RU2740890C1 - Method of preventing cryoplanation and thermo-erosion processes - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to reclamation of disturbed territories in conditions of Extreme North and can be used for prevention of permafrostation and cryoplanation processes and thermal erosion processes, as well as for strengthening and protecting soil slope surfaces in permafrost areas and rapid recovery of soil-vegetation cover on exogenous sections of soil slope surfaces. Method for preventing cryoplanation and thermo-erosion processes on disturbed slope permafrost soil, in which in the period with stable negative average daily air temperatures the slope section of permafrost soils is strengthened by laying on its bottom shells from geotextile material filled with sand, fixing them on surface slope section anchors. Layer of local soil is poured on top of said cradles and levelled surface of slope section is levelled, after that, in period with stable positive average daily air temperatures to entire surface of slope section, biomass rolls are laid, consisting of two layers of non-woven linen, cross-linked, between which there is a linen reinforcing mesh layer and a recultivant consisting of a mixture of perennial plants, adapted to conditions of Extreme North, mineral fertilizers and/or organic fertilizers, plant growth stimulant and water-retaining components. Geotextile rolls are fixed with wooden pegs or metal fasteners, the whole surface of geotextile rolls is filled with a layer of local soil and watering is performed.EFFECT: technical result consists in providing reconstruction of disturbed slope surfaces, protection of permafrost soils against thawing, prevention of cryoplanation and thermo-erosion.1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of reclamation of disturbed territories in the Far North and can be used to prevent thawing of permafrost soils and dangerous manifestations of cryoplanation and thermal erosion processes, as well as to strengthen and protect soil slope surfaces in areas where permafrost soils are spread and quickly restore soil and vegetation cover exogenous areas of soil slope surfaces.

The closest analogue of the claimed invention is a technical solution in which the slopes of the territory are protected from the development of hazardous exogenous processes and a uniform grass stand with an abundant root system is created, which binds the soil and forms a sod through a coating (biomat), which is a cloth consisting of two layers of non-woven biodegradable material sewn on a needle punching machine. Linen mesh is used as a reinforcing layer between the layers. Between the layers of the biomat, a grass mixture adapted to the conditions of the Far North is sewn in, and fertilizers containing the entire spectrum of necessary substances for the normal growth and development of plants (see Pystina N.B. et al. Improvement of technologies for reclamation of landscapes on slopes in the Far North, the Arctic and ecology. - 2017. - No. 2. - p. 27-34).

The disadvantage of the above technical solution is that it is aimed at protecting and restoring only the surface of slope areas and does not provide for the protection of deep layers of the slope for territories with the presence of permafrost (permafrost), wedge ice and active cryoplanation processes.

The problem to be solved by the claimed invention is to prevent cryoplanation and thermal erosion processes, to recreate disturbed slope surfaces, as well as to create conditions for thermal insulation of permafrost soils.

The technical result of the claimed invention is the reconstruction of disturbed slope surfaces, protection of permafrost pounds from thawing, preventing the development of cryoplanation and thermal erosion processes by creating a stable perennial soil and vegetation cover and fixing the surface and deep layers of the slope, as well as thermal insulation of permafrost soils.

The technical result is ensured by the fact that in the method of preventing cryoplanation and thermal erosion processes on a disturbed slope area of permafrost soils during a period with stable negative average daily air temperatures, the slope area of permafrost is strengthened by laying on its bottom clips of geotextile material filled with sand, fixing them on the surface the slope area with anchors, after which a layer of local soil is poured on top of the mentioned clips and the poured surface of the slope area is leveled, after which, during a period with stable positive average daily air temperatures, rolls of biomat are laid on the entire surface of the slope area, consisting of two layers of non-woven linen sewn together canvases, between which a layer of linen reinforcing mesh and a recultivator is placed, consisting of a mixture of seeds of perennial plants, adapted to the conditions of the Far North, mineral fertilizers and / or organic beads treatment, a plant growth stimulator and moisture-retaining components, then the biomat rolls are fixed with wooden pegs or metal fasteners, the entire surface of the biomat rolls is sprinkled with a layer of local soil and water is irrigated.

