RU2744623C1 - Valve for positive crancase ventilation with air purification - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: ventilation technology.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of ventilation, in particular to positive crancase ventilation valves with air purification. It is designed to supply air indoors and effectively clean it. The device contains sequentially arranged filters inside a plastic head of a rectangular shape measuring 200 by 200 mm with slots, installed in a plastic pipe with an outer diameter of 100 mm: the first and second filters - with sorption loads of shungite (fractions of 1 mm) and zeolite (fractions of 1-3 mm), the thickness of each layer of the sorbent is 20 mm, and the third filter - photocatalytic, consisting of a thin porous plate of titanium dioxide (TiO2) and two UV lamps with a wavelength of 365 nm (UV-A range), with a power of 6 W each, arranged vertically in a row. Filters with sorption loading of shungite (fractions of 1 mm) and with sorption loading of zeolite (fractions of 1-3 mm) adsorb solid and gaseous impurities and then the supply air passes through a photocatalytic filter, where the gaseous substances between a thin porous plate of titanium dioxide (TiO2) and two UV lamps are oxidized to safe element compounds (carbon dioxide and gaseous water-water vapor). Further, high quality air after cleaning in the valve is supplied indoors.

EFFECT: improved quality of cleaning the supply air supplied indoors from gaseous inorganic and organic substances.

1 cl, 2 dwg, 2 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the field of ventilation, in particular to forced ventilation valves with air purification. Designed to supply air to the room and effectively clean it.

Known air infiltration valve (KIV-M) (patent for invention No. RU 2400676 C1, IPC F24F 13/10 (2006/01), publ. 09/27/2010, bull. No. 27, author: Demidov Mikhail Alexandrovich), which includes in itself a channel (nozzle), a porous insulation located in the nozzle, an inner insert, fasteners, an inner head consisting of an adjustable damper (gate), a filter and a decorative cover with holes for air passage, as well as an outer grill with rigidly fixed to it from the inner side by a rod (hairpin) or a folding outer lattice, consisting of two parts, hinged to each other, with a rod (hairpin) hinged on one of the parts from the inside.

The disadvantage of the valve, with a controlled air flow into the room, is the lack of filtration from gaseous contaminants such as carbon monoxide (II), phenol, formaldehyde, aliphatic hydrocarbons, etc.

Known valve for inlet ventilation (patent for invention No. RU 2523224 C2, IPC F24F 13/00 (2006/01), publ. 20.07.2014, bull. No. 20, author Dubichev Vladimir Petrovich). The supply ventilation valve consists of a box that tightly wraps around the window frame. One part of the box enveloping the window frame exits outside the building, has an inlet into which a filter and an intake grill are installed. The second part of the box enveloping the window frame extends into the building and has an outlet. The main part of the box has an opening, which is closed with a lid. There are bridges between the inner cavity of the box, the inlet and outlet openings of the parts enveloping the window frame, in which there are also inlet and outlet openings, respectively. An adjustable flap is installed inside the box, which is pressed against the surface of the box and jumpers by a clamping bar and springs. The adjustable flap can move in the gap between the duct surface and the clamping bar, simultaneously opening or closing the inlet and outlet openings of the duct jumpers. On the inner surfaces of the cover and the clamping strip, there are pads made of noise-absorbing material.

The disadvantage of the valve is that its design does not allow improving the quality of indoor air, there is no provision for cleaning the incoming air from gaseous impurities in areas with a high degree of air pollution, the installation of this valve can lead to even greater indoor air pollution from external sources of emission in the city environment.

Known supply ventilation device (patent for invention No. RU 2364800 C1, IPC F24F 7/00 (2006.01), F24F 12/00 (2006.01), F24F 13/24 (2006.01), publ. 20.08.2009, bull. No. 23, author Dmitriev Nikolai Valerievich). The device contains an air intake pipe, installed in the opening of the building wall and closed from the outer end with an intake grate. The device is equipped with an adjustable damper and filter. The device is equipped with an air duct connected to the air intake pipe, installed along the inner side of the building wall and located in the immediate vicinity of the heating radiator or at least partially behind the heating radiator; at least one air outlet window or perforation is made in the wall of the additional air duct, directing the air flow to the radiator, and the adjustable damper and filter are located in the auxiliary duct.

The disadvantage of this supply ventilation device is that the filter of the supply ventilation device is not effective against gaseous impurities in areas with a high degree of atmospheric pollution.

