RU2743677C2 - Ship hull - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: shipbuilding.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of shipbuilding, in particular to the design of ship hulls. Ship hull is made in the form of impermeable shell formed of outer skin and set beams, in which impermeable shell is made in the form of the main part of the body, which has in the fore end of the boarding edge and backward inclination of the stem. Decks forming flat surface of deck and providing breakdown of beads in fore end are installed with possibility of displacement towards ship midlength section, connected with rods of hydraulic cylinders arranged in nose end of body main part. Nose and stern parts of boules are additionally connected with the main part of the body by means of hydraulic cylinders. Hydraulic cylinders arranged on boules and rods of hydraulic cylinders arranged on body main part are installed on axles to turn in horizontal plane, providing additional displacement of boules from ship centreline plane.EFFECT: invention solves the problem of expansion of ship hull geometry changing capabilities for correction of its seaworthiness properties at developed oncoming rough sea, such as transverse stability and resistance to ship movement.1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of shipbuilding, in particular to the design of ship hulls.

Known design of the forward part of a displacement type vessel (RF patent for invention No. 2374120, IPC В63 В1 / 06, publ. 27.11.2009) with transverse symmetry about the central axis, and the forming lines of the hull increase in width from the baseline. The bottom is flat or has deadrise and passes into the bottom with a given radius of the bottom. From the bottom to a given height, the generating lines are slightly inclined outward. At the level of the tank deck, the shape of the outwardly sloping line ceases and extends upward in a curved line back towards the center axis.

This design has the following disadvantages:

судно имеет большую парусность;

the ship has a large windage;

рулевая рубка удалена от машинного отделения, что затрудняет прокладку кабельных трасс;

the wheelhouse is removed from the engine room, which makes it difficult to lay cable routes;

плохие условия обитаемости;

poor living conditions;

удары волн могут выбить иллюминаторы в рубке и привести к повреждению навигационного оборудования;

impacts of waves can knock out windows in the wheelhouse and lead to damage to navigation equipment;

при большой высоте волн они могут перехлестнуться через надстройку, при этом плоские поверхности палубы будут способствовать захвату носа судна волной [Бураковский Е.П., Бураковский П.Е. Некоторые проблемы обеспечения общей прочности судов в чрезвычайных ситуациях // Труды Крыловского государственного научного центра - Вып. 82(366), 2014 - С. 21-30];

at high wave heights, they can overlap over the superstructure, while the flat deck surfaces will contribute to the capture of the bow of the ship by the wave [Burakovsky EP, Burakovsky P.Ye. Some problems of ensuring the overall strength of ships in emergency situations // Proceedings of the Krylov State Scientific Center - Vol. 82 (366), 2014 - S. 21-30];

плохая всхожесть на волну, т.к. из-за стройности ватерлинии судно врезается в волну, и она скручивается над носом и в сторону, в результате чего нос судна может быть захвачен волной, что приведет к гибели судна.

poor germination on the wave, because due to the slenderness of the waterline, the ship crashes into the wave, and it twists over the bow and to the side, as a result of which the bow of the ship can be captured by the wave, which will lead to the death of the ship.

Known ship hull with a blockage of the side and a reverse inclination of the stem (US patent for invention No. 6601529, В63В 3/00, publ. 05.08.2003).

The disadvantage of this design is the low stability of the vessel, which can lead to its capsizing and death of the crew. This is explained by the reduced, in comparison with the traditional design, the area of the waterline, especially when passing the crests of waves, as well as by the low values of the restoring moment acting on the vessel when heeling, which is due to the small value of the volume of the vessel immersed in the water when inclined.

Known ship hull, which is an impermeable shell, consisting of thin sheets, which are supported by beams made of rolled or composite welded profiles (Barabanov N.V. Design of the hull of sea vessels. L., Shipbuilding, 1981. - 552 p., P. 9-11, Figure 1).

This design has a significant drawback, which consists in the possibility of capturing the bow end by a wave, which is due to the presence of flat surfaces of the deck and the superstructure of the tank, as a result of which a drop in the metacentric height and the overturning of the vessel or the destruction of its hull may occur [Burakovsky EP, Burakovsky P.E. Some problems of ensuring the overall strength of ships in emergency situations // Proceedings of the Krylov State Scientific Center. - Issue. 82 (366), 2014. - S. 21-30]. The capture of the bow by a wave means that when the deck is heavily flooded, it works in the submerged position as a wing, streamlined by a fluid flow, as a result of which a resultant pressure force arises on flat surfaces, which is determined by the angle of attack and the speed of the incoming fluid. This flow is unstable, as a result of which the resultant can at any time shift away from the center line and cause a strong heel or overturn of the ship, as well as the destruction of its hull. Under the action of the resultant hydrodynamic forces, the trim of the ship increases, while a sharp decrease in the transverse metacentric height is observed, which contributes to the overturning of the ship.

As the closest analogue, the ship's hull is adopted, made in the form of an impermeable shell formed from the outer skin and beams of the set, in which the impermeable shell is made in the form of the main part of the hull, which has a side obstruction and a reverse inclination of the stem in the bow end, and boules forming a flat surface deck and providing the collapse of the side in the bow end, in addition, in the bow end of the main part of the hull there are hydraulic cylinders, the rods of which are connected to the boules, installed with the possibility of displacement towards the midship of the ship (RF Patent for invention No. 2672225, IPC В63В 1/06, В63В 43/02, publ. 12.11.2018).

This design has a significant drawback in that the boules are installed with the ability to move only towards the midship of the vessel, and this limits the possibility of changing the geometry of the hull to adjust the seaworthiness of the vessel in developed sea waves.