The proposed method makes it possible not only to restore disturbed slopes with permafrost soils, on which dangerous exogenous processes occur in the active stage, but also to stop their sliding by attaching teardrop-shaped clips of geotextile material filled with sand to the bottom of the destroyed slope. At the same time, due to the use of a linen-based coating and the formation of a stable vegetation cover, a significant thermal insulation effect is achieved, preventing further thawing of permafrost soils.

The proposed method is illustrated by drawings.

FIG. 1 shows a general diagram of the implementation of the claimed method on a slope.

FIG. 2 shows a diagram of a biomat fixing on the surface of a slope site with a slope of less than 10 °;

FIG. 3 shows a diagram of a biomat fixing on the surface of a slope site with a slope of 10 ° to 25 °.

The method of preventing the processes of cryoplanation and thermal erosion is carried out as follows.

During the period with stable negative average daily air temperatures, which begins when during one month preceding this period, the average daily air temperature was below 0 ° C, drop-shaped clips 1 of geotextile material filled with sand are laid on the bottom of the slope area. The mentioned clips 1 are fixed on the surface of the slope area with anchors 2, which are a steel bar 0.8 m (see Fig. 1).

Domestic geotextile Dornit, which is made from polypropylene using a needle-punched method, can be used as a geotextile material from which the clips are made.

A layer of local soil is poured on top of the holder 1 of geotextile material filled with sand. In this case, the above-mentioned layer of local soil 3 is poured on top of the holder 1 so that a flat surface of the slope section is formed, having a slope angle of up to 25 °.

The covered surface of the slope is leveled and foreign objects (stones, crushed stone and lumps of soil with a diameter of more than 50 mm) are removed from it.

At the beginning of the summer season, after the snow cover has melted, during the period with stable positive average daily air temperatures, which begins when during one month preceding this period, the average daily air temperature was above 0 ° C, the entire surface of the leveled and prepared slope is laid biomat rolls 4.

Biomat 4 is made of two layers of non-woven linen that are stitched together. Between the layers of non-woven linen, a layer of linen reinforcing mesh and recultivator are placed.

The aforementioned recultivator, placed between the layers of non-woven linen, consists of a mixture of perennial plant seeds adapted to the conditions of the Far North, mineral fertilizers and / or organic fertilizers, a plant growth stimulator and moisture-retaining components.

In this case, a mixture of plant seeds for a recultivator is selected taking into account the territorial, climatic and hydrographic conditions of the Far North. For example, in the claimed invention, a grass mixture containing the following herbs can be used: meadow bluegrass, awnless rump, meadow fescue, red fescue and meadow timothy.

The following mineral fertilizers, which are part of the recultivator, can be used: "Lawn-City", "Fertika Lawn" and "Nitroammofoska".

Sapropel can be used as an organic fertilizer, which is part of the reclamation agent.

Water-retaining polymer absorbents can be used as water-retaining components that are part of the reclaimant. The moisture-retaining components have a bonding effect on the surface soil, increase the resistance of slopes and slopes to erosion processes, and also improve the water regime of the soil.

As a plant growth stimulator, which is a part of the recultivator, humic preparations can be used, for example, the humic preparation "Rostok", which is made from peat. Peat humic acids stimulate the growth and development of plants, adapt plants to natural and man-made influences and have high biological activity.

The biomat rolls are laid without tension and with a snug fit to the ground, which ensures maximum contact of plant roots with the ground. Adjacent rolls of biomat are overlapped to each other and attached to the surface of a layer of local soil, poured on top of the holder using the following elements:

- wooden conical pegs 30 cm long and 3 cm thick for soft soils;

- metal fasteners (metal brackets) more than 30 cm long (2-4 pcs / m) for dense soils.

The biomat is laid in the direction of the slope (from top to bottom) with an overlap of at least 15 cm. The length of the piece of the biomat roll to be laid should be 10-20% longer than the slope. The longer end should be at the top. The upper part of the biomat roll is fixed in the anchor trench by loading with local soil. The overlap of the edges of adjacent biomat rolls is performed in the direction of the main direction of wind and rain flows.