Known supply ventilation valve (utility model patent No. 178462, publ. 04.04.2018, author Maletin Andrey Mikhailovich), designed for comfortable ventilation of rooms with insufficient air flow and which can be used in closed residential, administrative, public, warehouse, industrial and other premises. Contains an air duct made of heat and noise insulating material, with a housing located at one of its ends with an air flow regulator mounted on its outer side with the possibility of rotation, made with a window on the lateral surface, while the housing is made with slots located on the sides and an air duct from the inner side ensuring that it can be combined with the regulator window when the regulator is turned to regulate the amount of air flow.

The disadvantages are the impossibility of cleaning the air entering through the valve from gaseous impurities, an increase in air exchange in the room can lead to a high level of air pollution when installing this supply ventilation valve in buildings located in areas with a high degree of outdoor air pollution.

Known supply ventilation valve (utility model patent No. RU 66488 U1, IPC F24F 13/08 (2006.01), publ. 09/10/2007, author Luxurious Stanislav Sergeevich) for household and auxiliary rooms and installation in the outer wall of the building, in particular, for ventilation systems, containing an air channel in the pipe, heat and noise insulation, characterized in that there are two air chambers of different lengths and different diameters in the air channel, where one of the chambers has a partition, and the other has a sound-absorbing insert as heat and noise insulation.

The disadvantage of this valve for supply ventilation of the premises is the lack of purification of the supply of external air into the room.

A well-known supply ventilation valve (patent for a useful model No. RU 177794 U1, IPC F16K 24/00 (2006.01), publ. 03/13/2018, bull. No. 8, author Balobanov Sergey Alekseevich). The supply ventilation valve contains a cylindrical body, which forms a channel for an air flow, in which a heater and an air distribution device are installed. The latter is made in the form of an output disk and annular tiers of a larger radius cascaded in front of it, consisting of shelves with sides and steps. In the inlet part of the air distribution device there is a damper made in the form of rotary insulated flaps. The leaves are located symmetrically relative to the longitudinal axis of the valve and are equipped with a control mechanism.

The main disadvantage of the supply ventilation valve is the inability to restrict strong air flows, which is especially important in cold weather, which in turn can lead to even greater indoor air pollution when buildings are placed in areas with increased atmospheric air pollution.

A ventilation device is known (utility model patent No. RU 136541, IPC F24F 7/00, publ. 01/10/2014, author Isenov Kairat Amanovich). This ventilation device consists of an air duct made with the possibility of installation in a through channel formed in the wall of the room, a protective grill made with the possibility of installation on one of the ends of the specified channel, an air flow regulator made with the possibility of installation at the end of the through channel from the side of the specified room and containing an adjustable flow restrictor, a removable air-cleaning and heat-and-noise-insulating insert configured to be installed in the air duct, wherein the air flow regulator further comprises an adjustable flow restrictor position indicator, and the air-cleaning filter is located in the air flow regulator. This ventilation device provides air exchange in the premises, protection from dust, insects, as well as reducing the level of air and traffic noise.

The disadvantage of the supply ventilation valve is the lack of air purification from gaseous substances.

Known air exchange valve (utility model patent No. RU 148405 U1, publ. 10.12.2014, bull. No. 34, authors: Ovsyannikov Sergei Nikolaevich, Samokhvalov Alexey Sergeevich). The damper consists of a plastic pipe with a single air duct for supplying outside air to the room. In the channel there is a heat-and-noise insulation in the form of a sleeve. Outside, the duct is equipped with a protective element in the form of an outer lattice with a fine mesh, which is designed to protect against insects, poplar fluff, etc. Inside the room, the air duct is closed with a cap, which includes a damper with a sealing end, a filter and an intake air control unit. The intake air regulation unit allows you to open and close the damper using a handle on the head cover or a cord. The valve is installed in the wall of the room, preferably above the window or next to the window for better air circulation in the room due to air convection during the operation of the heater and the convenience of servicing the outer grille through the window, inside the air channel; an electric fan is additionally installed.

The disadvantage of the air exchange valve is that the supply air is cleaned only from insects, fluff and finely dispersed harmful substances from the outside air.

