RU2736838C1 - Method of processing granular materials in a vibro-bubbled layer and device for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: technological processes.

SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to processing of granular materials in aerovibro-fluidized layer and can be used for heat, mass-exchange and mechanical processes in production of construction materials, chemical, agricultural and foundry industries. In the method of processing granular materials in the vibro-bubbled layer, the material is fed onto the load-carrying surface of the vibration conveyor and vibro-transported in the direction of unloading from the plant. At that, the vibrating layer particles are exposed to the flow or several gas flows by bubbling it through the vibration layer of the material, wherein supply of gas into the vibrating layer of material is carried out through a gap formed by a continuous load-carrying vibrating surface and a boundary edge of the walls of the bubbler outlet branch pipe, not more than the height of the part of the material layer located above the edge of the walls of the outlet branch pipe of the said bubbler. Disclosed also is a device for processing granular materials in a vibro-bubbled layer, in which at least one bubbler is connected to the gas supply means with at least one branch pipe of the outlet hole immersed in the vibration layer of the material, wherein the size of the gap between the load-carrying surface and the edge of the walls of the bubbler outlet branch pipe shall not exceed the height of the portion of the material layer located above the edge of the walls of the branch pipe of the outlet of the said bubbler.

EFFECT: technical result consists in reduction of power consumption, increase of efficiency and operational reliability, in expansion of application area.

8 cl, 9 dwg

Description

The proposed invention relates to the field of production and processing of bulk and hard-flowing granular materials in an air-vibrated bed, in particular for the implementation of heat and (or) mass transfer processes (heating, cooling, drying, absorption, etc.), as well as mechanical processes (dedusting of crushed stone, sand and other materials, gas purification by filtration through a layer of granular material, mixing, etc.).

The invention can be used in the production of building materials, chemical, agricultural, foundry and other industries.

There are known methods for carrying out heat and mass transfer processes and classifying particles, in particular for drying granular materials, in a vibro-boiling bed by blowing a gaseous heat carrier through a layer of granular material located on a vibrating grate, blowing the heat carrier both from the bottom up to form an aerovibro-fluidized layer [1], so and from top to bottom through the vibroboiling bed [2]. The drying process in these inventions consists in the fact that the intense vibrational effect of the grating on the layer of the granular medium located on it brings the material layer into a vibro-boiling, essentially vibro-fluidized state, which provides loosening of the layer and intensive mixing of the material particles in the layer, having a beneficial effect on the process of uniform distribution of a gaseous medium in a layer of granular material and an increase in the surface of interaction of a gaseous agent and material particles, which ultimately ensures a high efficiency of heat and mass transfer of material particles with a gaseous heat carrier, which, passing through the vibro-boiling layer of material, transfers its heat to it and at the same time absorbs moisture evaporating from material particles. Further, the gases leaving the layer carry away moisture from the layer, drying the material.

These methods of drying bulk materials in a vibro-fluidized bed are also effectively used for the classification and dedusting of materials such as peat, sand, crushed stone, etc., by entrainment of fine fraction from the material layer when blowing through the grate and the material layer of the gaseous medium from the bottom up.

The disadvantage of the above methods is the low efficiency of the processes of heat and (or) mass transfer of material and gaseous coolant, since it is not possible to carry out processes at high temperatures of the coolant (over 700 ° C) due to the violation of the strength of the vibrating grate and significant temperature deformation of it and the body of the apparatus ... Restrictions on the use of higher temperatures of the coolant reduces the efficiency of heat and mass transfer processes and limits the scope of the applied methods, in particular, for carrying out firing processes, for example, expanded clay, lime and other materials.

Also, the disadvantages of these methods are the high energy consumption of the implementation of heat and (or) mass transfer and mechanical processes, for example, such as classification or dedusting of material, due to the fact that gases are blown through not only through the material layer, but also through the vibrating grating supporting the layer, aerodynamic resistance which is relatively large. In addition, the effectiveness of the above methods is reduced when the grid holes are clogged with grains of materials containing particles of irregular (especially needle-like) shapes, as well as when the grid holes are covered with a material containing clay or other particles prone to sticking to the grid. Plugging of the lattice openings leads to a violation of the aerodynamic regime, heat and (or) mass transfer and other processes (enrichment, classification, etc.) carried out in the aerovibro-fluidized layer, which, as a result, reduces the operational efficiency of the processes in connection with the need for frequent stopping of the apparatus to clean the grate. All of the listed disadvantages of the above methods of processing bulk materials in a vibro-fluidized bed are due to the need to use a vibrating grate, which serves as a gas distribution device to enter the gas flow into the bed, as well as to maintain the material layer located on it and transmit vibration to the layer.

There are also known methods for carrying out heat and mass transfer processes without the use of a grate, for example, by bubbling hot combustion products through the medium being processed using submersible burners, in particular, a method for evaporating liquid media [3]. As a device that implements this method, there can be, for example, an installation for the evaporation of liquid waste [4].

The essence of the above method and operation of the device for evaporating liquid media is that when fuel is burned in the combustion chamber of the burner, the resulting gaseous combustion products are directed into the outlet of the burner, the lower (outlet) part of which is immersed for a certain amount into the layer of the medium to be evaporated, which is in a sealed the body of the apparatus, the lower part of which serves as a container for the medium to be evaporated. Coming out of the burner pipe, the gases bubbling a liquid medium, while forming a lot of gaseous bubbles with a large interphase surface, which creates good conditions for heat and mass exchange between hot gases and liquid, as a result of which a vapor-gas mixture is continuously formed, which, leaving the liquid layer, is discharged in the form of vapors from the bubbler.

The disadvantage of the above bubbling method and device for its implementation, in particular evaporation, is the low efficiency of the process and its high energy consumption due to the high aerodynamic resistance to the passage of gas through a dense layer of the bubbling medium.

A more efficient way of carrying out heat and (or) mass transfer processes and processes of mechanical processing of materials is provided by bubbling gases through a vibro-boiling (vibro-fluidized) layer of the medium being processed. One of such methods and a device for its implementation is a method for purifying air in a vibro-boiling liquid layer and a device for its implementation [5], taken as an analogue, which consists in the fact that a gas stream contaminated with dust is fed through an inlet pipe to its cylindrical part located in the body of the installation, and the cut of the walls of the lower branch pipe of the cylindrical part, through which the gas flow exits, is positioned with a gap above the mirror of the liquid in the tank, and pseudo-boiling of the liquid is created with the formation of a gas-liquid suspension, and then the gas-liquid suspension is removed to the liquid phase separator, the gas flow from liquid droplets and take it out of the apparatus through the outlet. The sludge formed in the liquid is removed through a pipe located at the bottom of the tank body. In the distinctive part of the aforementioned invention, it is indicated that the polluted gas stream is fed through a cylindrical pipe, a vibrator is placed in the upper layers of the liquid and fixed to the body of the installation by means of an elastic perforated membrane, and the formation of a gas-liquid suspension is further enhanced by creating a vibrating layer in the upper layers of the liquid.

A device for implementing the specified method for cleaning air from dust in a vibrating-boiling liquid layer comprises a housing, a nozzle for introducing dusty gas and a nozzle for an outlet of cleaned gas, a reservoir with a liquid, a flushing nozzle and a pipe for removing sludge. The nozzle for introducing dusty gas is cylindrical, and a vibrator is placed in the upper layers of the liquid, fixed to the body by means of an elastic perforated membrane.

The disadvantage of this method and device for its implementation is the low efficiency of the dust collection process due to the relatively low efficiency of mixing the gas flow with the contacting medium, because the gas flow is introduced through the lower cut of the nozzle walls only into the upper part of the vibroboiling layer of the medium, which reduces the volume of the zone of interaction between the gas and the processed medium, and, consequently, the surface of the interface between the interacting media. In addition, the shallow, exclusively only in the upper part of the layer, the inlet of the gas flow promotes the flow of the gas medium upward in the form of fistulas along the perimeter of the liquid adjoining the walls of the nozzle, which sharply reduces the concentration of liquid in the gas-liquid suspension, and a decrease in the volume of wetted dust in the cleaned gas, which naturally leads to a decrease in the efficiency of the dust collection process, and, consequently, insufficient gas purification.

Another important disadvantage of the analogue is the narrow area of applicability of this method, limited to the area of processing exclusively liquid and gaseous media containing mechanically (for example, dust) or chemically bound impurities, and are not applicable, for example, for processing gas and bulk media.