Biomat 4 has holes for fastening 6 to the surface of a layer of local soil, poured on top of a cage of geotextile material (see Fig. 2 and Fig. 3), located along the entire length of the biomat roll 4. The holes for fastening 6 are arranged in parallel rows, which are located perpendicular the edges of the biomat. The distance between the mentioned parallel rows is L. The extreme holes of the 6 parallel rows are spaced 15 cm from the edge of biomat 4.

When fixing rolls of biomat 4 on the surface of a layer of local soil, poured on top of clips of geotextile material, having a slope angle of less than 10 ° (Fig. 2), in each parallel row there are two holes for fixing 6. Moreover, biomat 4 also has one located in the middle between with the mentioned parallel rows a hole for fastening 6, which is located at an equal distance S from the indents from the edge of the biomat and at a distance L / 2 from each of the rows.

When biomat 4 is mounted on a surface with a slope angle of 10 ° to 25 ° (see Fig. 3), each parallel row has three holes for fastening 6. Moreover, biomat 4 also has a middle row of holes located between the said parallel rows for attachment 6, which has two holes for attachment 6 and is located parallel to the mentioned rows. In this case, the holes for fastening 6 of the mentioned middle row are located at a distance L / 2 vertically from one of the rows and at a distance S / 2 from the indents from the edge of the biomat 4.

After fixing the rolls of biomat 4, their entire surface is covered with a layer of local soil 5. The filling prevents excessive evaporation of moisture from the surface, creates a favorable environment for decomposition processes. The height of the soil layer above the surface is no more than 5 cm.

After filling, the entire area is watered with water. Approximate water consumption - at least 20 l / m ² . The amount of watering is adjusted based on climatic and weather conditions. In order to accelerate the emergence of seedlings, provide regular watering until the grass stands.

The biomat itself and the stable perennial soil-vegetation cover created with its help make it possible to reliably bond the surface, prevent erosion and erosion processes, and also contribute to the thermal insulation of permafrost soils from seasonal temperature fluctuations.

The clips, fixed with anchors in the body of the embankment, prevent the embankment from sliding.

In addition, the use of a completely degradable linen-based biomat allows you to restore the vegetation cover in the shortest possible time and create favorable conditions for the development of the root system, which binds the soil, forming a strong sod. The latter, having a high mechanical strength, will prevent degradation and manifestations of hazardous exogenous processes.

Also, when using the claimed method, the following is achieved:

- environmental stability;

- safety and uninterrupted operation of engineering facilities, near which dangerous exogenous cryoplanation and thermal erosion processes develop;

- minimization of costs for the repair of structures;

- elimination of emergency situations;

- restoration of disturbed territories;

- involvement of the restored territories in the use of the indigenous population of the Far North for grazing reindeer herds.

When implementing the claimed method, the activation and development of cryoplanation and thermal erosion processes, which occur as a result of thawing of permafrost soils or thawing of sheet ice during the development of the Far North, are prevented.

Claims (1)

A method for preventing cryoplanation and thermal erosion processes on a disturbed slope of permafrost soils, in which, during a period with stable negative average daily air temperatures, the slope of permafrost is strengthened by placing geotextile clips filled with sand on its bottom, fixing them on the surface of the slope with anchors, after which a layer of local soil is poured on top of the mentioned clips and the poured surface of the slope area is leveled, after which, during a period with stable positive average daily air temperatures, rolls of biomat are laid on the entire surface of the slope area, consisting of two layers of non-woven linen sewn together, between which is placed a layer of linen reinforcing mesh and a recultivator, consisting of a mixture of perennial seeds adapted to the conditions of the Far North, mineral fertilizers and / or organic fertilizers, a plant growth stimulator and lag-retaining components, then fix the biomat rolls with wooden pegs or metal fasteners, sprinkle the entire surface of the biomat rolls with a layer of local soil and water it with water.

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