect on plants.

The closest to the claimed object, taken as a prototype, is a method for increasing the productivity and resistance of plants to diseases, involving the use of Novosil on the basis of plant metabolites - triterpenes obtained from Siberian fir, which is a natural regulator of plant growth and development and, having a set of useful properties , has a growth-regulating and fungicidal effect on plants. The use of Novosil provides an increase in plant resistance to various diseases (I.A.Graskova, E.V. Kuznetsova, M.A. Zhivetyev, V.M. Chekurov, V.K. Voinikov. Effect of processing with coniferous extracts on potato plants // Siberian Bulletin of Agricultural Science. 2010. No. 12. P.52-58; Chekurov V.M., Kozlov V.E., Titkov I.P. Stability and productivity of cereals under the influence of preparations from conifers // Regulators of plant growth and development in biotechnology // Mater, conf. - M. 2001. P. 291; G.V. Yakuba, V.M. Chekurov., V.V. Vakulenko, D.N. Gusin, V.V. Shatrov, A.I. Vdovenko, SR Cherkezova. The use of terpenoids on apple trees in the south of Russia // Plant protection and quarantine. 2008. No. 2. P. 45-47). The disadvantage of the prototype is the insufficiently high immunizing and growth-stimulating activity. In addition, the preparation technology is complex, environmentally unsafe, and requires expensive equipment.

The aim of the present invention is to enhance the resistance of plants to phytopathogens and increase their productivity when treated with a product obtained from the fruit elements of two plants: grapes {Vitis vinifera L.) and sugar beet {Beta vulgaris L.). The product is obtained by extracting biologically active components from grapes and grinding dust formed during grinding of sugar beet fruits and consisting mainly of pericarp, which contains a large amount of plant hormones.

In the medical industry, methods are known for obtaining extracts of biologically active substances from plant materials by extraction with ethyl alcohol (RF patent 2001134259, July 27, 2003; RF patent 2336888, July 20, 2014; RF patent 1737797, November 30, 1994). These products are not intended for use in agriculture in order to increase crop yields and plant resistance to diseases and pesticide stresses. However, there is a known method of obtaining 70% ethanol extracts of biologically active substances from rhubarb plants, which are intended to reduce the development of phytopathogens on various agricultural crops (Gladkaya A.A. Research of plant raw materials Rheum rhaponticum and determination of the biological effectiveness of extracts to protect cucumber seedlings from powdery mildew. ( Prospects for medicinal plant breeding, International Scientific Conference. Moscow, 2018, pp. 388-395. ISBN 978-5-87019-084; Gladkaya AA dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Biological Sciences "Biological substantiation of the use of extracts from plants of the genus Rheum as plant protection products. ”Chisinau, 2019, 28 p.).

The objective of the present invention is the induction of immune responses of plants in relation to phytopathogens and the stimulation of growth processes when using an environmentally friendly agent based on biologically active substances obtained by extraction with ethanol alcohol from plant material (fruit elements of grapes and sugar beets).

The technical result is a method of increasing the productivity and resistance of plants to stress factors during the treatment of seeds or vegetative plants using a new agent, the active principle of which is a complex of natural biologically active substances with an elicitor effect, extracted by 96% ethanol from dark grapes and seed grapes. material formed during grinding of sugar beet fruits at a concentration of 10 and 0.001%, respectively, and their subsequent mixing in a ratio of 3: 1 with dilution with a filler - 0.1% polyacrylamide hydrogel in a ratio of 1: 9.

Implementation of the invention. The result is achieved by the fact that to increase the productivity and complex resistance of plants to stress, a product is used, obtained by extraction with 96% ethanol of biologically active substances contained in the plant mass of dried and crushed grapes, as well as grinding dust of sugar beet seed, with their subsequent mixing with 0.1% polyacrylamide hydrogel in a 1: 9 ratio.

The essence of this invention is illustrated by graphical representations, where in FIG. 1 shows a graph of the effect of the new agent on the induction of protective reactions of winter wheat plants in relation to leaf septoria;

in fig. 2 shows a graph of the effect of the new agent on the growth and development of soybean plants;

in fig. 3 shows a graph of the anti-stress action of the new agent in the chemical treatment of corn seeds (laboratory experiment);

in fig. 4 shows a graph of the effectiveness of the multifunctional action of the new agent in the pre-sowing treatment of corn seeds.

This method provides for:

1. Squeezing the biomass from the juice using a press, drying dark grapes in a drying cabinet at a temperature of 30 ° C until dry and then grinding them in an electric mill.

