CA2368157A1 - Device and method for underground tunnel alignment - Google Patents
Device and method for underground tunnel alignment Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2368157A1 CA2368157A1 CA 2368157 CA2368157A CA2368157A1 CA 2368157 A1 CA2368157 A1 CA 2368157A1 CA 2368157 CA2368157 CA 2368157 CA 2368157 A CA2368157 A CA 2368157A CA 2368157 A1 CA2368157 A1 CA 2368157A1
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- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- tunnel
- light beam
- string
- points
- grade
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C15/00—Surveying instruments or accessories not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C13/00
- G01C15/002—Active optical surveying means
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/003—Arrangement of measuring or indicating devices for use during driving of tunnels, e.g. for guiding machines
- E21D9/004—Arrangement of measuring or indicating devices for use during driving of tunnels, e.g. for guiding machines using light beams for direction or position control
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C7/00—Tracing profiles
- G01C7/06—Tracing profiles of cavities, e.g. tunnels
Abstract
A tunneling alignment device and method to provide azimuth .and grade of a tunnel are provided, which incorporates the use of the invention and a string that joins two surveyed points on opposite sides of a tunnel wall. The self leveling device is attached to the string and projects a light beam parallel to the planned azimuth and grade of the tunnel and provides a means to adjust: the grade of the light beam as required for tunnels of different grades.
Description
DEVICE AND METHOD FOR UNDERGROUND TUNNEL ALIGNMENT
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a tunnel alignment or surveying system which can be operated easily by the mine worker to ensure that proper azimuth or line (hereafter "azimuth") and grade or dip (hereafter "grade") is maintained during tunnel advancement. The~device will be used to develop straight tunnels of any predetermined grade. This system will greatly improve the speed and accuracy of tunnel alignment markup including surveying setup time of reference points.
The prior art of aligning the azimuth and grade for tunnel advancement requires a total of six previously surveyed reference points with small diameter holes drilled with small spads or hooks placed in them at these points. Two of the surveyed points are on the ceiling of the tunnel aligned with the azimuth of the tunnel about 10 feet (3meters) apart. String is hung from each of the ceiling reference points this azimuth is projected to the tunnel face by aligning the two strings by eye.
The other four reference points are located on the walls, two on either wall also about 10 feet apart (3 meters). A similar method for determining the grade of the tunnel is performed by connecting a string to the front two points across the tunnel and a second string is strung across the rear two points across the tunnel. The to strings are aligned by eye and the grade line is projected to the face of the tunnel. These six reference points must be accurately surveyed and located by mine surveyors. Two people are normally required to align the reference points and strings and project and mark up a new reference point to the tunnel face. These six surveyed points are normally established every 100 to 200 feet (30 to 60 meters) in a straight tunnel.
Limitations of this prior art include:
Poor Accuracy due to: Alignment points may be out (placed onto broken rock mass) Eyeballing to align the strings Requires two men to align strings and mark the projection on the face.
Time consuming method compared to new method Time consuming to survey in all six points Mobile equipment required to survey points and attach points to ceiling Large mobile equipment must be removed from between the surveyed points and the face.
Improvements to the above procedure have been proposed in the U.S. Patent No.
4,446,626 which utilizes a light beam transmitter suspended from spads on the ceiling of the tunnel such that the light beam projects parallel to the azimuth of the tunnel. This method is to also provide grade of the tunnel it requires that the support that joins each spad to each end of the light beam transmitter be of accurate length in order to accurately provide grade of which no procedure is provided.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a tunnel alignment or surveying system which can be operated easily by the mine worker to ensure that proper azimuth or line (hereafter "azimuth") and grade or dip (hereafter "grade") is maintained during tunnel advancement. The~device will be used to develop straight tunnels of any predetermined grade. This system will greatly improve the speed and accuracy of tunnel alignment markup including surveying setup time of reference points.
The prior art of aligning the azimuth and grade for tunnel advancement requires a total of six previously surveyed reference points with small diameter holes drilled with small spads or hooks placed in them at these points. Two of the surveyed points are on the ceiling of the tunnel aligned with the azimuth of the tunnel about 10 feet (3meters) apart. String is hung from each of the ceiling reference points this azimuth is projected to the tunnel face by aligning the two strings by eye.
