RU2736698C1 - Method of unsighted horizontal instrumental survey of sublevels using an electronic tacheometer - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: invention is intended for mining industry, and relates to method for production of unsighted horizontal instrumental survey of sublevels. At the stage of preparation, in the cross-section of the connecting hole on the main horizon at the point with known coordinates the electrooptical tacheometer is installed, and on the oriented horizon at least three semitransparent screens are installed. At the measurement stage, the beam of the laser target designator of the electrooptical tacheometer is directed onto semitransparent screens, where light traces are formed. Centers of light traces are fixed with a marker as a point of sight. Coordinates of the light traces are determined using an electrooptical tacheometer in the reflector-free mode using the polar polarization technique. Electrooptical tacheometer is transferred to an orientable horizon, where the coordinates of its standing point are determined using a reverse resection technique by referencing the sighting points. Obtained coordinates are used to determine the coordinates of the points and the direction angles of the sides of the surveying geodetic control on the oriented horizon.

EFFECT: high accuracy of centering and abutting operation, as well as fewer preparatory operations for survey.

1 cl, 1 tbl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention is intended for the mining industry, and relates to methods for the production of plumb horizontal connecting surveys of sublevel workings, consisting of solving the problems of centering and orientation using an electro-optical tacheometer with a laser designator.

The known method of horizontal orientation-connecting survey through vertical or steeply inclined mine workings (D.N. Ogloblin Mine surveying in underground mining, part III, Orientation of underground survey. - M .: Metallurgizdat, 1953. - 264 S.) using plumb lines lowered from the sublevel horizon to the main (already oriented) horizon through one or two connecting workings. The order of work on the horizons corresponds, in the first case, to the technique of the connecting triangle, in the second - to the technique of orientation-connecting survey through two vertical shafts.

The disadvantages of this method include a large amount of preparatory work for the installation of equipment and overlapping shelves, the dependence of the projection accuracy on mine conditions (swing of plumb bobs from the effects of air and dripping), significant time spent on work.

There is a known method of horizontal orientation-connecting survey through half-inclined mine workings by laying a polygonometric course (Mine surveyor's guide: in 3 hours Part II. - M .: Publishing house "Mining" LLC "Kimiri Center", 2015. - 432 p.), part of the tops of which are fixed, if possible, at the junctions of the connecting and sublevel workings. In cases where end-to-end sighting to the floor from one device installation is impossible, special shelves are reinforced for individual points of the course. Polygon traverse measures horizontal angles, slope angles, and side lengths.

The disadvantages of this method include a large amount of preparatory work for the installation of shelves and devices in an inclined connecting mine, significant angles of inclination when sighting forward and backward along the course to measure horizontal angles, which leads to a decrease in the measurement accuracy, significant time spent on the production of work.

There is a known method of orientation-connecting survey of sublevel horizons through inclined connecting workings using a non-free cord or wire plumb bob (Mine Surveyor's Handbook: in 3 hours Part II. - M .: Publishing house "Mining" LLC "Kimirian Center", 2015. - 432 s.). In which, first, from the points of the reference mine surveying justification, the plan coordinates of the plumb line are determined on the main horizon, and then the geometrical binding of the points of the survey justification is performed on the horizon of the sublevel workings.

The disadvantages of this method include a large number of preparatory operations for placing a plumb line between the horizons, as well as a significant effect of the air jet on the oscillation of the plumb line, which increases the time required to solve design problems and georeferencing on the horizons of work.

A known method of centering sublevel mine workings using a laser plummet (Begichev S.N. Laser centering when orienting underground mine surveying support networks: abstract dis. ... candidate of technical sciences: 05.15.01, St. Petersburg, 1992, 19 S.). According to the method under consideration, first, on the main horizon, from the points of the reference mine surveying justification, the plan coordinates of the vertical line of sight of the laser plummet are determined, and then the geometrical binding of the points of the survey justification is performed on the horizon of the sublevel workings.

The disadvantages of this method include the possibility of its application for conducting orientation-connecting survey only through two vertical or steeply inclined connecting workings in conditions of direct vertical visibility between horizons.

The known method of horizontal connecting survey through inclined mine workings by the method of leading points using a theodolite with an ocular prism (D.N. Ogloblin Mine surveying in underground mining, part III, Orientation of underground survey. - M .: Metallurgizdat, 1953. - 264 p. ). The essence of the method lies in the fact that a plumb line is lowered on the oriented horizon under the survey point, located at the interface between the sublevel and connecting workings. This plumb line is observed in the theodolite pipe installed on the main (lower) horizon through an eyepiece prism. After measuring the horizontal angle on the main horizon, in the alignment of the line between the point of the theodolite and the point with a plumb line on the sublevel, an additional point is created in the connecting working and a plumb line is hung on it. When installing the theodolite under the survey point on the sub-floor, they no longer sight at the point where the theodolite previously stood, but at the plumb line of the additional point.