2. Obtaining the first component of the product when extracting active ingredients from the dry biomass of dark grape grapes: mineral elements (potassium, phosphorus, calcium, zinc, iron, boron - from 7.8 × 10 ^-7 % to 3.3 × 10 ^-3 %) and organic compounds (polyphenols, amino acids, glucans, vitamins, natural hormones, etc. in a natural ratio), by extraction with 96% ethanol for 14 days at room temperature (22-24 ° C) in 10% concentration (10 parts dry matter 90 parts of ethanol). In chemical and analytical studies, the amino acid content is not less than 0.0025%, the polyphenol resveratrol content is not less than 0.0017%.

3. Obtaining the second component: hormones (including abscisic acid) and other biologically active substances are extracted from the grinding dust formed during the grinding of sugar beet seed material by extraction with 96% ethanol from dry matter (0.001%) and keeping at a temperature 22-24 ° C for 2 weeks.

4. The first and second components of the product are mixed in a 3: 1 ratio (10% of the total volume) and diluted with a filler - 0.1% polyacrylamide hydrogel (90% of the total volume).

5. Presowing seed treatment or spraying of vegetative plants at the optimum time in certain dosages.

It was found that in the composition of the new agent, in addition to the microelements necessary for plants, there is a complex of biologically active substances that exhibit an elicitor effect (resveratrol, ayuscisic acid, amino acids), while signaling substances trigger the NADPH-oxidase and salicylate signaling systems of cells, which, in their turn, they include in the work of immune and hormonal reactions, leading to an increase in the natural immunity of plants and growth processes.

The invention is illustrated by the following examples:

Experiment 1. The purpose of the experiment consisted in a comparative assessment of the biological effectiveness (immunizing effect) and the growth-regulating effect of the new agent and the fungicide Tachigaren during pre-sowing seed treatment at a rate of 60 ml / t.

In a field experiment, a significant positive effect of the new agent on the resistance of plants to root root seedlings was established. Germination: in relation to the control increased by 5.7%, to the chemical dressing agent Tachigaren - by 2.6% (table 1).

The protective reactions in plants induced by the treatment with this agent made it possible to reduce the harmfulness of leaf diseases by 63.2%, while the chemical fungicide did not have a systemic prolonged action.

The growth-stimulating effect of the new agent was expressed in an increase in the mass of the root crop, which was reflected in an increase in yield relative to the control by 11%, while the toxic effect of the fungicide caused a decrease in crop yield. The tool also contributed to an increase in the sugar content in root crops by 1.7%, which caused an increase in the technological sugar yield from 1 hectare by 21.5%.

Experiment 2. The purpose of the experiment consisted in a comparative assessment of the effectiveness of the multifunctional action of the new agent and the growth regulator Novosil when processing vegetative barley plants.

In terms of the protective effect against pathogens of helminthosporious spots on the leaves, the new agent showed a higher efficiency than the reference drug Novosil (table 2).

The immunizing effect of up to 26% was preserved up to the milky ripeness of the grain. In terms of the activation of photosynthetic processes, the new agent was approximately at the same level as the standard, but the effect on vegetative growth was significantly stronger. According to all indicators of the structure of the yield, the product surpassed the indicators of the standard, the growth-stimulating effect of which did not manifest itself under the conditions of the growing season. As a result, the increase in yield in the experimental version was 15.9%. The main factor that caused the increase in yield was an increase in the productive tillering of plants.

Experiment 3. The purpose of the experiment consisted in a comparative assessment of the new agent (70 ml / ha) with a single treatment of winter wheat plants in the tillering phase in spring and the plant growth regulator Novosil in the recommended dosage (50 ml / ha) with a double treatment in the tillering phase and the beginning earing.

Against the background of a low development of root rot in terms of the effect on the immune responses of plants in relation to these diseases, significant differences in the action of both biological products were not established, however, in terms of the level of induction of immune responses relative to the main harmful disease - septoria on the leaves, the new agent was superior to the reference drug Novosil ( Fig. 1). Moreover, by the stage of milk ripeness, systemic prolonged immunity was absent in the standard, but in the experimental version it remained noticeable against a sufficiently high infectious background (in control, the development of the disease was 24.6%).

The treatment of plants with a new agent had a positive effect on the photosynthetic activity of plants in the phase of milk ripeness, which exceeded the control values by up to 24% (the standard was by 5%). The leaf area increased by 12% (reference - 2.3%).