The closest technical solution to the claimed object, selected for the prototype, is "Method and device for preventing agglomeration of viscous particles during drying" [6], which consists in the fact that a hard-flowing granular material prone to agglomeration in the form of viscous particles is fed to the upper, along a substantially load-carrying, perforated surface of a conveyor, preferably vibrating, made in the form of a vibrating table or vibrating tray, and the layer of particles is moved by the load-carrying perforated surface through a fluidized, essentially aero-vibrated fluidized bed formed by blowing a layer of particles with a heated air flow passing from bottom to top through the vibrating perforated load-carrying surface and a vibro-conveyed layer of material, and thus drying the particles of the material in an aero-vibro-fluidized (fluidized) bed. At the same time, the particles of the transported layer are additionally influenced by several or one flow of pulsating air supplied from above using a special means of supplying pulsating air in order to influence the particle layer from above with an air flow, thus destroying agglomerates of sticky viscous particles, which increases the efficiency of heat and mass transfer of air medium and particles, in addition, regulation of the pulsation parameters, velocities and temperature of the pulsating air flow and the flow of gases for drying is provided.

An installation for implementing the specified method for preventing agglomeration of viscous particles during their drying comprises means for introducing viscous particles onto the upper perforated surface of the conveyor, preferably vibrating, made in the form of a vibrating table or vibrating tray, which vibrates them through the aero-vibrated (fluidized) layer of material in the direction of the outlet means for unloading material from installation. The device also contains a means for supplying hot gases for blowing them from bottom to top through the perforated bottom of the vibrating tray and a layer of vibration-transported material for drying the material in an aero-vibrated (fluidized) bed. The hot gas supply means comprises a gas heating device. In addition, the device contains means for supplying one or more pulsating air streams connected to nozzles, through which the pulsating air jets act on the layer of material particles from above to destroy agglomerates of viscous particles. The device also provides means for regulating the supply of air flows for drying and pulsating air, pulsation parameters and air temperature for drying material.

The disadvantage of the prototype is the limited scope of its application, exclusively for drying granular materials that do not allow the use of a gaseous heat carrier with a temperature above 200 ° C, i.e. not allowing "hard" drying mode. For most granular materials, such as quartz sand, wet viscous clay particles or its granules, a more effective "hard" drying regime is used with a gaseous heat carrier temperature of 800 ° C or more, which provides a significant increase in the efficiency of heat and mass transfer between material particles and gas , a significant reduction in the consumption of the heat carrier for drying and, accordingly, a decrease in the volume of exhaust gases after drying, which in general reduces the energy consumption for the process and increases the efficiency of drying granular materials in an aerovibroboiling (fluidized) bed. In addition, a decrease in the volume of exhaust gases after drying reduces the cost of devices for dust and gas cleaning of these gases before they are released into the atmosphere and the energy consumption of draft devices (fans) used to move gases. However, since the prototype method is based on the use of a material drying process by blowing hot gases through the layer of material and the perforated surface supporting it, then, as noted in the invention [1], an increase in the temperature of the gases blown through the layer above 600-700 ° C is unacceptable due to the violation of the strength of the perforated surface (especially vibrating) and significant temperature deformation of its structure and the body of the device. Also, since in the prototype the drying of viscous particles is carried out by blowing hot gas through a vibrating perforated surface and then through a layer of material particles resting on it, the energy consumption of the drying process inevitably increases, associated with additional costs to overcome the aerodynamic resistance of the perforated load-carrying surface to the flow of the blown gas. In addition, the holes of the perforated load-carrying surface in the process of transporting a layer of material particles along it are clogged or smeared with viscous particles, which also leads to an increase in the resistance to the gas flow blown through the grating and to a violation of the aerodynamic regime of gas blowing through the layer, and this, as a consequence, reduces the efficiency of the drying process in a vibro-fluidized bed and increases the energy intensity of the process.

The main task to be solved by the proposed invention is to expand the functionality and scope of the method, as well as to reduce the energy consumption and increase the efficiency of the processes of processing granular, including wet, poorly flowing materials containing viscous particles in an aero-vibrated layer moved by a vibrating load-carrying surface, for the implementation of heat and (or) mass transfer processes between gas and material particles, which include heating, cooling, drying, absorption and others, as well as mechanical processes for processing materials, for example, such as dedusting sand, gravel and other similar materials contaminated with finely dispersed particles, cleaning dusty gas by filtering it through a vibro-layer of granular material, mixing granular materials and other similar processes carried out in an aerovibro-fluidized (vibro-boiling) layer.

The task is achieved using a method that, like the prototype, includes feeding material particles through a material introduction means onto an upper, essentially load-bearing, vibrating surface, and moving, essentially vibratory transport, a layer of material particles by this surface in the direction of the output means for material release from a vibrating load-carrying surface and from the installation as a whole, the supply of an air flow, essentially a gas flow, through the gas supply means, the impact of this gas flow, which can be pulsating and heated, or several such gas flows on the particles of the layer of the vibration-transported material, and the possibility of regulation gas flow parameters such as gas temperature, pulsation parameters and gas flow rate.

In contrast to the prototype, in the proposed method, the effect of a gas flow on the particles of the vibrating layer of material is carried out by bubbling it through the vibrating layer of the material by supplying gas deep into the vibrating layer of material through the gap formed by the continuous load-carrying vibrating surface and the cut edge of the walls of the nozzle of the outlet of the bubbler, no more than the height part of the layer of material located above the cut edge of the walls of the outlet branch pipe of the said bubbler.

In addition, the proposed method differs in that:

- the gas flow is supplied to the vibrolayer of the material through at least one branch pipe of the bubbler outlet, and each gas flow may differ in aerodynamic parameters, temperature, and also its properties, including the composition of the gas and the content of mechanical impurities in the gas in the form of sprayed in it finely dispersed solid particles or liquid droplets, with the ability to adjust the properties and parameters of the gas flow;

- one or more types of granular materials differing in properties are initially fed to the fusogenic vibrating surface and these materials are processed, including mixing their components by vibrating and bubbling the material layer with gas, after which one or more types of materials differing in properties are additionally fed into the vibrating material layer and make their further processing, including mixing all components by vibrating and bubbling the material layer with gas, if necessary, changing the vibration mode of the layer, the aerodynamic mode of its bubbling and gas properties from the initial parameters of the material processing process, and then repeat such actions until the required properties of the material obtained in this way are obtained a multicomponent mixture of material, after which it is unloaded from the installation, while the process of processing granular materials can be carried out both in a periodic and continuous way;

- one or more types of materials differing in properties, including in the form of atomized fine solid particles or liquid, are fed into the gas flow passing through the inner space of the bubbler or the branch pipe of its outlet, with the possibility of adjusting the rate of their supply;

- vibrations of the load-carrying surface can be harmonic, non-harmonic, have a rectilinear, circular, elliptical or other trajectory of vibrations, and the load-carrying vibrating surface can be located horizontally or at an angle to the horizon, with the possibility of adjusting the above parameters.

The proposed method for processing granular materials in a vibrobarbotable layer is carried out using a device that, like the prototype, contains a conveyor made with a vibrator in the form of a vibrating table or vibrating tray, means for introducing material onto the upper, essentially load-carrying, vibrating surface of the load-carrying surface and from the device as a whole, at least one means of gas supply, made with the possibility of affecting the particles of the vibration-transported layer by one or more gas flows, including in a pulsating mode, and with the possibility of regulating the gas flow rate, parameters of its pulsation and temperature gas, control valves, piping and manifold.

In contrast to the prototype, in the device, at least one bubbler is connected to the gas supply means, made with at least one branch pipe of its outlet, the walls of which are immersed in the vibrating layer of granular material with the formation of a gap between the continuous load-carrying vibrating surface and the cut edge of the walls of the outlet branch pipe orifices of the bubbler no more than the height of the part of the material layer located above the said cut edge. In addition, the proposed device is characterized in that: - the shortest distance between the edges of the cutoffs of the walls of the adjacent branch pipes of the outlet openings of the bubblers preferably does not exceed the double height of the part of the vibrating layer of the material located above the edges of the cut of the walls of the said branch pipes;

- the shortest distance from each of the sides of the vibrating tray or vibrating table to the cut edge of the walls of the nearest branch pipe of the outlet of the bubbler preferably does not exceed the height of the part of the vibrating layer of material located above the edge of the cut of the walls of the said branch pipes.

The essence of the proposed technical solution lies in the fact that the efficiency and operational reliability are increased, the energy consumption is reduced, the functionality and scope of the method and device for processing granular materials are expanded.

In particular, the functionality of the method and device for its implementation is expanded due to the possibility of using a gaseous coolant with a high temperature (over 800 ° C) to carry out heat and mass transfer processes in the vibro-sparged layer, and, as a result, the energy consumption is reduced and the efficiency of these processes is increased. , and also expanded the field of application of the method and device, in particular for the implementation of such processes as roasting in an aerovibro-fluidized layer of granular materials, such as lime and other materials. In addition, the operational reliability of using the method and device is increased by eliminating the need to use various kinds of sieves, mesh and other perforated structures used as gas distribution devices for introducing gas into the material layer and at the same time as a load-carrying vibration-conveying surface provided in the prototype and analogues.