The disadvantages of this method include the fact that sighting downward from the horizon of the sub-floor is limited to angles of inclination of 50 °. The need to place a plumb line in an inclined mine. Significant effect of the air jet on the oscillation of the plumb line, which increases the time required to solve design and tie problems on the horizons of the work.

There is a known method of orienting a sublevel mine working through one vertical working (author's certificate SSSZ №1128293, publ. 07.12.1984). In this method, two points of the anchor mill are tied with a thread. One of the points of the support mill is fixed on the oriented horizon above the whole in the roof of the working near the vertical rising one with the possibility of installing a theodolite under it. With the help of plumb lines, the alignment frame of the oriented horizon is projected onto the lower main horizon. Thus, the directional angle of the support mill on the oriented horizon is determined. The main difference of the method is that, in order to increase the accuracy and accelerate the orientation process, the second point of the support mill is fixed in the opposite side of the first point of the vertical upright board. At the same time, a plumb line is lowered from the second point of the support mill to the main horizon, under which the theodolite is installed, and the projection of the alignment of the support mill on the lower main horizon is set by the second point and an uncoordinated plumb line, which is to the thread connecting the two points of the support mill.

The disadvantages of the analogue include the effect of the air stream on the oscillation of the plumb line, which increases the time required to solve design and tie problems on the horizons of work.

The known method of orientation-connecting survey through inclined connecting workings using a non-free plumb line (DI Ogloblin Mine surveying in underground mining, part III, Orientation of underground survey. - M .: Metallurgizdat, 1953. - 264 S.). The essence of the method is as follows. In the working on the upper horizon, a cord or soft wire is fixed, the lower end of which on the main horizon is attached to a survey point located at the junction of the connecting and horizontal working of the main horizon. On the horizon of the sublevel, a stretch wire is attached to the wiring, the other end of which is attached to the survey point. On the main horizon, at a distance of 3-4 m from the mine surveyor currents, a load is suspended. Thus, the wire is subject to breakage at the attachment points of the guy line and the plumb line. Theodolites or protractors are installed under the survey points of the upper and lower horizons. Observing through the telescope, move the fixing point of the plumb line on the lower horizon until the direction formed by the wire and stretch on the upper horizon coincides with the vertical thread of the telescope mesh of the goniometric device. After the formation of a vertical plane with a plumb line and stretch marks, the adjacent angles are measured at the main and oriented horizons to transfer the directional angle from horizon to horizon. The distances between the attachment points of the guy line and the plumb line to the surveying points, as well as between the attachment points, are measured with a tape measure. The angle of inclination of the section of the wiring between the points of attachment of the brace and the plumb line is measured with a hanging semicircle with an error. The directional angle of the oriented side and the coordinates of the survey point on the sublevel are calculated by the formulas for processing polygonometric and theodolite moves.

The disadvantages of the analogue include a large amount of preparatory operations, consisting in placing a plumb line in the connecting tunnel and fixing it both at the stage of preparation and when setting a plumb line in the alignment, a significant effect of the air stream and dripping on the oscillation of plumb lines and wire.

The known method of orientation-connecting survey of sublevel mine workings using laser plane builders (LPP) between and an electronic tacheometer (RF patent, No. 2677089, publ. 01/15/2019) adopted as a prototype. According to this method, the design operation is performed using vertical laser mutually perpendicular planes generated by the LPP installed on the main horizon. The centering operation is carried out using a vertical line formed by the intersection of the laser vertical mutually perpendicular planes. The abutment on the main horizon consists in the fact that one of the created vertical planes of the LPP is located in alignment with an electro-optical tacheometer located at the nearest survey point of the reference or survey justification of the main horizon. Adjacency on the oriented horizon is carried out by determining the coordinates of the point of intersection of vertical planes and points located on the visible traces of vertical planes projected onto the walls or roof of a vertical mine.

The disadvantages include the need for a line of sight between the main and orientable horizons through the vertical connecting mine.

The technical result is a reduction in the number of preparatory operations, ensuring the independence of projection operations from the influence of the air environment and dripping, increasing the accuracy of centering and abutment operations, as well as ensuring a high degree of safety in performing work on transferring the initial coordinates and directional angle from the main horizon to the horizon of sublevel workings.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that at the stage of preparation in the section of the connecting working, an electronic-optical tacheometer is placed on the main horizon, and on the oriented horizon at least three translucent screens, on which, at the stage of measurements, from the main horizon, using a laser designator, an electronic of the optical total station, light trails are formed, the centers of which are fixed as points of sight for the subsequent determination of their coordinates from the main horizon using an electro-optical total station in a reflectorless mode according to the method of polar intersection, after transferring the electro-optical total station to the oriented horizon, the coordinates of its standing point are determined by the method resection in reflectorless mode by binding to the sighting points for further determining the coordinates of the points and the directional angles of the sides of the mine surveying survey justification on the oriented horizon.

