RU2736972C1 - Internal combustion engine starter - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: invention can be used in transport as a starter for starting an internal combustion engine. Starter for internal combustion engine comprises electric motor (1), free running coupling, holding (8) and retracting (9) windings, located inside magnetic conductor (7), armature (17). According to invention armature (17) is made in the form of bushing and installed on free running coupling with possibility of mutual axial movement and rotation, wherein on armature (17) there is a bridge, made in form of contact washer (39) and electrically insulated from it, having the possibility of closing contacts (28, 29) of electric circuit from accumulator to winding of electric motor (1) of starter, and said contacts (28, 29) in turn are arranged in spacer (26) made from dielectric material, in which contact (27) is also located, connecting electric circuit from ignition key with retracting (9) and retaining (8) windings located inside magnetic conductor (7). At that, anchor (17) is rigidly connected to washer (18), limiting movement of insulators (35, 37) and corrugated spring (38), which presses contact washer (39), and armature (17) through washer (18) also moves the freewheel clutch, wherein corrugated spring (40) is installed between the end of the bore made in spacer (26) and insulator (37). Corrugated springs can also be made of circular section profile. Between ledge (32) of magnetic conductor (7) and ring (34) made of nonmagnetic material there is felt gland (33) impregnated with oil. Contacts (28, 29) installed in spacer (26) at one end have holes for connection to the electric circuit, and from the other one they are made in the form of the washer segment.

EFFECT: invention simplifies the starter device, increases its reliability and durability in operation, reduces overall dimensions and weight.

5 cl, 4 dwg

Description

Technology area

The invention relates to mechanical engineering, and can be used in transport as a starter to start an internal combustion engine.

Prior art

Known starter brand 57.3708, used on VAZ cars, containing an electric motor with four permanent excitation magnets, a traction relay, a freewheel clutch with a displacement lever and a planetary gearbox, the shaft, the carrier of which is in screw connection with the leading cage of the freewheel clutch.

The disadvantages of this starter include the fact that when the traction relay is turned on, the forces transmitted by its armature to the movement of the freewheel clutch to enter its drive gear into the ring gear of the ICE flywheel occur with the help of a lever and other auxiliary parts, which in the processes of switching on and off traction relays often fail and make the starter inoperative.

The closest technical solution to the claimed invention is a starter for starting an internal combustion engine containing an electric motor with four permanent excitation magnets, a ratchet-type freewheel clutch and a planetary gearbox. In it, an electromagnetic coil with a terminal device is placed inside the silumin cover of the stator of the electric motor coaxially with its longitudinal axis. The planetary gear carrier shaft is in screw connection with the drive yoke of the freewheel clutch, which is used as the core of the electromagnetic coil. The drive gear of the driven cage is located in its original position on the reverse side of the flywheel ring gear of the internal combustion engine by means of an elongated intermediate sleeve part between them (Patent RU 2541345 C1).

The disadvantages of this starter include the fact that the drive gear of the driven cage of the freewheel clutch is located on the reverse side of the engine flywheel ring gear, which, together with the used ratchet-type freewheel clutch, complicates the starter device and its operation.

The technical result of the proposed invention is to simplify the starter device, increase reliability and durability in operation, reduce overall dimensions and weight.

Disclosure of invention

The specified problem is solved in a starter of an internal combustion engine containing an electric motor, a freewheel clutch that holds and retracts the windings located inside the magnetic circuit, an armature.

According to the invention, the armature is made in the form of a sleeve and is installed on the freewheel with the possibility of mutual axial movement and rotation, and a jumper made in the form of a contact washer is installed on the armature and electrically insulated from it, having the ability to close the contacts of the electric circuit from the battery to the winding of the electric motor starter, and the said contacts, in turn, are placed in a spacer made of dialectric material, in which a contact is also located that connects the electric circuit from the ignition key to the retraction and retaining windings located inside the magnetic circuit. This design makes it possible to compactly place the starter shaft, overrunning clutch, armature and magnetic circuit with holding and retracting windings in the front cover of the starter, as well as conveniently place contacts and a jumper, and provide a sufficient contact area.