This is achieved by the fact that the vibratory transportation of the material layer is carried out by a continuous (without perforation) vibrating load-carrying surface, which is a more wear-resistant and thermally stable structure, and at the same time, in the process of vibrating the material layer, its particles are affected by one or more gas flows by separately bubbling each gas flow through the vibratory layer granular material. Bubbling is carried out by supplying gas to the bubbler, in which one or more branch pipes for gas outlet from the bubbler are immersed in a vibrotransportable layer of granular material with the formation of a gap between the vibrating load-carrying surface, on which the layer of material is located, and the cut edge of the walls forming the outlet of the bubbler branch pipe, through which the gas flow enters into the depth of the material layer, bubbling it and leaving the layer. In order to achieve a developed surface of interaction between gas and material particles in the layer and to ensure uniform distribution of the gas flow in the vibrolayer of the granular material, the gap size is set no more than the value of the part of the material layer height located above the cut edge of the outlet walls of the bubbler branch pipe. In this case, the hydraulic resistance of the lower part of the vibro-layer under the cut edge of the walls of the outlet of the bubbler branch pipe is set practically equal to the value of the hydraulic resistance of the height of the part of the vibro-layer located above the mentioned edge of the walls of the bubbler. Accordingly, the gas in the layer will propagate from the shear edges of the walls of the outlet of the bubbler in almost the same way in all directions both along the height of the layer and in directions transverse to the height of the layer for a distance equal to the height of the part of the layer of the vibrating layer of material located above the edge of the cut of the walls of the outlet of the nozzle bubbler. In this case, it is preferable to minimize the size of the gap between the edge of the cutoff of the walls of the outlet of the bubbler branch pipe and the load-carrying vibrating surface, in order to provide an opportunity not only to intensify the speed mode of interaction of the gas with material particles in the depth of the vibro-layer in the space under the edge of the walls of the outlet of the bubbler and thereby increase the efficiency of the processing processes material in the aerovibro-fluidized layer and help prevent agglomeration of viscous particles of the material, but also increase the uniformity of the zone of intense gas distribution over the entire height of the layer and in directions transverse to the height of the layer. The minimum gap between the shear edge of the walls of the outlet of the bubbler and the vibrating load-carrying surface should not exceed the value of the normal component to the load-carrying surface of the amplitude of its oscillations, so as not to cause the edges of the cut walls of the said bubbler pipe to come into contact with the vibrating load-carrying surface.

To ensure the possibility of simultaneous execution of several technological operations during the processing of granular material in one apparatus with gases having different properties, as well as a more uniform distribution of the gas flow introduced into the vibrating layer material over the entire area of the layer located on the vibrating surface, it is preferable to act on the particles of the vibrating layer with several flows gas. In this case, the gas flow in the vibrolayer material is fed through several outlet nozzles of one or more bubblers, and each gas flow can have the same or different properties and gas composition.

Any of the gas streams can be fed into the vibrolayer of the material with a different gas flow rate, which can be inert or inert, heated, cooled, dry, wet, in the form of steam, pulsating or have other properties and composition, including the content of mechanical impurities , in particular in the form of fine solid particles, liquid droplets or other substances. In this case, the velocity of each gas flow in the vibrolayer of the material can be both lower than the critical gas velocity at which the layer of granular material passes into an aero-fluidized state, and higher than the critical gas velocity, at which the particles from the processed material during the dedusting operation.

The supply of the gas flow in the vibro-layer of the material is preferably carried out with the possibility of adjusting, including automatically, its properties, for example, such as the temperature and (or) aerodynamic parameters of each gas flow, the composition of the gas, including the content of mechanical impurities in the form of finely dispersed solid particles or drops of liquid, which makes it possible to provide control over the course of the technological process of processing granular materials during the entire time the material is in the device.

The control of the properties of the gas flow and the aerodynamic mode of its bubbling through the vibrolayer is preferably carried out by changing the above parameters of the gas flow before they are fed separately to each bubbler or to all bubblers simultaneously or directly in the bubblers themselves or their nozzles before the gas is released from them into the vibratory layer of the material.

To make it possible to obtain a multicomponent mixture from individual granular materials, one or more types of granular materials differing in properties are initially fed to the load-bearing vibrating surface and these materials are processed, including mixing their components, by bubbling the vibrational layer of the material with gas, after which one or more several types of materials differing in properties and produce their further processing, including mixing all components, by vibrating and bubbling the material layer with gas, if necessary, changing the vibration mode of the layer, the aerodynamic mode of its bubbling and the properties of gases from the initial parameters of the material processing process, and then repeat these actions until the required properties of the multicomponent mixture of material obtained in this way are ensured, after which it is unloaded from the installation, while the process of processing granular materials can be carried out i in both periodic and continuous way. With a continuous method of obtaining a multicomponent mixture, loading and unloading of material from the installation is carried out simultaneously. Continuous supply of materials can be carried out simultaneously both on the vibro-conveying surface and into the transported vibro-layer of material, continuously adding a new type of material to the layer at any place during its transportation along the load-bearing surface. With the periodic method, the loading of materials into the installation is carried out periodically by feeding a portion of the first type of material onto the vibrating surface and processing it, alternately feeding a new type of material into the vibratory layer and processing them and repeating such operations until all materials are completely processed, after which the processing of materials is stopped and the finished multicomponent the material is removed from the installation.

For better distribution of the granular material additionally introduced into it into the vibrolayer, they are fed into the gas flow passing through the inner space of the bubbler. In this case, the materials supplied to the bubbler can differ in their properties, be fine solid particles or liquid droplets, supplied preferably with their spraying in a gas stream passing through the bubbler, and also with the possibility of adjusting the rate of their supply, including in automatic mode ...

Vibration of a layer of granular material is carried out by a load-carrying vibrating surface with vibrations, which, depending on the properties of the material layer and the design of the apparatus, can be nonharmonic (biharmonic, vibro-shock, etc.) or harmonic, have a circular, elliptical, rectilinear or other trajectory of oscillations. The vibrations can be directed vertically or at an angle to the vibrating surface, and the load-bearing vibrating surface can be located horizontally or at an angle to the horizontal, with the possibility of adjusting the above-mentioned vibration parameters and surface location, including in automatic mode. In addition to the above, the regulation of oscillations can be carried out by changing their frequency and amplitude, including in automatic mode. To intensify the mixing of the material particles in the layer and their interaction with the gas, the vibrations of the load-carrying vibrating surface are preferably carried out with an acceleration of more than 9.8 m / s.

The use of the proposed set of essential features in a method for processing granular materials in a vibration-sparged layer and a device for its implementation allows obtaining a new technical result, which consists in reducing energy consumption and increasing the efficiency and operational reliability of the method and device, as well as expanding the scope of application of the method and device for processing granular materials during heat and (or) mass transfer processes (heating, cooling, drying, roasting, etc.), as well as mechanical processes, such as dedusting sand, crushed stone and other materials, cleaning gases by filtration through a vibro-fluidized bed of granular material, mixing granular media, and other similar processes carried out in a vibro-fluidized bed of bulk materials.

This is achieved by the fact that in the method of processing granular materials in a vibration-bubbling layer, the effect of a gas flow on the particles of the vibration-transported layer of material is carried out by bubbling it through the vibro-layer of the material by supplying gas deep into the vibrated layer of material through a gap formed by a continuous (without perforations) load-carrying vibrating surface and the cut edge of the walls the outlet branch pipe of the bubbler, not exceeding the height of the part of the material layer located above the cut edge of the walls of the outlet branch pipe of the said bubbler. With this method of gas injection into a vibratory layer of a granular material, located on a continuous vibrating load-carrying surface, the gas spreads throughout the entire volume of the material layer, penetrating both into its lower part to the load-carrying surface, and in directions transverse to the layer height from the edge of the bubbler pipe wall cut to a distance equal to the height of the part of the layer of material located above the shear edge of the walls of the outlet branch pipe of the bubbler. The specified value of the immersion of the bubbler outlet branch pipe in the vibration layer of the material excludes unwanted gas leaks along the immersion height into the layer of the branch pipe walls and ensures uniform aero-liquefaction of a significant volume of the vibro-layer of granular material, which reduces the energy consumption and increases the efficiency of the process of processing granular materials in the aero vibrated layer.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by drawings, which depict:

