RU2741825C1 - Non-volatile multi-purpose unmanned aerial vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: aviation.SUBSTANCE: non-volatile multi-purpose unmanned aerial vehicle relates to the field of aircraft engineering, in particular, to dampers (UAV) lighter than air. Unmanned aerial vehicle comprises fuselage consisting of frames and stringers, top coated with film with silicon solar battery. Fuselage has wing biplane and is broken into several tight compartments, part of which is filled with lifting gas, others are connected to vacuum pump and have inlet and outlet valves and air bleeding system. Vertical multiblade wind generators and air-screw motors are arranged on fuselages of each board. There are blocks of GLONASS satellite navigation system and communication system units on top of fuselage. Inside the storage battery and control system, and in the lower part - fastening devices of removable payload module.EFFECT: objective of invention is creation of aircraft capable of vertical take-off and landing, possibility of selecting and changing altitude above specified point, maneuverability and controllability in flight, possibility of long stay in air and performance of long flights, use of various types of payload and replenishment of energy resources in flight.1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of aviation technology, in particular to unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) lighter than air.

Currently, the use of drones has become widespread. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are actively used in the fields of activity. In military affairs, they are used for reconnaissance, adjusting fire and delivering strikes, filming the coordinates of enemy targets, measuring distances and areas, they have proven themselves well in Syria. Unmanned aerial vehicles for peaceful purposes can be used for monitoring forests, migration of animals and birds, fish conservation, monitoring the condition of dams and reservoirs, gas and transport highways, reconnaissance during emergencies, fire control over the condition of buildings and other objects, delivery of goods to those in distress, lost people, climbers, geologists, etc. in areas of radioactive and chemical contamination. There is a need for the use of UAVs within the city limits due to traffic jams, neither technical nor medical assistance can provide quick assistance. Therefore, unmanned aerial vehicles are actively developing, there are a large number of varieties of these vehicles and the creation of new and improvement of existing ones continues.

Known hybrid airship (WO 2008025139 A1, 03/06/2008), consisting of a spherical shell of a fixed volume filled with light gas, installed on the aeronautical compartment, from which the brackets with propeller-driven aircraft engines at their ends extend crosswise to the sides.

The disadvantage of this device is the shell, which is made soft, its incomplete gas filling leads to the loss of its spherical shape, the shell tissue will hang in arbitrary folds without tension, which worsens the streamlining and increases the windage of the apparatus.

Also known is an aeronautical vehicle (RU 2652 322 C1, 05/16/2017), including a multicopter, a gondola, an ACS capsule, a battery compartment, grips of a cargo container, an orientation and tracking system, a multicopter consisting of several sectacopters connected by locking devices and a turntable located on the support frame of the multicopter, the gondola is located below, the body of which is made in the form of a bellows, with the ability to compress and expand depending on the flight conditions, a pneumatic jack is installed inside the gondola, expanding between the support frame of the gondola and the support frame of the multicopter, under which the grips of the cargo container are located, on top of the multicopter there is an ACS capsule with flight parameters recorders, and above it there is an orientation and tracking system.

The disadvantage of this device is the complexity of the execution of the gas-filled shell in the form of a biconvex lens with a soft horizontal-folded surface and a hard convex lid and flat bottom. The horizontal symmetry and support of which is provided by an internal telescopic column with links nested and freely moving in its body. In this case, part of the body protrudes downward from the shell, having a plug and fastening grips at the end. A convex cover of the gas-filled shell is attached to the upper end of the central-axial nested link of the column, and the beginning of the part of the column protruding from the shell downward is connected to the flat bottom of the shell.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed invention is an unmanned aerial vehicle lighter than air (RU 2600556 C1, 05/21/2015), containing a fuselage consisting of frames and stringers, covered on top with a film with a silicon solar battery, an elastic, airtight shell is located in the fuselage compartment, inside which is a pressurized lifting gas tank equipped with a pickling valve and a compressor.

The disadvantage of this device is the use of only a solar battery to replenish the electricity reserves, the effective generation of electricity of which in the dark will be insufficient, the need to constantly transport tanks with lifting gas, which makes the structure heavier to the detriment of the payload.

The objective of the invention is to create an aircraft capable of vertically taking off and landing, the ability to select and change the height above a given point, maneuverability and controllability in flight, the ability to stay in the air for a long time and make long flights, use various types of payload and replenish energy resources in flight.

The required technical result is achieved by the fact that the non-volatile multipurpose unmanned aerial vehicle contains a fuselage consisting of frames and stringers, covered from above with a film with a silicon solar battery, the fuselage has a biplane wing and is divided into several pressurized compartments, some compartments are filled with lifting gas, other compartments are made durable and connected to a vacuum pump with an air bleed system, on the body of each durable compartment there are intake valves and an exhaust valve on the air bleed system, on the fuselage wings from each side between the upper and lower wings there are vertical multi-blade wind turbines, and above them on the upper wing there are air - propeller motors, on top of the fuselage there are blocks of the GLONASS satellite navigation system and communication system blocks, inside there are a battery and a control system, in the lower part of the attachment device for a replaceable payload module.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by a drawing, where FIG. 1 shows a non-volatile multipurpose unmanned aerial vehicle, which includes:

1 - fuselage;

2 - blocks of the GLONASS satellite navigation system and blocks of the communication system;

3 - sealed compartments filled with lifting gas;

4 - inlet valve;

5 - sealed compartments connected to a vacuum pump;

6 - exhaust valve;

7 - air bleed system;

8 - vacuum pump;

9 - control system;

10 - storage battery;

11 - replaceable payload module.

FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 shows a variant of the arrangement of motion and power generation devices, which include:

12 - air-screw electric motors;

13 - vertical multi-blade wind turbines;

14 - biplane wing;

15 - electric generator;

16 - solar battery.

The invention works as follows: depending on the task, the required composition of the means for its solution is determined. They are assembled on the platform of the replaceable payload module (11) and are attached to the fuselage (1) through the attachment devices at the bottom.

The sealed compartments (3) are filled with a lifting gas lighter than air (hydrogen, helium), while the carrying capacity should be proportional to the internal volume of the shell, taking into account the mass of the payload. Therefore, the mass of the replaceable payload module (11) is selected so that when the pressurized compartments (3) are filled, the device is hung in the neutral position. To take off the device, inlet valves (4) are closed in sealed compartments (5), the compartments are sealed and a vacuum pump (8) is started, which, through the opened exhaust valve (6), directs the air pumped out from compartments (5) into the air bleed system (7) and further in atmosphere. By reducing the air density in the compartments (5), the lift increases and the non-volatile multipurpose unmanned aerial vehicle begins to take off. The flight altitude of the device is selected depending on the tasks and the means used to solve them, and the rise is regulated by additional pumping of air with a vacuum pump (8), the descent is controlled by slightly opening the inlet valve (4). Flight control, changing the altitude and other flight parameters, is carried out by the control system (9) that controls and controls the movement parameters on board the device, using the GLONASS satellite navigation system and the communication system (2) by radio commands from the control point.

The movement is carried out using propeller-driven electric motors (12) located on each side on the upper wing of the biplane (14) over vertical multi-blade wind generators (13) installed between the upper and lower wings. Also, the air escaping through the air bleed system (7) during the operation of the vacuum pump (8) creates a thrust that pushes the apparatus forward. The movement control in the horizontal plane is carried out by changing the power of one or another air-screw electric motors (12). The non-volatile multipurpose unmanned aerial vehicle can be used for long-term flight along routes with the possibility of changing it in the process of movement, long hovering, at a certain control point, including using a cable system and a ground winch.

The flight time of the device is determined by the relevance of the tasks it performs and the set of tools in the replaceable payload module (11), which can be quickly adapted (replaced with others). Power supply by propeller-driven electric motors (12) and electronic equipment is monitored and controlled by a control system (9) and is carried out from a storage battery (10), the replenishment of electricity reserves of which in flight is carried out from solar panels (16) and from vertical multi-blade wind generators (13), which provides a longer flight time. The location and operation of the propeller-driven electric motors (12) directly above the vertical multi-blade wind generators (13) makes it possible to use the air flow from the operating propeller-driven electric motors (12) to replenish the reserves of electricity generated by the vertical multi-blade wind generators (13).

The presence in the on-board complex of the GLONASS satellite navigation system (2) will allow maintaining a given position above the object and on the route with high accuracy, correcting deviations by the operation of air-screw electric motors (12).

The replaceable payload module (11) allows the use of various means of observation (video cameras, etc.), detection (thermal imagers, radars, etc.) and destruction. There is a possibility of completing these means and / or any combinations of these means with a replaceable payload module (11), changing which various tasks are solved, the restrictions will only concern the mass and size characteristics of the payload.

The sealed compartments connected to the vacuum pump (5) must be made of lightweight and durable synthetic materials and have additional transverse and longitudinal stops that prevent collapse during compression from evacuation. The external pressure on them will decrease with increasing flight altitude.

The non-volatile multipurpose unmanned aerial vehicle will find its application in various fields of activity and will become a reliable human assistant. Control over forests in order to prevent fires and help in extinguishing, control over crops of grain and other crops, control the state of pipelines in sparsely populated and hard-to-reach areas, control traffic in large cities, environmental and other types of reconnaissance and much more on the shoulder of aircraft of this class.

Claims (1)

Non-volatile multipurpose unmanned aerial vehicle containing a fuselage consisting of frames and stringers, covered from above with a film with a silicon solar battery, characterized in that the fuselage has a biplane wing and is divided into several pressurized compartments, some of the compartments are filled with lifting gas, other compartments are made durable and connected to a vacuum pump with an air bleeding system and have inlet and outlet valves, vertical multi-blade wind generators and propeller-driven motors are placed on the wings of the fuselage from each side, on top of the fuselage there are blocks of the GLONASS satellite navigation system and communication system blocks, inside there is a battery and a control system , at the bottom of the removable payload module mounting device.

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