RU2316960C2 - Method for sucking pests control - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, horticulture, vegetable growing, flower growing of open and protected ground.

SUBSTANCE: for spraying plants against sucking pests, plant lice, scale insects among them, it is important to fulfill complex treatment with succinic acid solution that additionally contains Aphidin at diluting these aphicide preparations in 10 l water. The ratio of the components: succinic acid 0.005 weight%; Aphidin 1 weight%. The innovation enables to improve plants development, accelerate their entering the phase of fruit bearing and increase crop yields.

EFFECT: higher efficiency of pest control.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture and can be used in gardening, horticulture and floriculture of open and protected soil.

A known chemical method of controlling sucking pests using various pesticides (M.A. Prokofiev. Protection of Siberian gardens from pests. M., 1987. - 236 S.).

The negative aftereffect of the chemical method of protection is manifested in the violation of the human immune system, in the pollution of agricultural products and the environment with pesticide residues, in the deterioration of the quality of agricultural products.

Of particular danger is the use of pesticides in protected ground conditions, where favorable environmental conditions contribute to the mass reproduction of sucking pests, primarily aphids. Against this group of pests spend up to 30 treatments per year. Meanwhile, the use of pesticides in protected ground is especially undesirable. Here, due to the limited supply of ultraviolet rays, the persistence of chemicals rises sharply. Slow decomposition of drugs and repeated processing dramatically worsen the sanitary and hygienic working conditions.

Horticultural products are designed to cleanse the human body of various toxic substances, used for the manufacture of baby and diet food. In this regard, pesticide residues in fruits and berries are undesirable.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result (prototype) is a method of combating sucking pests, such as aphids, using succinic acid as an acid (Lotashko V.M., Badovskaya L.A., Ivashchenko II, Tatarnikova M .N. Use of succinic acid as an acidide. Patent No. 2050776, RF // BI 1995. - No. 36. - 141 p.).

The method is as follows. Succinic acid of the “h.” Grade (99%) or technical (85%) is diluted in water and is used to spray plants with a consumption rate of 10-40 g / ha.

The use of succinic acid as an acidide is effective against aphids on cabbage, peas, alfalfa and cucumbers.

Unlike chemical pesticides, succinic acid is completely harmless. It is used in medicine and the food industry.

The disadvantages of succinic acid as an acidide are its weak effectiveness and deterioration of plant development against the background of a high number of aphids, as well as an insufficiently wide spectrum of action.

The aim of the present invention is to increase the effectiveness of succinic acid as an acidide against the background of a high number of aphids, ensuring better development of plants and expanding the spectrum of action.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the known method of spraying plants against aphids with succinic acid, according to the invention, the treatment is carried out with succinic acid introduced into the preparation of Afidine. Afidin was obtained on the basis of plant lipids and insecticidal soaps in the plant protection laboratory of the Siberian Research Institute of Horticulture named after M.A.Lisavenko (Shamanskaya L.D. Natural, biologically active compounds as environmentally friendly means of protecting the apple tree. // Problems of greening modern gardening and ways to solve them. / Materials of the international conference September 7-10, 2004, Krasnodar, 2004. - S.516-528). The drug is effective against aphids on garden, vegetable and flower crops in open and protected ground. The biological effectiveness of 90.0-100%.

The introduction of succinic acid in Afidin enhances the acid effect against the background of a high number of aphids, provides better development of plants and expands its spectrum of action.

Comparative analysis with the prototype allows us to conclude that the claimed method of controlling sucking pests meets the criterion of "novelty." An analysis of the known solutions in the study area allows us to conclude that there are no signs in them that are similar to the distinctive features in the claimed method of controlling sucking pests, and to recognize the claimed solution meets the criterion of "inventive step".

The method is as follows. Afidine, in an amount of 100 g was placed in the capacity of the tissue grinder PT-1, 0.5 g of “h” grade succinic acid (99.0%) was added and mixed for 5-6 minutes. A stable, yellowish, ointment concentrate was obtained. The concentrate volume was adjusted to 10 L, a working emulsion was obtained, which was used for spraying plants from a knapsack sprayer with a flow rate of 0.2 to 2 L per tree, depending on the age of the plants. The consumption of succinic acid per 1 ha is 50 g. When choosing the consumption rate, we were guided by the fact that in many years of experience it is advisable to test a higher rate than recommended in the prototype (10-40 g), as it can be seen from table 1 (prototype) that with an increase in the succinic acid consumption rate from 40 to 80 g / ha, cabbage yield increased.