- in Fig. 1 is a diagram of a device for processing granular materials in a vibration-sparged layer, made in the form of an installation, which shows possible designs of bubblers, options for their placement above the load-carrying surface of a trough, a vibrating tray of various shapes and options for connecting bubblers to gas supply and regulation of its parameters

- in Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the apparatus of FIG. 1 (the section is made along the line A-A), which shows one of the possible schemes for placing two bubblers between the sides of the vibrating tray;

- in Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the installation shown in FIG. 1 (the section is made along the line B-B), which shows one of the possible designs of the bubbler with a means for introducing additional materials connected to the branch pipe of its outlet;

- in Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the apparatus of FIG. 1 (the section is made along the line B-B), which shows one of the possible designs of a vibrating tray with two troughs with bubblers located above them;

- in Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the bubbler of FIG. 3 (the section is made along the line Г-Г), which shows possible variants of the shape of the cross-section of the branch pipe of the outlet of the bubbler;

- in Fig. 6 is a structural diagram of a device for processing granular materials in a vibrobarbotable layer, made in the form of an installation, showing an embodiment of the design of a bubbler with a branch pipe of its outlet, made in the form of a cap, installed above the opening of the load-carrying surface of the vibrating chute;

- in Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the apparatus of FIG. 6 (the section is made along the line D-D), which shows a possible execution of the bubbler, the inlet of which is made in the load-carrying surface of the vibrating tray;

- in Fig. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the apparatus of FIG. 6 (the section is made along the line E-E), which shows a possible execution of the bubbler with an inlet pipe, the walls of which are fixed on the vibrating load-carrying surface of the vibrating tray;

- in Fig. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the apparatus of FIG. 6 (the section is made along the line Zh-Zh), which shows a possible version of the bubbler, the walls of the inlet pipe of which are installed with a gap in the hole of the load-carrying surface of the vibrating tray.

A device for processing granular materials in a vibration-sparged layer in the design shown in FIG. 1, is made in the form of an installation containing a vibrating conveyor, the vibration-transporting body of which is made in the form of a vibrating tray 1, mounted on a fixed base on shock absorbers 2 and equipped with a vibrator 3, which can be eccentric, unbalanced or of another design. The vibrating channel 1 is made in the form of a trough-shaped trough with a solid (not perforated) load-carrying surface 4, located horizontally in this design. Alternatively, said load-carrying surface 4 can be inclined upward or downward. In addition, the load-carrying surface 4 of the chute of the vibrating tray 1 can be made flat (Fig. 2), polygonal (Fig. 3), semi-oval, or another shape in the cross section of the chute of the vibrating tray 1. In the present description of the device for processing granular materials in the vibro-bubbling layer in Fig. ... 2 and 3, as in all other cited figures, structural elements of a device with a similar functional purpose are designated with the same reference numbers.

The device in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, contains two means for introducing material 5 onto the load-carrying surface 4 of the chute of the vibrating tray 1, one of which is located at the edge of the chute (shown on the left in Fig. 1), and the second - in the middle part of the chute length. In this case, the material input means 5 can be configured to adjust the rate of material supply. For unloading material from the installation, a material discharge device 6 is provided from said surface 4, which can be configured to adjust the height of the material on the transporting load-carrying surface 4 of the chute of the vibrating tray 1, for example with a flap installed in the material discharge device 6, as shown in Fig. 1.

There are several such means of input 5 and release of material 6 from the load-bearing surface 4, both along the length of the chute of the vibrating tray 1 and at its ends.

In the device of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, above the load-carrying surface 4 of the trough of the vibrating tray 1, several bubblers 7, 8, 9, and 10 of various designs and their outlet nozzles 11 are located above the load-carrying vibrating surface 4 of the vibrating tray 1 and immersed in the vibrating layer of granular material.

Shown in FIG. 1, the design of the device is provided solely to simplify the description of possible options for implementing the method and design of individual units and the device itself using bubblers and nozzles of their outlet openings and their placement above the load-carrying surface 4 vibrating tray 1. In real plant designs, the number and design of vibrating tray, bubblers, the branch pipes of their outlet openings, means for inlet and outlet of material from the installation and other units of the device may differ from the given design of the installation shown in FIG. 1.

One or more bubblers can be placed between the sides of the chute of the vibrating tray 1, for example, as shown in FIG. 2, which shows the placement of two bubblers 10 between the sides of the chute of the vibrating tray 1, and FIG. 3, where between the sides of the chute of the vibrating tray 1 there is one bubbler 9. In addition, the vibrating tray 1 can be made with several chutes, above each of which there is at least one bubbler, for example, as shown in FIG. 4.

In all the cases mentioned, the nozzles 11 of the outlet openings of any bubbler design must be located above a continuous load-carrying vibrating surface with the formation of a gap "B" (Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4) between the cut edge 12 of the walls of the nozzles 11 of the outlet openings of the bubblers and the load-carrying surface 4 grooves vibrating chute 1. In this case, the size of the gap "E" should not exceed the height of the part of the layer of material "h" located above the above-mentioned cut edge of the nozzle walls, i.e. the condition must be fulfilled: Е≤h (fig, 2). Compliance with this condition ensures uniform distribution of gas in the vibrating layer of the material located on the load-bearing vibrating surface. When supplying several gas streams to the vibrolayer through separate branch pipes of the bubblers for uniform distribution of gas in the vibratory layer, it is preferable to arrange these branch pipes relative to each other so that the shortest distance "to" (Fig. 2) between the edges of the wall sections of the adjacent branch pipes of the outlet openings of the bubblers did not exceed the value of the double height of the part of the vibrolayer of the material located above the cut edges of the walls of the said pipes, i.e. preferably the following condition should be met: k≤2h. The shortest distance "b" from each of the sides of the vibrating tray or vibrating table to the edge of the cut of the walls of the bubbler outlet nozzle nearest to it, as shown for example in FIG. 2 and 4, it is preferable to set less than the height of the part of the vibrating layer of material "h" located above the edge of the cut of the walls of the said pipes, i.e. the condition b≤h should preferably be satisfied.

The device shown in FIG. 1 also contains means for supplying a gas stream 13, of which there can be several with the possibility of supplying gas to different bubblers, as shown, for example, for bubblers 7, 9 and 8 in FIG. 1.

The gas flow supply means 13 can be equipped with a blowing device, for example a fan 14, and a means for adjusting the parameters of the gas flow 15 with the possibility of its operation, including in automatic mode. In this case, the means for adjusting the parameters of the gas flow 15 can be configured to control various parameters of the gas flow, for example, such as changing the pressure, pulsation parameters, the rate of gas supply, its humidity and temperature, the concentration of mechanical impurities contained in the gas flow, such as dust and others. environments, and other properties of gas.

The gas flow supply means 13 and the gas flow control means 15 can be connected to the bubblers through the manifold 16 (for example, to the bubblers 7 and 9) or directly via the pipeline 17 (for example to the bubbler 8), as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, 3 and 4.

To remove the exhaust flue gases from the installation above the chute of the vibrating tray 1 along its length, several or one gas outlet 18 can be installed, as shown in FIG. 1. Also, in the cross section of one or more troughs of the vibrating tray 1, one or more exhaust hoods 18 can be placed, as shown in FIG. 2, 3 and 4.

The gas outlet 18 for discharging gas from it can be provided with several or one simple outlet 19 or outlet 20 made with a regulating device for the possibility of regulating the rate of exit from the installation of flue gases. The venting umbrella 18 can be connected to the vibrating tray 1 by an elastic insert 21 to prevent the transmission of vibration from the vibrating tray to the venting umbrella.

To clean the exhaust gases from the installation before they are released into the atmosphere, the installation can be equipped with a dust and (or) gas cleaning device 22, which is connected by means of a pipeline 17 with the outlet pipes 19 or 20 of the exhaust hoods 18 and with an exhaust fan 23. If necessary, regulating the rate of the exhaust gases from the installation in the pipeline 17 can be installed devices-regulators of parameters of the gas flow 24 (Fig. 1).

Bubblers can be made with one branch pipe 11 for supplying gases through it deep into the vibrating layer of the material, for example, in the version of bubblers 9 and 10 (Fig. 1), or with several branch pipes 11, for example, in the version of bubbler 7 and 8. Also bubblers for supplying them gas can be equipped with simple inlet nozzles 25, or nozzles 26 made with the possibility of adjusting the parameters of the gas flow entering the bubbler. In this case, any of the bubblers may contain one or more inlet nozzles 25 or 26, as shown in FIG. 1, for example, in the execution of a bubbler 7. A bubbler containing several inlet nozzles 25 or 26 and several outlet nozzles 11, for example a bubbler 7 (Fig. 1), can be equipped with a partition 27 to divide the inner cavity of the bubbler into compartments in order to be able to separate the flow gases in each branch pipe 11 of the outlet openings of the bubbler 7. In the bubbler 8 (Fig. 1), containing two branch pipes 11 for exhausting gases from the bubbler in order to be able to separately regulate the parameters of each gas flow introduced into the vibro-layer material, one of its branch pipes is equipped with an individual inlet nozzle 26 made with the possibility of regulating the parameters of the gas flow entering it from the bubbler.