The method is illustrated by the following figures:

fig. 1 - layout of the main elements (isometry);

fig. 2 is a diagram of a horizontal projection of the location of the main elements;

fig. 3 is a diagram of a translucent screen, where:

1 - mining on the main horizon;

2 - mine working on the sublevel horizon;

3 - connecting mine workings;

4 - a niche for a connecting working on the main horizon;

5 - a niche for a connecting development on the sublevel horizon;

6 - electro-optical tacheometer (ET) on the main horizon;

7 - electro-optical tacheometer (ET) on the horizon of the sublevel;

8 - surveying points on the main horizon;

9 - surveying points on the horizon of the sub-floor;

10 - translucent screen;

11 - light trail from the ET laser designator;

12 - line of the visible beam of the ET laser designator;

13 - line of sight ET;

14 - outer frame of the translucent screen;

15 - console;

16 - point of sight.

The method is carried out as follows. At the preparatory stage, in the mine workings of the main horizon 1 (Fig. 1) in a niche under the connecting workings on the main horizon 4, an electro-optical total station (ET) is installed on the main horizon 6. The coordinates of the ET on the main horizon 6 are determined from surveying points on the main horizon 8 (Figs. 1, 2). At the same time, translucent screens 10 (Figs. 1, 2) are brought out and fixed on the consoles 15 (Fig. 3) into the niche for the connecting mine working on the horizon of the sublevel 5 (Fig. 1) into the sectional area of the connecting mine working 3. At the stage of measurements, the line of the visible beam of the laser designator ET 12 is aimed at the semitransparent screen 10, on which, in the center of the light trace from the laser designator ET 11 (Fig. 3), visible in the transmission of the translucent screen 10, the point of sight 16 (Fig. . 1, 2, 3). After that, using the ET on the main horizon 6 according to the method of polar intersection in the reflectorless mode, the values of the coordinates X, Y, Z of the sighting point 16 are determined. Operations for aiming, marking the sighting points 16 and determining their coordinates X, Y, Z are repeated on other screens ... After completing the measurements on the main horizon, the ET on the horizon of the sublevel 7 is installed opposite the niche under the connecting working on the horizon of the sublevel 5. With the help of the ET on the horizon of the sublevel 7, they are sequentially aimed at the sighting points 16, the coordinates of which are stored in the ET memory, and using the resection technique in Reflectorless mode determines the coordinates of the ET on the horizon of the sublevel 7. The obtained coordinates are used for the subsequent determination of the coordinates of the survey points on the horizon of the sublevel 9 and the directional angles of the sides between them. The orientation-connecting survey is performed twice independently. The results of the orientation-connecting survey are obtained directly in the field.

The method is illustrated by the following example.

The results of multiple test horizontal-connecting surveys of a sublevel working, located at a height of 24 m from the main horizon, performed by the proposed method using electronic total stations (Table 1), showed that deviations in the values of the directional angles of the side of the survey justification on the oriented horizon ranged from 2 'to eight'.

The results obtained are less than the value of 14 ', corresponding to the permissible difference in the values of the directional angles of the oriented side, obtained from the two orientations, required by the instructions for the production of mine surveying (RD 07-603-03).

The inventive method makes it possible, without overlapping the connecting tunnel and lowering the plumb lines, to solve the problems of centering and orienting the mine survey network on the horizon of the sublevel workings by placing at least three semitransparent screens on the horizon of the sublevel, on which, using a laser designator of an electronic-optical tacheometer located on the main horizon, they form luminous points, the centers which are fixed with a marker on the sublevel horizon for the subsequent determination of their plan and altitude coordinates from the main horizon using an electro-optical total station in reflectorless mode using the polar intersection technique. After transferring the electro-optical tacheometer to the oriented horizon, the coordinates of its standing points are determined in a reflectorless mode by binding to marked points on semitransparent screens using the resection technique, for the subsequent determination of the coordinates of points and directional angles of the sides of the survey justification on the oriented horizon. The implementation of the proposed method allows you to ensure the required accuracy, safety of work without long-term "debt" of connecting work.

Claims (1)

A method for a plumb horizontal connecting survey of sublevel horizons through a connecting mine, including preparatory work related to the placement of instruments and equipment, as well as performing linear-angular measurements at the observation stage on the main and oriented horizons, characterized in that at the stage of preparation on the oriented horizon in at the cross-section of the connecting working, at least three semitransparent screens are placed, on which, at the stage of measurements, from the main horizon using a laser designator of an electronic-optical tacheometer, light trails are formed, the centers of which are fixed as points of sight for subsequent determination of their coordinates from the main horizon using an electronic of an optical total station in reflectorless mode according to the method of polar intersection, after transferring the electro-optical total station to the oriented horizon, the coordinates of its position are determined according to the resection technique in reflectorless mode. m binding to the sighting points for further determining the coordinates of the points and the directional angles of the sides of the mine surveying survey substantiation on the oriented horizon.

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