Known wall ventilator (utility model patent No. RU 83318 U1, publ. 05/27/2009, IPC F24F 7/04, E04B 1/70 (2006.01), authors: Klapishevsky Alexander Stanislavovich, Ts'omyk Anatoly Mikhailovich). Wall ventilator, consisting of an inner part, which includes: an inner cover, a filter, a control valve, an inner pipe and an outer pipe, an outer ventilator cover, an outer grille and a control element, characterized in that the inner cover is a diffuser with different ventilation slot geometries , the control valve is made in the form of retractable plates, which are synchronously extended to the center of the hole and the number of plates is from 4 to 24, which are controlled using control elements, and the inner tube together with the outer tube forms a "telescopic tube". The different ventilation slot geometries provide the necessary distribution of the air flow that exits through the ventilation slot.

The main disadvantage of a wall ventilator is that the ventilation slot can lead to indoor air pollution with gaseous organic and inorganic substances when located in buildings in areas with busy traffic arteries.

For the closest analogue to the patentable solution, a device for forced ventilation of premises was adopted (patent for a useful model No. RU 54659 U1, IPC F24F 7/013 (2006.01), published on July 10, 2006, author: Gennady Georgievich Provadkin). A device for forced ventilation of premises, installed in a window vent or in an opening in the outer wall of the room, containing an electric fan that provides air flow into the room, a filter that serves to clean the supply air from harmful pollutants and aerosol particles, through which the room is ventilated, spiral an electric heating element used to heat the air entering the room when ventilated through the device in the cold season, equipped with a multi-leaf valve equipped with an electric activator that serves to open / close the access of atmospheric air to the room.

The main disadvantage of the closest analogue is that this device cannot provide a high quality of purification of the supply air entering the room from gaseous inorganic and organic substances.

The objective of the claimed invention is to improve the quality of indoor air by forced ventilation for buildings in conditions of high ambient air pollution, with air purification from gaseous inorganic and organic substances, such as carbon monoxide (II), aliphatic hydrocarbons, phenol, formaldehyde.

The technical result of the claimed invention is to improve the quality of cleaning the supply air entering the room from gaseous inorganic and organic substances.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the device contains sequentially located filters inside a rectangular plastic head measuring 200 by 200 mm with slots installed in a plastic pipe with an outer diameter of 100 mm: the first and second filters - with sorption loads of shungite (fraction 1 mm) and zeolite (fractions 1-3 mm), the thickness of each layer of sorbent 20 mm, and the third filter - photocatalyst consisting of a porous thin plate titanium dioxide (TiO ₂₎ and two UV lamps having a wavelength of 365 nm (UV-a range), power 6 W each, arranged vertically in a row. Filters with sorption loading shungite (fraction 1 mm) and with sorption loading zeolite (fractions 1-3 mm) adsorb solid and gaseous impurities and then the supply air passes through a photocatalytic filter, where gaseous substances between a thin porous plate of titanium dioxide (TiO ₂ ) and two UV lamps are oxidized to simple safe compounds (carbon dioxide and gaseous water - water vapor). Further, high quality air after cleaning in the valve enters the interior of the room.

The invention is illustrated by drawings depicting a forced-air forced ventilation valve with air purification. FIG. 1 shows a vertical section of a forced-air forced ventilation valve with air purification. FIG. 2 shows a top view.

The forced ventilation valve with air purification consists of a plastic pipe 1 (PVC pipe) with an outer diameter of 100 mm, the length of which is cut depending on the thickness of the outer wall 2. For thermal insulation and noise absorption, the plastic pipe is wrapped in foil insulated 12. Plastic pipe 1 with foil Isolon 12 is mounted in the outer wall of the building 2. After installation, the plastic pipe 1 forms two sides: side A from the outside of the building (from the street), and side B inside the building.

On the A side of the plastic pipe 1, there is a grid with a mesh 3, which prevents water and snow, insects, poplar fluff and leaves from entering the air duct.

On the side B of the plastic pipe 1, which is located inside the room, a plastic head 4 is installed in a rectangular plastic pipe 1 measuring 200 by 200 mm with slots 5 for uniform air penetration into the interior of the room. The supply air entering the room from side A of the plastic pipe 1 is cleaned in accordance with the sequentially located filters inside the plastic head 4 of a rectangular shape with slots 5:

the first filter with sorption loading shungite 6 (fractions 1 mm), thickness of the sorbent layer 20 mm;

the second filter 7 with sorption loading with zeolite (fractions 1-3 mm), the thickness of the sorbent layer is 20 mm;

the third is a photocatalytic filter consisting of a thin porous plate 8 of titanium dioxide (TiO ₂ ) acting as a catalyst and two ultraviolet lamps 9 with a wavelength of 365 nm (UV-A range), 6 W each, arranged vertically in a row.