The armature is rigidly connected to a washer that limits the movement of insulators and a corrugated spring, which presses the contact washer, and the armature also moves the freewheel through the washer, and a corrugated spring is installed between the end of the bore made in the spacer and the insulator. This design allows you to isolate the contact washer from the armature, as well as to ensure its reliable fit to the contacts due to the spring preload. Also, the profile of the corrugated spring can be circular, which will significantly reduce the cost of the spring.

A felt gland impregnated with oil is installed between the protrusion of the magnetic circuit and the ring made of non-magnetic material. This protects the contacts from dust and dirt that can enter from the engine flywheel ring gear.

The contacts installed in the spacer have holes for connecting to the electrical circuit at one end, and are made in the form of a washer segment at the other. This shape allows you to create a large contact area when closing the circuit and organically fit them into the design of the starter, as well as use a simple standard screw connection with the terminals of the electrical wires.

Features and advantages of the invention will be better understood from the description of the preferred embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Brief Description of Drawings

FIG. 1 shows the starter of an internal combustion engine in section; FIG. 2 shows the fastening of the contact washer on an enlarged scale;

FIG. 3 shows the complete spacer, view along the starter axis;

FIG. 4 shows the contact.

Embodiments of the invention

As shown in FIG. 1, the starter consists of an electric motor 1 with a planetary gear 2, the carrier 3 of which is rigidly and coaxially connected to the starter shaft 4, the second end of which is located in the sliding bearing 5 of the front cover 6.

In the front cover 6, a magnetic circuit 7 is installed coaxially with the shaft 4, which includes a holding winding 8 and a pull-in winding 9.

A freewheel clutch is installed on the starter shaft 4, which includes a driven element 10 made of material with a minimum magnetic permeability, for example, hardened steel, in one piece with the gear 11 and installed coaxially with the shaft 4 by means of a sliding bearing 12, as well as a driving element 13, connected to the shaft 4 by means of a spline screw connection 14. A self-tightening spring 15 passes along the inner surfaces of the driving 13 and driven 10 elements. The driving 13 and driven 10 elements are fixed against mutual axial movement by a locking ring 16 (Figs. 1, 2).

Between the freewheel clutch and the magnetic circuit 7 (Fig. 1) there is an anchor 17 (Fig. 1, 2), rigidly connected to the washer 18 by means of riveting the protrusions made on the anchor 17 and passed through the hole of the washer 18 located between the freewheel clutch and retaining ring 19 (Fig. 1) on the shaft 4 of the starter. The return spring 20, made predominantly of rectangular section, on one side abuts against the retaining ring 21 located in the cage 22, and on the other hand presses the armature 17 (Figs. 1, 2) with the washer 18 through the freewheel clutch to the retaining ring 19 (Fig. . 1).

The carrier 3 through the spacer 23 and the buffer 24 abuts against the support 25, pressing it against the ledge in the front cover 6. The epicyclic gear of the planetary gear 2 is also pressed against the spacer 23.

In the spacer 26 (Fig. 1, 3), made of a dielectric material, there is a contact 27 of the ignition key, on which the ends of the holding 8 (Fig. 1) and the retractor 9 windings of the magnetic circuit 7 are soldered. The contact 28 (Fig. 3, 4) is connected with car battery. Contact 29 is connected to the winding (not shown in the figure) of the electric motor 1 (Fig. 1) of the starter and the second end of the retraction winding 9 is soldered to it. The second end of the holding winding 8 is soldered to the housing of the magnetic circuit 7, that is, to ground, for which the spacer 26 (Fig. 1, 3) has a hole 30 (Fig. 3).

In the support 25 (Fig. 1), there is a sliding bearing 31 supporting the starter shaft 4.

On the magnetic circuit 7, a ledge 32 is made, behind which, to protect against dirt, there is a felt gland 33 pressed against a ring 34 made of non-magnetic material.