The treatment of plants with a new agent induced the antistress activity of plants, which, in the conditions of the dry growing season, had a significant effect on the safety of plants. A positive effect on the growth and development of plants was manifested in an increase in the productive tillering and assimilation area of leaves, which, in general, led to an increase in grain yield by 15.9%. The efficiency of Novosil was at the level of control values (table 3).

Experience 4. The purpose of the experiment consisted in a comparative assessment of the effectiveness of the multifunctional action of the new agent and the reference plant growth regulator - Novosil, with different regulations for use on soybeans. The standard was applied according to the recommended regulations.

In terms of the activity of the immunizing action against anthracnose, the test agent, with a single treatment of plants in the phase of 2-3 trifoliate leaves, showed biological effectiveness - 25.3%, Novosil - 16.0%.

When evaluating the effect of growth regulators on plants, it was found that both the reference drug and the new agent, when used twice (seed treatment and in the phase of 2-3 true leaves), had some inhibitory effect on the assimilation surface of plants. At a consumption rate of the test agent of 50 ml with a single treatment of seeds or vegetative plants, a significant increase in the content of chlorophyll in the leaves, as well as in the area of the trifoliate leaf, was achieved, which ultimately caused an increase in the productivity of photosynthesis by 11.5 and 19.5%, respectively (Fig. 2 ).

In unfavorable weather conditions (cold spring and drought in August), the new remedy has shown significant effectiveness of a multifunctional action. The increase in yield relative to the control when processing seeds was 20.3%, and when processing vegetative plants - 16.9%. When using Novosil, the yield increase was 9.3%. This is evidence of a higher anti-stress and growth-stimulating activity of the new agent. An increase in productivity was achieved due to increased branching of plants - up to 47% relative to control, an increase in the number of inflorescences and beans - up to 15-27% (the standard - by 4.3 and 5.1-20.5%, respectively) (table 4).

Experiment 5. The purpose of the experiment was to prove the anti-stress properties of the new agent when treating corn seeds together with the fungicide Maxim XL.

In a laboratory experiment with pre-sowing seed treatment, it was shown that the fungicide had a stressful effect on plants, which led to a significant decrease in the germination of corn seeds, while when a new agent was added to the working mixture for processing at a rate of 70 ml / t, pesticide stress was removed The positive effect of the new agent on the development of sprouts was also noted, while when treated with one fungicide, the sprout length was significantly lower than the control (Fig. 3).

Experiment 6. The purpose of the field experiment consisted in a comparative test of a new product with a chemical dressing agent Maxim XL and a biological product Sprintalga based on natural components from algae. Due to the removal of pesticidal stress and increased seed germination, the density of plant standing relative to the use of one chemical dressing increased when combined with a new agent up to 23%. Due to the positive multifunctional effect on plants, the yield of corn grain in comparison with the use of one chemical dressing increased by 14.9% (Fig. 4).

Thus, as a result of laboratory and field studies, a higher growth and immunostimulating activity of the new agent was established in comparison with the prototype (Novosil) and other drugs. The anti-stress effect of the new agent makes it possible to reduce the negative effects of the use of chemical pesticides and, when used together with them, to increase the plant density, as well as the yield of corn and sugar beet root crops to 11-16%. The increase in the yield of various crops due to the multifunctional action of the new agent ranged from 11 to 25%.

Claims (1)

A method of increasing the productivity and complex resistance of plants to stress, providing for the treatment of seeds or vegetative plants with a preparation, characterized in that the preparation is prepared by squeezing the biomass of dark grape grapes using a press from the juice, drying the biomass of berries in a drying cabinet at a temperature of 30 ° C to dry state and grinding in an electric mill, the first component of the preparation is obtained when the active substances are extracted from the crushed dry biomass of grape berries by extraction with 96% ethanol for 14 days at room temperature 22-24 ° C in a ratio of 10 parts of dry matter to 90 parts of ethanol , the second component is obtained by extracting from the grinding dust formed during the grinding of sugar beet seed material by extracting with 96% ethanol from dry matter at a concentration of 0.001% and keeping at a temperature of 22-24 ° C for 2 weeks, mix the first and second components in a ratio of 3: 1 in the amount of 10% of the total volume and diluted with a filler - 0.1% polyacrylamide hydrogel in an amount of 90% of the total volume, pre-sowing treatment of seeds is carried out at a consumption rate of 50, or 60, or 70 ml / t or spraying of vegetative plants in the phase of 2-3 true leaves at a rate flow rate 50 or 70 ml / ha.

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