The shape of the shear contour of the walls of each outlet nozzle 11 of the bubbler should preferably be adapted to the shape of the load-carrying surface 4 of the chute of the vibrating tray 1 to ensure uniform gas supply to the vibro-transported layer of material through the gap formed by the contour of the shear of the walls of the outlet of the bubbler and the load-carrying surface of the vibrating chute. In this case, the cross-section of the branch pipe 11 of the outlet of the bubbler can have a round, oval or polygonal shape (Fig. 5), or have a different shape adapted to the shape of the chute of the vibrating tray 1.

The bubbler can be made with the possibility of introducing into it or into the branch pipe of its outlet of granular, liquid, gaseous or other media, including with the regulation of the parameters of these media (temperature, rate of supply of these media, concentration of impurities in them, composition of gases, etc. . properties of these media), including the possibility of automatic regulation. One of the possible design variants of such a bubbler is shown in FIG. 1, where the bubbler 9 is made with a device for introducing various media 28 into the branch pipe 11 of the outlet of the bubbler, which can be equipped with a device for regulating 29 parameters of the injected medium flow (Fig. 3). When liquid or gaseous media, including those containing fine particles, such as dust, are fed into the bubbler or its outlet branch pipe, the device for introducing such media is preferably made in the form of a nozzle that atomizes these media in the gas stream entering the bubbler from the main supply means gas 13.

In addition, the bubbler can be made in the form of a submersible burner 30, the outlet branch pipe 11 of which is immersed in a layer of vibro-transported material with the formation of a gap "E <h" between the edge 12 of the cut of the walls of the aforementioned hole and the load-carrying surface 4 of the chute of the vibrating tray 1. In this case, the combustion flame or a part of it can come out of the opening of the pipe 11 in the vibro-layer of granular material with the possibility of burning fuel directly into the vibro-layer of the material. Such a submersible burner can be configured to control the fuel consumption, air supplied for its combustion, and its combustion modes.

Alternative embodiments of the bubblers are shown in FIG. 6, 7, 8 and 9, which show the designs of bubblers with branch pipes of their outlet openings, made in the form of caps, installed above the load-carrying surface of the vibrating tray.

FIG. 6 and 7 show a bubbler containing an inlet 31 made in the load-carrying vibrating surface 4 of a vibrating tray 1 and an outlet branch pipe made in the form of a cap 32 mounted on the posts 33 above the aforementioned hole 31 with the formation of a gap "E" between the load-carrying surface and the edge 12 of the cut of the walls of the cap 32 of no more than the height of the part of the layer of material "h" located above the mentioned cut edge of the walls of the cap 32.

FIG. 8 (section E-E) shows another possible version of the bubbler, containing in the load-carrying vibrating surface 4 a vibrating tray 1 inlet, which serves to supply gas to the bubbler, made in the form of an inlet pipe 34 rigidly fixed in the vibrating load-carrying surface 4 of the vibrating tray 1, the walls of which protrude above the said surface 4. In this case, the branch pipe of the outlet of the bubbler, made in the form of a cap 35, is rigidly attached by means of struts 33 to the load-carrying surface 4 of the trough, the vibrating tray 1 with the formation of a gap "E" between the load-carrying surface 4 and the edge 12 of the cut of the walls of the cap 35 of size not more than the height of the part of the layer of material "h" located above the said edge of the cut of the walls of the cap 35, as shown in FIG. eight.

Another possible embodiment of the bubbler is shown in FIG. 9 (section Zh-Zh), where the inlet pipe 36 of the bubbler is installed in the opening of the load-carrying surface with a gap that prevents the transmission of vibration to it from the load-carrying surface 4 vibrating tray 1. The branch pipe of the outlet of the bubbler, made in the form of a cap 37, can be fixed by means of racks 38 on the walls of the inlet pipe 36 as shown in FIG. 9, and the gap between the walls of the said inlet pipe 36 and the vibrating load-bearing surface 4 can be closed by a flexible insert 39 to prevent suction through this gap or clogging it with grains of material.

The construction shown in FIG. 6, 7, 8 and 9 of the inlet 31 and the inlet nozzles 34, 36 and the nozzles of the outlet openings of the bubblers made in the form of caps 32, 35 and 37, as well as their relative position and the location of the said hole 31 should be performed taking into account the provision of a sufficient the pressure of the gas flow at its outlet from under the caps 32, 35 and 37, which makes it possible to form a pneumatic seal preventing the passage of material grains into the gap "E". In this case, it is preferable that the cut edges of the inlet openings of the nozzles 34 and 37 were located above the cut edges of the outlet nozzles of the bubblers, made in the form of caps 35 and 37, by a certain amount "e" shown in FIG. 8 and 9.

Possible designs of bubblers and, in general, a device for processing granular materials in a vibrobarbated layer are not limited to the above options for their execution, which are shown here solely in order to emphasize the main distinctive feature of the device of the present invention, which consists in the fact that the walls of the nozzle forming the outlet for gas outlet from the bubbler, immersed in the vibrotransportable layer of granular material with the formation of a gap between the continuous load-carrying vibrating surface and the cut edge of the walls of the outlet nozzle of the bubbler no more than the height of the part of the material layer located above the said cut edge.

The implementation of the claimed method is carried out using a device for continuous processing of granular materials.

The initial granular material through the material input means 5 (Fig. 1), located at the beginning of the chute, the vibrating tray 1 of the installation (on the left in Fig. 1), is fed to the vibrating load-carrying surface 4 of the vibrating tray 1, the vibrations of which are communicated by the vibrator 3 with parameters that ensure the transportation of the material layer along the load-carrying surface 4 along the chute of the vibrating tray 1 with subsequent unloading of material from the installation through the material release means 6. The height of the material layer moving along the load-carrying surface 4 can be controlled by changing the rate of material feeding through the material input means 5, or by changing the vibration parameters the load-bearing surface 4 and the position of the shutter of the material discharge means 6. In addition, the transported material layer provides for the possibility to additionally introduce the same or a different material through the material introduction means 5 located anywhere along the length of the chute of the vibrating tray 1, for example, in the middle part installation length. It is also possible to introduce various media, including granular material, into the transported layer through a bubbler or its outlet by means of a device for introducing various media 28.

In the process of vibratory transportation of a layer of granular material, it is subjected to aerodynamic action of a gas flow. Gas, for example, under pressure created by fan 14, through the supply means 13 is fed first into the air duct 17, and then into the bubbler 9 through the inlet 25 or the inlet 26, after which it is introduced deep into the layer of granular material through the gap "E" formed by the continuous load-carrying vibrating surface 4 and the cut edge of the walls of the outlet pipe 11 of the bubbler, not exceeding the height of the part of the material layer located above the edge of the cut of the walls of the outlet pipe of the said bubbler. The regulation of various parameters of the gas flow, for example, pressure, pulsation parameters, gas flow rate, temperature and other parameters can be carried out both in the pipeline 17 using means 15 and directly at the inlet of the bubbler in its inlet pipe 26. In addition, when equipping the installation by several bubblers connected to one gas flow supply means 13, the corresponding distribution of gas flows to the bubblers is carried out through the manifold 16, which can also be equipped with means for regulating the parameters of the gas flow 15 both at the gas inlet to the manifold and at the outlet from its outlet pipes ...

The use of bubblers to inject gas into the vibrolayer of the material through the gap "E≤h" allows the vibrolayer of the granular material to be brought into an aero vibro-fluidized state with a uniform distribution of the gaseous medium in it and thereby provide a developed contact surface of the material particles with the technological processes carried out in a vibro-fluidized bed.

After bubbling the bed of granular material, the waste exhaust gases are removed from the device. Gases are removed from the material layer and as a whole from the device through the gas outlet 18, pass through its outlet 19 or 20 and through the pipeline 17 and enter the dust and (or) gas cleaning device 22, where they are cleaned, after which they are thrown into atmosphere.