The invention solves the problem of expanding the possibilities of changing the geometry of the ship's hull to correct its seaworthiness in the developed oncoming waves, such as lateral stability and resistance to the movement of the ship, by increasing the number of degrees of freedom of the boules.

To solve the problem in the hull of the ship, made in the form of an impermeable shell formed from the outer skin and beams of the set, in which the impermeable shell is made in the form of the main part of the hull, which has a side obstruction and a reverse inclination of the stem in the bow end, and boules forming a flat surface decks and providing the collapse of the side in the bow end, installed with the possibility of displacement towards the midship of the vessel, connected with the rods of the hydraulic cylinders located in the bow end of the main part of the hull, it is proposed to additionally connect the bow and stern parts of the boules with the main part of the hull through hydraulic cylinders, and the hydraulic cylinders placed on the boules, and the rods of the hydraulic cylinders, placed on the main part of the hull, to be installed on the axles with the possibility of rotation in the horizontal plane, providing additional displacement of the boules from the center plane of the vessel.

In the proposed technical solution, when the ship hits in unfavorable weather conditions, accompanied by flooding of the deck in the bow end and the emergence of the danger of being captured by a wave of the bow end, the boules are displaced with the help of hydraulic cylinders in the direction from the bow of the ship to the amidships, as well as their displacement in the direction from the center plane and turning in a horizontal plane, as a result of which the load acting on the bow end is reduced, as well as the moment of inertia of the waterline relative to the longitudinal axis and, accordingly, the lateral stability of the ship, thereby preventing the overturning of the ship and the destruction of its hull.

The accompanying graphics show:

in fig. 1 - general view of the ship's hull;

in fig. 2 - section a-a in Fig. one;

in fig. 3 - section b-b in Fig. one.

On graphic materials the following designations are adopted:

1 - main body part;

2-boules;

3 - hydraulic cylinders;

4 - axes.

The structure of the ship's hull consists of the outer skin and beams of the set, which form the main part of the hull 1 and boules 2, which move in the horizontal plane with the help of hydraulic cylinders 3, installed with the possibility of rotation about the axes 4.

The ship's hull works as follows. In normal ship operation, when the waves do not reach the deck, boules form a flat surface of the deck at the bow. When the vessel moves in strong oncoming waves, the bow end may periodically sink into the water, which leads to the appearance of a complex flow around the deck. In such conditions, significant loads may arise that act on the ship's hull caused by the flow around the submerged deck, which can be considered as a wing of a complex shape located at an angle of attack to the incoming fluid flow. Under the action of the hydrodynamic force, the trim of the vessel will increase, and the parameters of its stability will sharply decrease. In addition, there is an increase in stresses from the general bending, which can lead to the destruction of the ship's hull [Burakovsky EP, Burakovsky P.E. Some problems of ensuring the overall strength of ships in emergency situations // Proceedings of the Krylov State Scientific Center - Issue 82 (366), 2014 - pp. 21-30]. In the event of a dangerous situation in the proposed design, at the command of the navigator or onboard intelligent system, using hydraulic cylinders 3, the boules move in the directions to the amidships of the vessel and from the center plane of the vessel, with the rotation of the boules in the horizontal plane, due to the rotation of the hydraulic cylinders about the axes 4. After moving turning the boules 2, the hydrodynamic loads acting on the bow of the main body of the body 1 will decrease due to the cutting wave of the shape of the bow of the main body of the body 1, which is characterized by the roll-over and reverse inclination of the stem. At the same time, the removal of boules 2 from the center plane of the vessel by lengthening the hydraulic cylinders 3 will increase the moment of inertia of the waterline relative to the longitudinal axis, which will lead to an increase in the transverse metacentric radius and an increase in the transverse stability of the vessel. In addition, due to the rotation of the boules 2 in the horizontal plane by rotating the hydraulic cylinders 3 relative to the axes 4, the hull contours can be changed to reduce the resistance to the movement of the vessel, depending on the state of the sea and the mode of movement of the vessel.

To identify a dangerous situation in which there is a probability of capture by a wave of the bow of the ship, and, accordingly, the need to move and turn the boules 2, the approaches to controlling the dynamics of the ship can be used, set forth in [Burakovsky P.Ye., Nechaev Yu.I. Construction of an algorithm for controlling the situation of capture by a wave of the bow end of the ship using the methods of the modern theory of catastrophes // Izvestiya KSTU.- Kaliningrad: FGBOU VPO "KSTU", 2015 - №37. - S. 178-185]. In this case, the command to move and turn the boules 2 can be given both by the navigator and by the onboard intelligent system in automatic mode.

Thus, the proposed design makes it possible to reduce the hydrodynamic loads acting on the deck of the ship at the bow end in developed head-on waves, to increase the lateral stability of the ship and to improve the hydrodynamic characteristics of its hull when moving in stormy conditions, which makes it possible to prevent the overturning of the ship and the destruction of its hull, and , therefore, contributes to improving the safety of navigation.

Claims (1)

The hull of the ship, made in the form of an impermeable shell formed from the outer skin and beams of the set, in which the impermeable shell is made in the form of the main part of the hull, having a side roll-over and a reverse inclination of the stem at the bow end, and boules that form a flat surface of the deck and provide a side-break in the bow, installed with the possibility of displacement towards the midship of the ship, connected with the rods of the hydraulic cylinders located in the bow of the main part of the hull, characterized in that the bow and stern parts of the boules are additionally connected to the main part of the hull by means of hydraulic cylinders, and the hydraulic cylinders located on boules, and the rods of the hydraulic cylinders, located on the main part of the hull, are mounted on the axles with the possibility of rotation in the horizontal plane, providing additional displacement of the boules from the center plane of the vessel.

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