On the armature 17 (Fig. 1, 2), a groove is made from the end, in which an insulator 35 (Fig. 2) with a protrusion 36 is located, abutting the large end against the washer 18 (Fig. 1, 2), and the smaller end against the end of the groove on the anchor 17. The insulator 37 (Fig. 2) is located on the insulator 35 and is pressed against the end of the groove made on the armature 17 (Fig. 1, 2) by the corrugated spring 38 (Fig. 2) through the contact washer 39 (Fig. 1, 2). Behind the insulator 37 (Fig. 2) is a corrugated spring 40 (Fig. 1, 2). The contact washer 39 is made of copper, and the insulator 37 (Fig. 2) serves to insulate the contact washer 39 (Fig. 1, 2) during operation. In this case, the deformation force of the corrugated spring 40 is much less than the deformation force of the corrugated spring 38 (Fig. 2).

Contacts 28 (Fig. 3, 4) and 29 (Fig. 3) have a hole at one end for connecting to the electrical circuit using a screw connection, and on the other end are made in the form of a washer segment, which allows a large contact area with the contact washer 39 (Fig. 12). For the convenience of soldering and maintainability, the ends 41 (Fig. 3) and 42 of the retraction winding and the ends 43 and 44 of the holding winding are brought out to the end of the spacer 26 (Fig. 1, 2).

The starter works as follows.

When the ignition key is turned, current is supplied to the ignition key contact 27 (Fig. 1, 3), feeding the retraction winding 9 (Fig. 1) and the holding winding 8. The starter motor 1 is also powered through the retraction winding 9. In this case, the armature 17 (Fig. 1, 2) is drawn into the magnetic circuit 7 (Fig. 1), moving with it through the washer 18 (Fig. 1, 2) the starter freewheel, compressing the return spring 20 (Fig. 1). At the same time, the starter motor 1, powered through the retraction winding 8, begins to rotate the shaft 4 at a low speed, and with it the freewheel clutch of the starter with gear 11. Thus, the gear 11 smoothly engages with the gear rim of the engine flywheel ( Fig. not shown) allowing further advancement of the armature 17 (Fig. 1, 2) inside the magnetic circuit 7 (Fig. 1). In this case, at the end of the stroke, the corrugated spring 40 is compressed (Fig. 1, 2), and the contact washer 39 is pressed against the spacer 26 (Fig. 1, 3), closing contacts 29 (Fig. 3) and 28 (Fig. 3, 4) , and thereby supplying the operating current from the battery directly to the electric motor 1 (Fig. 1) of the starter, and the armature 17 (Fig. 1, 2) continues to move to the ledge 32 (Fig. 1), compressing the corrugated spring 38 (Fig. 2) ... When the armature 17 (Fig. 1, 2) comes into contact with the step 32 (Fig. 1), it sticks, since the step 32 is part of the magnetic circuit 7 that retracts 9 and holds 8 windings. Thus, the contact washer 39 (Fig. 1, 2) is tightly pressed against the contacts 28 (Fig. 3, 4) and 29 (Fig. 3) under the action of the spring 38 (Fig. 2), providing reliable contact. In this case, the current power on the retraction winding 9 (Fig. 1) decreases and further retention of the armature 17 (Figs. 1, 2) occurs only due to the holding winding 8 (Fig. 1).

When the current is supplied directly from the battery to the starter motor 1, the speed and the force of rotation of the shaft 4 by the starter motor 1 increase sharply. And since the gear 11 is already in engagement with the gear rim of the engine flywheel, the rotational movement of the shaft 4 through the spline screw connection 14 goes into the translational movement of the freewheel clutch and, accordingly, the gear 11 along the teeth of the gear rim of the flywheel of the engine until it stops in the retaining ring 21 through the clip 22 and the fully compressed spring 20. In this case, an impact occurs, which is transmitted to the support 25 through the shaft 4, the carrier 3, the spacer 23 and the buffer 24. Due to the presence of the buffer 24, the impact is softened and the structure does not damage.