When processing the apple tree with Afidine, aphid death occurs quickly, within 15-30 minutes, depending on weather conditions. This contributes to the active growth of pest free plants.

Succinic acid has an additional toxic effect on pests and stimulates the development of plants.

The method is implemented in the plantings of the apple tree of the "Experimental Field" Research Institute of Gardening of Siberia. The experience in the complex use of succinic acid and Afidine against green apple aphids was carried out in 4 replicates using the varieties Zhebrovskoye and the Firebird. The death of aphids was taken into account by viewing under a microscope MBS-9 ten damaged leaves in each repetition and counting the number of living and dead individuals. Pest death was recorded one day after treatment. The resulting material was processed according to the method of K. A. Gara (Methods of testing the toxicity and effectiveness of pesticides. M., 1963. - 286 S.).

The dynamics of the number of aphids was taken into account by counting all phases of the pest on ten leaves of each repetition once a decade. The data presented in table 1 indicate a low toxic effect of succinic acid, tested in its pure form, 2.1-9.5%.

Table 1
The effectiveness of succinic acid against green apple aphids Experience Options The death of aphids,% 2002 2003 2004 2005 1.07 08/19 12.07 08/13 06/17 08/13 06/23 07/13 Control - no processing 0 2.0 3.8 3.8 3.0 4,5 0.4 0.5 Succinic acid - 0.005% (prototype) 2.1 9.5 2,3 7.1 5,6 6.1 4.1 2.0 Afidine - 1% 92.0 99.1 91.1 89.4 one hundred 90.7 89.7 91.3 Succinic acid 0.005% + Afidine 1% 99.8 99.6 95.0 95.9 one hundred 99.8 94.2 97.5 NDS _0.05 1.9 2.6 27.4 6.5 8.7 4.3 2.9 3,1

Against this background of treatment, with the initial low number of aphids, their moderate reproduction was noted, which led to a decrease in the pest population in the first year of apple growing by 8.2 times, and in subsequent years against the background of a high number of aphids by 1.5-1.4 times (table 2).

table 2
The dynamics of the number of green apple aphids on different processing backgrounds. Grade Zhebrovskoe Years of testing Experience Options Accounting dates The decrease in population, in the number of times June July I II III I II III 2002 Control - no processing 46 87 136 95 71 24 1.9 Succinic acid 0.005% (prototype) 58 40 28 fifteen 19 7 8.2 Afidine - 1% 54 3 19 29th 31 35 1,5 Succinic acid 0.005% + Afidine 1% 63 2 12 25 24 26 31.5 2003 Control - no processing 635 928 1011 816 723 400 1,5 Succinic acid 0.005% (prototype) 681 814 1031 825 698 427 1,6 Afidine - 1% 703 8 29th 49 56 65 10.8 Succinic acid 0.005% + Afidine 1% 711 5 eighteen 31 41 38 18.7 2004 Control - no processing 863 1043 1752 1153 1211 528 1,6 Succinic acid 0.005% (prototype) 1025 916 1435 1230 1025 574 1.7 Afidine - 1% 935 5 19 36 48 93 10.1 Succinic acid 0.005% + Afidine 1% 948 3 eleven 23 36 27 35.0 2005 Control - no processing 215 286 359 308 286 119 1.3 Succinic acid 0.005% (prototype) 243 228 276 315 283 167 1.4 Afidine - 1% 254 9 17 23 39 fifty 5.1 Succinic acid 0.005% + Afidine 1% 261 7 fifteen 32 2 7 37,2

However, transferring a population to the lowest level of abundance, undermining its resources and eliminating repeated mass reproduction is possible only if the abundance of the initial population is reduced by 15 times, which ensures processing efficiency of at least 93% (Zherikhin V.V. forecasting // Ecological forecasting. - M .: Nauka, 1979. - S.113-132). In this regard, succinic acid can not be considered an effective means of protecting the apple tree from green apple aphids when using it against the background of a high number of pests.