The use of a gas exhaust hood 18 in the design of the device makes it possible to carry out the aerodynamic mode of operation of the installation as under pressure by supplying gas with a blower fan 14 to the gas flow supply means 13 and then to the bubbler and the vibrolayer of material with further removal of the gas material outgoing from the vibration layer from the gas exhaust hood 18 of the installation with an ejection gases into the atmosphere, and under vacuum without the use of a blower fan 14. In this case, the exhaust gases from the exhaust hood 18 of the installation are carried out exclusively with the help of an exhaust fan 23, which provides a sufficient vacuum in the gas exhaust path of the pipeline 17, causing a forced draft of the gas flow, followed by emission of gases cleaned in the dust and (or) gas cleaning device 22 into the atmosphere. The device can also operate in a combined aerodynamic mode, when the aerodynamic resistance of the gas flow supply means 13 is overcome by the blowing fan 14, and the entire further path of the gas flow through the installation, including its release into the atmosphere, is carried out due to the thrust developed by the exhaust fan 23.

As noted earlier, the proposed method and device for processing granular materials in a vibro-sparged layer can be effectively used both for heat and (or) mass transfer processes, and for mechanical processes carried out in an aero-vibrated bed.

The operation of a continuous device for processing granular materials in a vibro-bubbly bed for carrying out heat and mass transfer processes, such as drying, defrosting, heating, cooling, firing granular materials and other similar processes, will be described in the following example.

Suppose that the technology provides for a product in the form of a dry three-component mixture, consisting of granules with grains ranging in size from 3 to 5 mm (material No. 1), fine-grained bulk material with particle sizes from 0.5 to 3 mm (material No. 2) and powder with particles ranging in size from OD to 0.6 mm (material No. 3). In this case, materials No. 1 and No. 2 must be fired by convective heating to 800 ° C, and the final product (3-component mixture) must have a temperature of no more than 60 ° C.

The components received for recycling have the following initial characteristics:

- granules of material No. 1 have a negative temperature and contain moisture in the granules in a frozen state;

- fine-grained material (material No. 2) has a temperature of 20 ° C and contains internal moisture up to 3%;

- powder (material No. 3) does not contain moisture, has a temperature of 20 ° C and does not allow heating over 200 ° C.

The technological process is carried out by processing the material by carrying out technological operations in the following sequence: Stage 1 - defrosting with partial drying of material No. 1; Stage 2 - final drying of material No. 1 (granules) with heating to 250 ° C to remove internal moisture contained in the granules; Stage 3 - mixing material No. 1 with material No. 2 with simultaneous drying of material No. 2 with heating the 2-component mixture to 300 ° C; Stage 4 - firing a 2-component mixture when heating the material to a temperature of 800 ° C; Stage 5 - two-stage cooling of the fired mixture of materials No. 1 and No. 2: at the first stage - intensive cooling of the mixture of materials to 300 ° С, at the second stage - slow cooling to 200 ° С; Stage 6 - mixing a 2-component fired mixture with powder material No. 3; Stage 7 - cooling of the 3-component mixture.

To carry out the specified technological process, an installation with the design shown in FIG. 1, the operation of which is described below.

At the first stage of the process, the initial granular material (material No. 1) through the material input means 5, located at the beginning of the chute, the vibratory chute 1 (on the left in Fig. 1) is continuously fed at a certain rate to the vibrating load-carrying surface 4 of the chute, the vibratory chute 1 and under the action of rectilinear vibrations directed at an angle to the load-carrying surface 4, generated by the vibrator 3, the layer of granules moves from left to right along the vibrating load-carrying surface 4 along the chute of the vibrating tray 1. Simultaneously with the start of transportation of the material along the chute from the gas flow supply means 13 through the pipeline 17 and the collector 16 is heated up to 800 ° C gas or air into the inlet pipe 26 of the bubbler 7, which then enters deep into the vibrating layer of granules through the gap "E" from the outlet of the said first pipe 11 in the direction of movement of the material, installed above the load-carrying surface 4, as shown in FIG. 1.

In this example, the inlet pipe 26 is configured to regulate the rate of supply of the gas flow entering the bubbler in order to ensure the maximum possible rate of gas supply to the vibro-layer, with the limitation of the upper limit of the rate of gas supply to the vibro-layer material by the condition of preventing the removal of small grains from the layer by the gas flow contained in material No. 1. The flow of hot gas, leaving the outlet of the branch pipe 11, through the gap "E", bubbling a vibro-layer of granular material and together with the vibration effect brings it into an aerovibro-fluidized state. This state of the layer provides intensive mixing of material particles in the layer and favorable conditions for intensive interaction of particles with a gas medium, and, as a result, efficient heat and mass transfer processes, as a result of which material No. 1 is defrosted, heated to 80-100 ° C and partially dried.

At the second stage of the technological process, partially narrowed granules (material No. 1) are heated to a higher temperature, for example, up to 250 ° C, at which moisture is completely removed from the granules, including internal moisture, i.e. the final drying of the granules is performed.

This process is carried out during the period when the layer of granules, moving further along the vibrating tray 1, enters the zone where the branch pipe 11 of the outlet of the said bubbler 7, right relative to the dividing wall 27, is immersed in its layer. Hot gases with a temperature of up to 800 are similar to the described drying process. ° C, coming from the supply means 13 through the manifold 16 and the inlet pipe 26 of the right compartment of the bubbler 7, through the corresponding pipe 11 are also introduced into the depth of the vibrating layer of material through the gap "E", bubble it and heat the dried material No. 1 to a temperature of 250 ° C. At the same time, due to the fact that the aerodynamic resistance of the layer of material No. 1, which is frozen and wet at the first stage of processing, is slightly higher than the resistance of the layer of dried material during its processing at the second stage, the aerodynamic regime of gas bubbling through the vibratory layer at the second stage of processing, respectively must be lowered to prevent the carryover of small grains from the material layer. The required aerodynamic mode of gas bubbling through the vibrolayer at the mentioned second stage of the technological process of processing material No. 1 is maintained using the regulating device of the branch pipe 26.

At the third stage of the technological process, material No. 1 is mixed with material No. 2 with the simultaneous removal of internal moisture from material No. 2 by heating it to 300 ° C, to which the formed 2-component mixture is also heated.

This process is carried out during the period when the layer of material No. 1, moved by the load-bearing surface 4 of the chute of the vibrating tray 1, reaches the branch pipe 11 of the outlet of the bubbler 9. During this period, bulk material No. 2 is fed through the device for introducing material 28 into the branch pipe 11 of the bubbler 9. Before feeding the material No. 2, hot gas is introduced into the bubbler 9, entering the inlet pipe 26 of the bubbler 9 from the manifold 16. The material No. 2, together with hot gases from the pipe 11 of the bubbler 9, evenly enters the vibrating layer of material No. 1 and under the influence of vibration and gas flow intensively mixed in the aero-vibro-fluidized layer, forming a homogeneous 2-component mixture as the layer of such material moves along the vibrating load-carrying surface 4 of the vibrating tray 1. At the same time, material No. 2 is simultaneously dried with heating of the 2-component mixture to 300 ° C.

At the fourth stage of the process, the dried and heated 2-component mixture of materials enters the zone where the branch pipe And the outlet of the bubbler 30, made in the form of a submersible burner, is immersed in its layer. The flue gases generated by the burner 30 with a temperature of up to 1000 ÷ 1200 ° C, resulting from the combustion of fuel, for example, natural gas, mixed with atmospheric air, through the pipe 11 enter the vibro-layer of the material and bubble it, heating the layer to 800 ° C. Thus, the process of firing a 2-component mixture of materials is carried out.

At the fifth stage of the technological process, a two-stage cooling of the fired mixture of materials No. 1 and No. 2 is performed.

At the first stage, a layer of a 2-component mixture of granular materials enters the zone where the branch pipe 11 of the outlet of the left compartment of the bubbler 8 is immersed in it. During this period, to cool the material, it receives gas with a temperature of 20 ° C, which is fed into the inlet pipe 25 the bubbler 8 from the gas supply device 13 through the pipeline 17. In this case, the regulation of the rate of supply of gas streams entering the branch pipes 11 of the bubbler 8 is carried out separately through the use of means for regulating the gas supply rate 15 and the regulating device of the branch pipe 26. Gas flow from the left branch pipe 11 a bubbler 8 with a higher rate of its supply compared to the gas flow in the right branch pipe 11 of the said bubbler is fed deep into the layer of vibro-transported material, bubbling it and thereby carrying out intensive cooling of the 2-component mixture of materials to 300 ° C.

At the second stage, the transported layer of the 2-component mixture of materials enters the zone of the right branch pipe 11 of the outlet of the bubbler 8. Here, a gas flow with a temperature of 20 ° C is supplied to the material layer from the specified branch pipe 11 with a lower rate of its supply compared to the gas flow in the right branch pipe 11 of the bubbler 8, as specified by the aforementioned conditions of the technological process carried out in step 5. In this case, a layer of a 2-component mixture of materials is bubbled with cold air and it is slowly cooled to 200 ° C.