After the freewheel clutch abuts against the retaining ring 21, the rotational movement on the shaft 4 through the spline screw connection 14 turns into the rotational movement of the drive element 13 of the freewheel clutch, and from it, through the self-tightening spring 15, the torque is transmitted to the driven element 10 with gear 11 , which begins to untwist the engine flywheel ring gear.

After the car engine is started, the peripheral speed of the engine flywheel ring gear becomes greater than the peripheral speed of the gear 11, which the starter motor 1 can provide. At the same time, torque is transmitted from the gear rim of the engine flywheel to the starter motor 1 through the gear 11, the freewheel and the planetary gear 2. As this torque increases in the freewheel clutch, the self-tightening spring 15 begins to twist, and when the calculated value of the reverse torque is reached, the driven element 10 begins to rotate relative to the driving element 13.

At the same time, the return spring 20 pushes the freewheel towards the starter motor 1, since the torque from the starter no longer presses it against the lock washer 21, and, on the contrary, the torque transmitted from the engine gear wheel tends to turn the freewheel relative to the shaft 4 and move it towards the starter motor 1 through the spline screw connection 14. Thus, the clutch is pushed up to the stop in the washer 18 (Fig. 1, 2), rigidly connected to the armature 17, which is held in place by the holding winding 8 (Fig. 1 ).

When the ignition key is turned off, the holding winding 8 ceases to hold the armature 17 (Figs. 1, 2), and it, together with the contact washer 39, is moved by the corrugated spring 40 (Figs. 1, 2) from the spacer 26 (Figs. 1, 3), opening the contacts 28 (Fig. 3, 4) and 29 (Fig. 3) and disconnecting power from the electric motor 1 (Fig. 1) of the starter. The freewheel clutch under the action of the return spring 20 and the torque from the engine gearwheel together with the armature 17 (Fig. 1, 2) moves to its original position until it stops in the retaining ring 19 (Fig. 1).

In case the engine does not start, the starter works as follows. After turning off the power supply with the ignition key and de-energizing the contact 27, the holding winding 8 releases the armature 17 (Fig. 1, 2), which, under the action of the corrugated spring 40, moves together with the contact washer 39, opening the contacts 28 (Fig. 3, 4), 29 (Fig. . 3) and turning off the electric motor 1 (Fig. 1) of the starter. The starter motor 1 stops and the return spring 20 freely returns the freewheel and the armature 17 (Fig. 1, 2) to its original position until it stops in the retaining ring 19 (Fig. 1).

This design of the starter simplifies its design, increases reliability and durability in operation, reduces overall dimensions and weight.

Claims (5)

1. Starter of an internal combustion engine containing an electric motor (1), a freewheel that holds (8) and retracts (9) windings located inside the magnetic circuit (7), an armature (17), characterized in that the armature (17) is made in in the form of a bushing and is installed on the freewheel clutch with the possibility of mutual axial movement and rotation, and a jumper is installed on the armature (17), made in the form of a contact washer (39) and electrically isolated from it, having the ability to close the contacts (28, 29) of the electrical circuit from battery to the winding of the starter motor (1), and the said contacts (28, 29), in turn, are located in a spacer (26) made of dielectric material, in which the contact (27) is also located, connecting the electrical circuit from the ignition key to retraction (9) and retaining (8) windings located inside the magnetic circuit (7). 2. The starter of an internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the armature (17) is rigidly connected to the washer (18) limiting the movement of the insulators (35, 37) and the corrugated spring (38), which presses the contact washer (39), and the armature (17) is made movable through the washer (18) of the freewheel clutch, and between the end of the bore made in the spacer (26) and the insulator (37) a corrugated spring (40) is installed. 3. The starter of an internal combustion engine according to claim 2, characterized in that the profile of the corrugated spring (38, 40) is circular. 4. An internal combustion engine starter according to claim 1, characterized in that a felt gland (33) impregnated with oil is installed between the projection (32) of the magnetic circuit (7) and the ring (34) made of non-magnetic material. 5. The starter of an internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the contacts (28, 29) installed in the spacer (26) have holes for connecting to the electrical circuit at one end, and are made in the form of a washer segment at the other.

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