The biological effectiveness of Afidine in most cases was below 93% (Table 1), which is associated with a high population density of colonies and a deterioration in the wettability of harmful objects.

The maximum death of the pest was obtained using the claimed method of 94.2-100% (table 1).

The number of green apple aphids against this background of processing decreased by 18.7-37.2 times (Table 2), which significantly exceeds the optimal indicator (15%), which excludes the possibility of repeated mass reproduction of pests. Therefore, only the method proposed as an invention, involving the use of succinic acid in the preparation of Afidine, can be considered quite effective among the others tested against green apple aphids.

Succinic acid due to the stimulating effect on plants ensured their good development in comparison with the control (Table 3), despite the significant number of aphids. However, against this background of treatment, the slow entry of plants into fruiting was noted in comparison with the control and other means of protection.

Table 3
Apple tree development on different processing backgrounds Experience Options Total growth per plant, m 2002 2003 2004 2005 Zhebrovskoe Firebird Zhebrovvskoe Firebird Zhebrovskoe Firebird Zhebrovskoe Firebird Control - no processing 1,2 1.3 3.6 4.1 14.1 10.8 21.8 18.9 Succinic acid 0.005% (prototype) 2.1 2,4 4.3 5.3 17.1 15.6 20.7 25.5 Afidine - 1% 2.0 2,3 4.9 5.2 21.1 16.3 25,4 25.8 Succinic acid 0.005% + Afidine 1% 2.1 2.2 5,6 5.3 26.2 17.4 39.7 26.7 NDS _0.005 0.7 1,1 0.5 0.7 7.5 0.3 1,6 0.9

Against the background of treatment with Afidine, entry into fruiting was more friendly: 20.9-48.4% in the first year and 86.3-100% in the second year (Table 4).

Table 4
The entry of the apple tree into fruiting on different processing backgrounds Experience Options Number of fruit trees 2004 2005 Zhebrovskoe Firebird Zhebrovskoe Firebird Control - no processing 18.8 8.3 82.5 one hundred Succinic acid 0.005% (prototype) 8.3 0 75.0 one hundred Afidine - 1% 48,4 20.9 86.3 one hundred Succinic acid 0.005% + Afidine 1% 57.5 22.0 one hundred one hundred NDS _0.05 9.6 7.8 F _f <F _t F _f <F _t

A more pronounced growth-promoting effect was obtained by processing the Zhebrovskoye variety in the claimed method in 2004-2005. Against this background of treatment, the most active entry into fruiting was noted, 22.0-57.5% in the first year and 100% in the second year (Table 4).

Accounting for yield showed the absence of a statistical difference between the experimental options and the control for the Firebird variety. For the variety Zhebrovskoye, the maximum yield of 3.77 t / ha was obtained against the background of the processing by the claimed method (Table 5).

Table 5
Productivity and mass of fruits on different backgrounds of apple processing. 2005 year Experience Options Productivity, t / ha Weight is 50 fruits, kg Zhebrovskoe Firebird Zhebrovskoe Firebird Control - no processing 1,64 1.42 1.3 1.9 Succinic acid 0.005% (prototype) 1.46 3.01 1,5 2,4 Afidine - 1% 2,5 3.2 1,5 2.1 Succinic acid 0.005% + Afidine 1% 3.77 3.38 1.7 2.1 NDS _0.05 2.1 1.93 F _f <F _t 0.6

Succinic acid provided a yield of 1.46-3.01 t / ha, Afidine - 2.5-3.2 t / ha.

Biochemical analysis of the fruits showed a significant improvement in their quality against the background of the processing of the claimed method. Against this background of the treatment, an increase in the sugar content of the fruits, a decrease in the acid content, an increase in the sugar-acid index in the variety Zhebrovskoye to 27.5 versus 15.3 when treated with succinic acid and 20.8 when treated with Afidine were noted (Table 6).

This indicates a significant improvement in the taste of the fruit on the background of the processing of the claimed means. Against this background, processing of the Firebird variety, an increased content of vitamin C was noted.

The increased content of pectin, especially water-soluble, was obtained against the same background of treatment according to the variety Zhebrovsky.