To pump outdoor air from the street in the middle of the plastic pipe 1 there is an axial electric fan 10 (with a capacity of 300 m ³ / h). Turning on the axial electric fan 10 is carried out using a speed controller with a switch 11 located at the end of the plastic head 4 of a rectangular shape.

The valve for forced ventilation with air purification works as follows.

An axial electric fan 10 is turned on to pump outdoor air from the street, which is controlled by a speed controller with a switch 11 located at the end of the plastic cap 4.

Outside air from the street enters through a grate with a mesh 3 into a plastic pipe 1 from side A. Then the supply air from the plastic pipe 1 sequentially passes filters 6, 7, 8 located inside the plastic cap 4. The supply air passes through the first filter 6 with sorption loading shungite, then passes through the second filter 7 with sorption loading with zeolite, these filters adsorb solid and gaseous impurities. At the last stage, the supply air passes through a photocatalytic filter, where gaseous substances between a thin porous plate of titanium dioxide 8 and two UV lamps 9 are oxidized to simple safe compounds (carbon dioxide and water). Two ultraviolet lamps 9 with a wavelength of 365 nm (UV-A range), 6 W each, are arranged vertically in a row so that UV radiation evenly falls on a thin porous plate of titanium dioxide 8. Then the purified air enters the interior of the room from sides B of the plastic pipe 1 through the slots 5 of the plastic head 4 of a rectangular shape.

The invention is illustrated by example. To achieve the object of the invention, the air was cleaned inside the premises of a residential building.

For testing, the valve is located in the outer wall of a room with a volume of 32.4 m ³ on the 1st floor of a residential building. An internal combustion engine with a volume of 190 l / s was selected to pollute the air in the room; air was supplied to the valve through the air duct from the exhaust pipe of a passenger car at idle speed.

During the experiment, the concentration of carbon monoxide (II), phenol, formaldehyde, aliphatic hydrocarbons (C1-C5) was measured outside and inside the room, the values of the air flow rate, temperature and humidity of the air environment were recorded, the average parameters of which were in the warm period: outside air temperature 25.3 ° C, humidity 48.6%, air speed 5.9 m / s, in the cold period, respectively: -11 ° C, 23%, 5-6 m / s. The concentration was measured by certified equipment: a Testo 340 gas analyzer and a GANK-4 (AR) gas analyzer.

To assess the efficiency of cleaning the incoming air into the room using the claimed invention, three options for loading filters were selected:

Option 1 - a filter with sorption loading activated carbon (fraction 3 mm) and a photocatalytic filter (a thin porous plate of titanium dioxide (TiO ₂ ) and two ultraviolet lamps with a wavelength of 365 nm (UV-A range), 6 W each);

Option 2 - sorption filter loading shungite (fractions 1 mm), with the sorption filter loading zeolite (1-3 mm fraction), the photocatalytic filter (porous thin plate titanium dioxide (TiO ₂₎ and two UV lamps having a wavelength of 365 nm (UV -A range), with a power of 6 W each);

Option 3 - a filter with activated charcoal adsorption loading (fractions 3 mm), with the sorption filter loading zeolite (1-3 mm fraction), the photocatalytic filter (porous thin plate titanium dioxide (TiO ₂₎ and two UV lamps with a wavelength of 365 nm ( UV-A range), with a power of 6 W each).

The thickness of the sorbent layer in each loading option is 20 mm.

Table 1, 2 shows the results of indoor and outdoor pollution concentrations, as well as the calculated efficiency of air purification using the inventive forced ventilation valve with air purification.

According to the results of the study of the use of the three filter options described in the example, option 2 proved to be the most effective.

The presented data indicate an increase in the quality of the supply air entering the room after it has been purified from gaseous inorganic and organic substances using the inventive forced ventilation valve with air purification.

Claims (1)

A forced-air forced ventilation valve with air purification, installed in the outer wall of the room, containing an electric fan and a filter, characterized in that it contains sequential filters inside a plastic cap measuring 200 by 200 mm of rectangular shape with slots, installed in a plastic pipe with an outer diameter of 100 mm, wherein the sorption filters with loading shungite 1 mm fraction and 1-3 mm fraction of the zeolite have a thickness of 20 mm sorbent layer and the photocatalytic filter formed of a porous thin plate titanium dioxide (TiO ₂₎ and two UV lamps having a wavelength of 365 nm (UV-a range), with a power of 6 W each, arranged vertically in a row.

Images