The exhaust gases from the layer at each of the described five stages of the technological process enter the space under the gas exhaust umbrella 18, installed above the surface of the vibro-sparged layer of material, from which they are removed from the installation through the outlet 20, entering the dust and gas cleaning device 22 through the pipeline 17, and are thrown out into the atmosphere by means of a fan 23, which provides the necessary thrust for the gas flow to pass through the vibro-layer from the branch pipes 11 of the outlet openings of the bubblers to its discharge into the atmosphere. Overcoming the aerodynamic resistance to the passage of the gas flow through the gas path from the gas flow supply means 13 to the said branch pipes 11 is provided by the blowing fan 14.

At the sixth stage of the technological process, a 2-component mixture of materials cooled to 200 ° C is transported by a vibrating tray 1 to the zone of the nozzle of the material input means 5. During this period, powder material No. 3 with a temperature of 20 ° is continuously loaded into the vibro-layer material through the nozzle of the said device at a predetermined rate C, which under the influence of vibrations of the load-carrying surface 4 is transported and mixed in the vibro-fluidized layer, forming a homogeneous 3-component mixture.

At the seventh stage of the process, the transported 3-component mixture of materials reaches the zone where the branch pipe 11 of the outlet of the bubbler 10 is immersed in its layer. Here, to cool the mixture of materials, gas with a temperature of 20 ° C enters it, which is fed into the inlet branch 25 of the bubbler 10. The gas flow from the mentioned branch pipe 11 bubbling the vibro-layer of the material, thereby providing cooling of the 3-component mixture of materials to 60 ° C. In this case, the rate of supply of the gas flow entering the branch pipe I of the bubbler 8 is kept low enough to prevent the removal of light powdery material from the bubbling 3-component mixture.

The gases leaving the layer at the specified seventh stage of the process enter the space under the gas exhaust umbrella 18 installed above the surface of the vibro-sparged layer of material, from which they are removed from the installation to the atmosphere through the outlet pipe 19, passing the pipeline 17 and the dust and gas cleaning device 22, using the exhaust fan 23 The entire gas path of the passage of gas from the inlet 25 to the exhaust fan 23 operates under vacuum generated by the said fan 23, and the air flow rate is controlled by the gas flow parameter 24.

After completing all technological operations, the finished product (cooled 3-component mixture) is continuously unloaded from the installation through the material outlet 6.

The exhaust gases from the layer at the specified seventh stage of the process enter the space under the gas exhaust umbrella 18, installed above the surface of the vibro-sparged layer of material, from which they are removed from the installation through the outlet pipe 19, flowing through the pipeline 17 into the dust collection device (cyclone) 22, and are thrown out to the atmosphere by means of a fan 23.

Note that, in reality, the embodiment of the plant shown in FIG. 1, it is more expedient to perform from several separate units (installations), each of which is intended for the sequential implementation of separate, for example, two technological processes (stages) of processing granular materials in a vibrobarbated layer, for example, operations of defrosting and heating, drying and firing, etc.

Below we will describe the operation of a continuous device for processing granular materials in a vibro-sparged layer for performing mechanical processes, for example, mixing, dedusting crushed stone, sand and other granular materials, cleaning gases by filtering through a layer of granular material.

When using a continuous device for mixing inhomogeneous granular materials in a vibration-sparged layer, the principle of operation of a device for processing granular materials is similar to the implementation of the mixing process effectively carried out in a vibrating-boiling layer with air blowing through a vibrating grate and a layer of material located on it [7]. A distinctive feature of the processing of materials is that the material is fed not to the grate, but to a solid load-carrying vibrating surface 4 (Fig. 1), along which the material layer is transported along the chute of the vibrating tray 1 and is blown by the air flow entering deep into the vibrating layer through the gap "E" formed by a solid load-carrying vibrating surface 4 and the edge of the cut 12 of the walls of the outlet pipe 11 of the bubbler, not exceeding the height of the part of the material layer located above the edge of the cut of the walls of the outlet pipe of the said bubbler

To mix the inhomogeneous granular material in the vibro-bubbling layer, a simplified installation can be used, made with one bubbler, structurally similar to the bubbler 10 (Fig. 1) and placed along the entire length of the chute a vibrating tray 1, at the ends of which there are means for introducing heterogeneous material 5 and releasing the mixed material 6 with a load-bearing vibrating surface 4. Above the chute of the vibrating tray 1 and the bubbler 10 is a gas outlet 18 with a simple outlet 19.

The operation of the above installation is carried out as follows. With the help of the material input means 5, heterogeneous or several types of materials are fed to the vibrating load-bearing surface 4 of the vibrating chute 1 of the installation and transported along the said vibrating chute with simultaneous blowing of the vibro-layer with a stream of air or other gas entering through the said gap "B", thereby forming an aerovibro-fluidized layer, c which is intensive mixing of transported granular materials. After the end of the mixing process, the material is discharged from the installation using the material discharge means 6. The air flow into the bubbler 10 is carried out through a simple inlet pipe 25, which, passing through the bubbler 10, the pipe of its outlet 11 and the vibrating transported layer of granular materials, is removed from the installation along the exhaust gas discharge path (gas outlet 18 - outlet 19 - air duct 17 - dust and gas cleaning device 22-regulator of gas flow parameters 24) using an exhaust fan 23 (Fig. 1). The aerodynamic mode of operation of the installation is carried out under a vacuum created by an exhaust fan 23, which provides sufficient vacuum to create a forced draft of the air flow as it passes through the path from the place of its entry into the inlet pipe 25 of the bubbler to release into the atmosphere.

In the case of using a continuous device for dedusting granular materials, for example, such as crushed stone or sand in a vibrobubbled layer, the principle of operation of the device for processing granular materials is similar to the process of cleaning sandy materials from dust by blowing a layer of material located on a vibrating grate from the bottom up with air, with using a vibration cleaner for sandy materials [8]. A distinctive feature of the material processing process is that with the help of the material input means 5, the material layer is fed not onto the grate, but onto the continuous load-carrying vibrating surface 4 (Fig. 1), along which the material layer is transported along the chute of the vibrating chute 1 and is blown by the air flow entering deep into the vibrating layer through the gap "B" formed by the continuous load-carrying vibrating surface 4 and the cut edge 12 of the walls of the nozzle 11 of the outlet of the bubbler, no more than the height of the part of the layer of material located above the edge of the cut of the walls of the nozzle of the outlet of the said bubbler. to the chute of the vibrating tray 1 and exposure to it by the air flow, the material is effectively dedusted in the vibro-bubbly layer. In this case, the flow rate of the gas leaving the branch pipe And the outlet of the bubbler is assigned sufficient to ensure the removal of dust particles from the dedusting material

The principle of operation of the device for dedusting granular media in the vibrobubble layer is carried out similarly to the operation of the above-described installation of a simplified design used for mixing granular materials.

When using an installation with a vibro-bubbly bed for cleaning dusty gas streams, the principle of operation of a device for processing granular materials is similar to the implementation of the process of dust deposition in a granular layer of wet material when a dust-containing gas stream passes through it, used, for example, in scrubbers with a nozzle made of a granular wet material through which it is blown dusty gas with smaller particles [9]. A distinctive feature of the operation of the installation for processing materials is that with the help of the material input means 5, the layer of moistened material is fed not to the grate, but to the continuous fuson-carrying vibrating surface 4 (Fig. 1), along which the material layer is transported along the chute of the vibrating tray 1 and is blown by the flow dusty gas entering deep into the vibrating layer through the gap "E" formed by the continuous load-carrying vibrating surface 4 and the cut edge 12 of the walls of the outlet pipe 11 of the bubbler, no more than the height of the part of the material layer located above the cut edge of the walls of the outlet pipe of the said bubbler.

In the process of passing dusty gases with a relatively low air flow rate through the vibration-transported layer of wet granular materials, fine dust particles are deposited in the layer on the wet surface of its grains, after which the contaminated granular material is discharged from the installation.

The principle of operation of the device for cleaning dusty gas streams in a vibro-bubbly layer is carried out similarly to the operation of the above-described installation of a simplified design used for mixing granular materials or for dedusting them, except that dusty air or other dust-containing gas enters the inlet pipe 25 of the bubbler 10 instead of atmospheric air ...

Note that it is possible to increase the efficiency of cleaning gas streams from dust of the above-described installation of a simplified design if the bubbler 10 is made similar to the design of the bubbler 9 with one or more devices for introducing liquid media 28 with their spraying in the dusty gas stream passing through the bubbler. This ensures the coagulation of fine dust with droplets of dispersed liquid and thereby increases the efficiency of deposition of the formed conglomerates of humidified dust from the gas flow into the vibratory layer.