Table 6
The biochemical composition of apple fruits on different processing backgrounds. 2005 year Experience Options Solids,% Sugar,% Acidity% Sugar Acid Index Vitamin C, mg /% Pectins,% the amount water soluble Zhebrovskoe Control - no processing 15.0 11.0 0.8 13.9 39.2 0.5 0.4 Succinic acid 0.005% (prototype) 14.5 10.7 0.7 15.3 36,2 0.5 0.4 Afidine - 1% 14.3 10.9 0.5 20.8 36.8 0.5 0.5 Succinic acid 0.005% + Afidine 1% 14.2 11.0 0.4 27.5 32,7 0.9 0.5 Firebird Control - no processing 15.4 9.8 1,1 8.9 21.8 0.8 0.5 Succinic acid 0.005% (prototype) 13.3 9.8 0.7 14.0 19.6 0.9 0.6 Afidine - 1% 13.5 10.8 0.9 11.6 20.9 0.8 0.7 Succinic acid 0.005% + Afidine 1% 13.7 12.9 1,1 11.7 21.6 0.8 0.7

Thus, the claimed method using succinic acid in the preparation of Afidin increases the acid effect of the treatment, which allows to reduce the population of green apple aphids to a level that excludes the possibility of repeated mass reproduction of the pest.

Succinic acid in the composition of the drug Afidin contributes to better development of plants, more active entry into fruiting, increased productivity and improved biochemical composition of fruits.

The effectiveness of the claimed method is tested against various types of aphids in garden, citrus and vegetable crops, as well as against scale insects on indoor plants. The test results are presented in table 7.

Table 7
The effectiveness of the drug succinic acid in the preparation Afidin against sucking pests Experience Options The death of pests,% aphids Scabies on indoor plants raspberry shoot viburnum striped plum melon and lemon peach on pepper seedlings Control - no processing 0.3 1,2 0.6 2,3 0.9 0.3-0.8 Succinic acid 0.005% (prototype) 6.3 7.8 1.3 4.6 1,6 1.3-5.2 Afidine - 1% 89.6 90.3 86.4 89.5 95.6 86.3-90.4 Succinic acid 0.005% + Afidine 1% 98.3 97.6 95.3 90.0 one hundred 95.6-99.5 NDS _0.05 12.5 22.6 14.3 16,2 17.1 19.3-22.4

As can be seen from table 7, the effectiveness of succinic acid against various types of aphids was low and amounted to 1.3-7.8% against scale insects on indoor plants 1.3-5.2%.

The effectiveness of Afidin against various types of aphids was 86.4-90.3% against scabies on indoor plants 86.3-90.4%.

In either case, the processing efficiency cannot be considered high enough, since it does not exclude the possibility of repeated mass infection of pests.

Succinic acid, introduced into the Afidin preparation, ensured the death of various species of aphids at the level of 95.3-98.3%, which guarantees an effective decrease in the pest population and only in relation to the melon aphids on lemons the efficiency was not high enough - 90.0%. Additional tests showed that in this case, to obtain a high effect, the working concentration of the solution must be increased by 2 times.

When protecting indoor plants from scale insects, the effectiveness of the claimed funds was high and amounted to 95.6-99.5%.

Thus, the additional introduction of succinic acid into Afidine provides a wider spectrum of action of the drug and makes it possible to use it not only for protection against aphids, but also against scale insects on indoor plants with an efficiency index of more than 93%, eliminating the repeated mass reproduction of pests.

In addition, the introduction of succinic acid in the composition of the drug Afidin improves its technological properties, namely, contributes to its better dissolution in water and increases the shelf life from one year to three years.

The claimed tool showed a pronounced selective effect on beneficial insects and predatory mites, which fully retain their viability.

The composition of the proposed funds: plant lipids and insecticidal soap, which form the basis of the drug Afidin, as well as succinic acid are safe components that allow you to grow environmentally friendly products.

Claims (1)

A method of controlling sucking pests, including treating plants with succinic acid, characterized in that the treatment is carried out with a solution additionally containing Afidin with diluting a mixture of these acidic agents in 10 l of water in the following ratio, wt.%: succinic acid 0.005 Aphidine one