RU2737830C1 - Device for complex intensive postharvest adaptation of potatoes - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture and may be used for postharvest reworking of potatoes. Device for integrated intensive postharvest adaptation of potatoes includes a chamber for treatment, inside which a full-conical nozzle with a swirler is installed, which provides a short-term supply to the tubers of a dose of a liquid inhibitor, which slows down intracellular processes. Chamber also has infrared quartz lamps with capacity of 250 Wt, which are used to dry the tuber treated with the inhibitor and are additionally heated, which leads to awakening of latent diseases, which are destroyed with the help of ultraviolet lamps with wavelength of 255 nm.

EFFECT: technical result is increase of efficiency of potato harvesting due to better screening of diseased tubers, their disinfection and inhibition of cell processes.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture and can be used in potato growing, namely for post-harvest processing of potatoes.

Potato processing is a complex of post-harvest measures aimed at preserving the obtained crop in the winter. Potato processing includes such operations as multiple bulkheads, during which diseased tubers are rejected, as well as fractional separation of the crop, drying, treatment with growth inhibitors, active ventilation, ozonation and much more.

There is a known method of preparing potatoes before storage (RU 2246203, A01F 25/00, publ. 20.02.2005), which provides for the treatment of tubers with an immunostimulant together with a suspension of Steinernema feltiae in an amount of 0.2-1.0% by weight of the suspension.

This post-harvest method has limited effect on potato storage.

There is a method of storing planting potatoes and a storage potato storage device (RU 2437273, A01F 25/00, publ. 27.12.2011), which includes the treatment of tubers with an ozone-air mixture in a storage potato storage bin with an individual top-down exhaust ventilation system for each storage bin ". During the treatment period of storage, at the first stage, fumigation and mummification of potato tubers are carried out, during the main storage period, part of the planting potatoes - 2-4 bins undergo electrophysiotherapy using the "Cook" apparatus to reduce intrabacterial, viral, viroid and mycoplasma infections; secondary electrophysiotherapy is carried out in the pre-planting period in order to obtain fast and friendly shoots. The device of the granary potato storage is made of aerodynamically dense and durable shield partitions and floorings: the bottom, sides, collapsible openings and decks, which exclude the loss of air flows "top-down" exhaust ventilation of the entire potato embankment and withstand the loads from the stored products, while each the bin has a collapsible opening and flooring for easy loading and unloading of potatoes; The bins are equipped with exhaust nozzles for uniform ventilation of the entire potato embankment, while each bin is equipped with an autonomous exhaust ventilation system and a “fan-vacuum cleaner” unit to return clean air without dust and spores.

This method requires several treatments and is carried out using a stationary device of limited volume.

The technical result of the present invention is to increase the efficiency of post-harvest preparation of potatoes for storage due to better rejection of diseased tubers, their disinfection and inhibition of cellular processes.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the device for complex intensive post-harvest processing of potatoes includes a processing chamber, inside which a full-cone nozzle with a swirler is installed, which provides a short-term supply of a dose of a liquid inhibitor to the tubers, which slows down intracellular processes; infrared quartz lamps with a power of 250 W, carry out drying of the tubers treated with an inhibitor and additionally heat them, which leads to the awakening of hidden diseases, which are destroyed using ultraviolet lamps with a wavelength of 255 nm.

FIG. 1 shows a diagram of the device.

The device contains:

- quartz infrared lamps 1 with a power of 250 W, providing drying and heating of potato tubers;

- a full cone nozzle with a swirler 2, which supplies a liquid inhibitor to slow down intracellular processes to potato tubers, using a centrifugal pump 7 from a tank 6 through a pipeline 3;

- processing chamber 4 through which the potatoes pass;

- device body 5, inside which all equipment is mounted;

- an ultraviolet lamp 8 with a wavelength of 255 nm, connected through a driver 9, providing disinfection of potato tubers.

The technological process of post-harvest processing is carried out as follows.

The cleaned seed potato tubers are fed through the processing chamber 4 by means of a feeding conveyor. In the process of potato movement, the seed tubers are comprehensively processed.

The device is installed at the end of a known sorting device (for example, KSP-15). The pre-sorted and sorted into fractions potatoes pass through a processing chamber 4, where a known liquid growth inhibitor (for example, Sprout-stop) is applied to it through a nozzle 2. Processed potatoes are dried during movement, warmed up using infrared lamps 1 and disinfected using an ultraviolet lamp 8. Dry processed potatoes are immediately sent to storage, and do not require secondary and tertiary bulkheads, as during normal storage.

Claims (1)

The device for complex intensive post-harvest processing of potatoes includes a processing chamber, inside of which a full-cone nozzle with a swirler is installed, which provides a short-term supply of a dose of a liquid inhibitor to the tubers, which slows down intracellular processes, infrared quartz lamps with a power of 250 W, which dry the tubers treated with the inhibitor and they are additionally heated, which leads to the awakening of latent diseases, which are destroyed with the help of ultraviolet lamps with a wavelength of 255 nm.

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