We also note that, similar to the above-described principle of operation of the installation for dust cleaning of gases of a simplified design, using the bubbler 10, chemical cleaning of gases can be carried out. In this case, a gas containing chemical impurities, for example, with a low content of SO ₂ impurities, is supplied to the inlet pipe 25 of the bubbler 10 of said installation, and granular material moistened, for example, with milk of lime, is supplied to the material input means 5. Further passage of the gas through the gap "E" and the vibro-transported layer of the material preliminarily moistened with a chemical reagent and its removal from the installation is carried out similarly to the process described above for the operation of the installation for dust cleaning of gases. When a chemically contaminated gas, for example, with an SO ₂ impurity content, passes through a vibrolayer of granular material, the grains of which are moistened, for example, with calcium oxide hydrate, a chemical gas purification occurs, in this case, proceeding as a result of the reaction of SO ₂ with calcium oxide hydrate (Ca (OH) ₂ ), similarly to the process of cleaning gas containing SO ₂ described in [9].

It should be noted that the process of chemical cleaning of gases can be combined with the process of dust cleaning.

Conducted tests of a prototype installation for drying quartz sand in a vibration-sparged layer with a capacity of up to 15 t / h, structurally made similar to a simplified installation using a single bubbler 10 (Fig. 1), the device of which is described in the above examples of mechanical processes for processing granular materials in a vibro-sparged layer, showed high efficiency and operational reliability of its operation in the drying mode when flue gases are fed from a heat generator with a temperature of up to 1000 ° C to inlet nozzle 25 of bubbler 10 and then through a gap of E = 40 mm in a sand vibratory layer 150-200 mm high. During the operation of the installation, the heating of the continuous load-carrying surface 4 of the trough of the vibrating tray 1 did not exceed the heating temperature of the material layer, which in the zone of material exit from the installation did not exceed 90-100 ° C with complete drying of the sand. The temperature of the gases leaving the vibro-layer along the entire length of the load-carrying surface of the trough of the vibrating tray differed from the temperature of the material in the layer by no more than 1-2 ° C, which indicates the complete absorption of heat by the material from the flue gases entering through the gap "E" deep into the vibrational layer of sand, and confirms the high efficiency of the heat and mass transfer processes carried out in the vibrobubble layer.

Also, tests were carried out on 2 prototypes of different design for cooling dry building sand with a temperature of 90-100 ° C with its simultaneous dedusting in a vibro-sparged layer with a capacity of 10 to 15 t / h. The design of one of the installations, as well as the above-described pilot installation for drying quartz sand, was made according to a simplified scheme using one bubbler 10, into the inlet pipe 25 of which an air flow with a temperature of 18-20 ° C entered. Another pilot plant for cooling and dust removal of sand was structurally made according to the scheme shown in Fig. 6 using the one shown in FIG. 7 bubbler 32, which also received air with a temperature of 18-20 ° C. The aerodynamic mode of supplying the air flow into the vibratory layer through the gap "E" in each installation ensured the velocity of the exhaust gases at the exit from the layer at the level of 0.6-0.8 m / s, which ensured the removal of more than 90% of the dust particles contained in the initial sand with a size less than 0.15-0.16 mm and sand cooling to 40-60 ° C. The conducted tests of pilot plants for the implementation of the processes of cooling and dust removal of sand in a vibration-sparged layer showed high efficiency and operational reliability of their work.

SOURCES OF INFORMATION

1. RF, patent No. 2175426: IPC F26B 3/10, F26B 3/092, Appl. 02.25.2000, publ. October 27, 2001.

2. USSR, copyright certificate No. 412450: IPC F26B 3/092, F26B 17/24, Appl. 10/27/1971, publ. 01/25/1974.

3. Latypov R.Sh., Sharafiev R.G. Technical thermodynamics and energy technology of chemical production. Moscow: Energoatomizdat, 1998, 344 p.

4. USSR, copyright certificate No. 937893: IPC F23G 7/04, Appl. 08/11/1980, publ. 06/23/1982.

5. RF, patent No. 2284847: IPC B01D 47/02, B01D 53/18, Appl. March 21, 2005, publ. 10.10.2006.

6. RF, patent No. 2166712: IPC F26B 3/092, F26B 3/08, A23L 3/50, Appl. 09/05/1996, publ. 05/10/2001. - prototype.

7. Chlenov VA, Mikhailov NV Drying bulk materials in a vibro-boiling layer. Moscow: Stroyizdat, 1967, 224 p.

8. Guidelines for the beneficiation of crushing screenings and various-strength stone materials. Moscow: SoyuzDorNII, 1992, 98 p.

9. Gordon G.M., Peisakhov I.L. Dust collection and gas cleaning in nonferrous metallurgy. Moscow: Metallurgy, 1977, 456 p.

Claims (8)

1. A method of processing granular materials in a vibro-bubbling layer, which consists in the fact that the granular material is fed into the installation through the material input means onto the upper, essentially carrying, surface of the conveyor, which vibrates and transports the vibrating-boiling layer of granular material by this vibrating surface in the direction of the output means for discharge, essentially unloading, of material from the vibrating load-carrying surface and from the installation as a whole, while the particles of the vibrating layer in the process of vibrating transport are exposed to a stream or several streams of gas, which can be heated, pulsating and with regulation of the gas temperature, gas flow rate parameters of its pulsation, characterized in that the effect of the gas flow on the particles of the vibrating layer of the material is carried out by bubbling it through the vibrating layer of the material by supplying gas deep into the vibrating layer of the material through the gap formed by the continuous load-carrying vibrating the surface and the cut edge of the walls of the outlet branch pipe of the bubbler, not exceeding the height of the part of the material layer located above the edge of the cut edge of the walls of the outlet branch pipe of the said bubbler. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the gas flow in the vibro-layer of the material is fed through at least one branch pipe of the outlet of the bubbler, and each gas flow may differ in aerodynamic parameters, temperature, as well as its properties, including gas composition and the content of mechanical impurities in the gas in the form of finely dispersed solid particles or liquid drops sprayed in it, with the possibility of adjusting the properties and parameters of the gas flow. 3. A method according to any one of claims. 1, 2, characterized in that one or more types of granular materials differing in properties are initially supplied to the carrying vibrating surface and these materials are processed, including mixing their components by vibrating and bubbling the material layer with gas, after which one or more several types of materials differing in properties and carry out their further processing, including mixing all components by vibrating and bubbling the material layer with gas, if necessary, changing the vibration mode of the layer, the aerodynamic mode of its bubbling and gas properties from the initial parameters of the material processing process, and then repeat such actions until the required properties of the multicomponent mixture of material obtained in this way are ensured, after which it is unloaded from the installation, while the process of processing granular materials can be carried out both periodically and continuously m. 4. A method according to any one of claims. 1-3, characterized in that one or more types of materials differing in properties, including in the form of atomized fine solid particles or liquid, are fed into the gas flow passing through the inner space of the bubbler or the branch pipe of its outlet, with the possibility of adjusting the rate of their supply ... 5. The method according to any one of claims. 1-4, characterized in that the vibrations of the load-carrying surface can be harmonic, non-harmonic, have a rectilinear, circular, elliptical or other trajectory of vibrations, and the load-carrying vibrating surface can be located horizontally or at an angle to the horizon, with the possibility of adjusting the above parameters. 6. A device for processing granular materials in a vibro-bubbly layer containing a conveyor made with a vibrator in the form of a vibrating table or vibrating tray, means for introducing material onto the upper, essentially load-bearing, vibrating surface of the conveyor, outlet means for releasing material from a vibrating load-carrying surface and, in general, from devices, at least one gas supply means, made with the possibility of affecting the particles of the vibration-transported layer with one or more gas flows, including in a pulsating mode, and with the possibility of regulating the gas flow rate, parameters of its pulsation and gas temperature, control valves, pipelines and a collector, characterized in that at least one bubbler is connected to the gas supply means, made with at least one branch pipe of its outlet, the walls of which are immersed in the vibrotransportable layer of granular material with the formation of a gap between the continuous load-carrying vibrating surface the height and the edge of the cut of the walls of the outlet of the bubbler outlet no more than the height of the part of the layer of material located above the said cut edge. 7. The device according to claim. 6, characterized in that the shortest distance between the edges of the cutoffs of the walls of the adjacent branch pipes of the outlet openings of the bubblers preferably does not exceed the double height of the part of the vibrating layer of the material located above the edges of the cut of the walls of the said pipes. 8. Device according to any one of paragraphs. 6, 7, characterized in that the shortest distance from each of the sides of the vibrating tray or vibrating table to the cut edge of the walls of the closest branch pipe of the outlet of the bubbler preferably does not exceed the height of the part of the vibrating layer of material located above the edge of the cut of the walls of the said branch pipes.

Images