The other four reference points are located on the walls, two on either wall also about 10 feet apart (3 meters). A similar method for determining the grade of the tunnel is performed by connecting a string to the front two points across the tunnel and a second string is strung across the rear two points across the tunnel. The to strings are aligned by eye and the grade line is projected to the face of the tunnel. These six reference points must be accurately surveyed and located by mine surveyors. Two people are normally required to align the reference points and strings and project and mark up a new reference point to the tunnel face. These six surveyed points are normally established every 100 to 200 feet (30 to 60 meters) in a straight tunnel.
Limitations of this prior art include:
Poor Accuracy due to: Alignment points may be out (placed onto broken rock mass) Eyeballing to align the strings Requires two men to align strings and mark the projection on the face.
Time consuming method compared to new method Time consuming to survey in all six points Mobile equipment required to survey points and attach points to ceiling Large mobile equipment must be removed from between the surveyed points and the face.
Improvements to the above procedure have been proposed in the U.S. Patent No.
4,446,626 which utilizes a light beam transmitter suspended from spads on the ceiling of the tunnel such that the light beam projects parallel to the azimuth of the tunnel. This method is to also provide grade of the tunnel it requires that the support that joins each spad to each end of the light beam transmitter be of accurate length in order to accurately provide grade of which no procedure is provided.
Improvements to the above procedures and above patent have been proposed in Canadian Patent No. 2;270,483 which operates under the same principle as U.S. Patent 4,446,626 however is rigidly mounted to the wall and uses a different method of aligning points to obtain the proper grade and azimuth.
This method utilizes two specialized wall mounted supports on the same side of the tunnel located at a distance apart. Each wall support contains a pivoting rod holder that connects to the end of a rigid rod of predetermined length. By lining up the ends of the rods, the azimuth and grade of the tunnel is obtained. A
light beam is used to project a reference point through the rode. ends to the face of the tunnel. This method is also difficult to setup and cumbersome to allow for tunnel alignment.
OBJECTS AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is the objective of the present invention to eliminate the disadvantages of the prior art and other alignment systems and to provide a system that is simple to comprehend, quick to setup, accurate and easily carried out by one person.
Other objectives and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following description thereof.
The present alignment system provides a novel apparatus and method for establishing azimuth and grade of a tunnel which may be horizontal or vertical or of any grade angle in between. This invention when suspended on a string between two surveyed points will project a beam of light parallel to the tunnel direction in both azimuth and grade and therefore project a reference point to the face of the tunnel which is utilized to determine the layout outside perimeter of the tunnel by measuring predetermined offset distances from it.
The invention is a self leveling device that is hung on a string that connects two known points that are conveniently located on the tunnel walls such that when a line connects the two points, the line is perpendicular to the azimuth of the tunnel: The azimuth and grade of the laser beam projected is controlled on the device. The device is comprised of a laser pointing unit, battery, on/off switch, hooks to straddle a string, a self leveling pivot point and a movable mass system to control grade of projected laser beam. The accuracy of the invention is excellent with less than 0.05% error and can be much better by simply changing the length of it, ie by lengthening the distance between the string and the movable mass system that adjusts the grade.
The two known reference points are surveyed in as in the prior art and it is only required that when a string connects them across the tunnel that the line is perpendicular to the tunnel azimuth. This is a simple task for the surveyors to complete using conventional survey techniques.
These two points in the case of a tunnel are mounted on the tunnel wall. For convenience, the two points can be comprised of a small drill hole with an anchoring hook currently commonly used with the "prior art" (spads). The two points are mounted at the same elevation on each wall and a line that joins them together is perpendicular to the azimuth of the tunnel direction. A
string that joins the two points should be of relatively small diameter and resist stretching. The string can be tied to each reference point or simply tied to one and looped through the other with a weight tied to other end to provide the appropriate amount of tension.
The invention is attached anywhere on the string that connects the two known points. The light beam projects the beam perpendicular to the string and therefore will provide the azimuth of the tunnel.
The offset distance from the laser device to one of the known points will be transferred to the tunnel face, thus any offset distance may be used. The device is hinged and self leveling such that if there is any sag in the string or if the points are at slightly different elevations the true azimuth will be maintained. The offset distance between the line that connects the two wall points and the light beam can be measured by doubling the string across the two points and only suspending the invention from one string, allowing for direct measurement between the tight and untouched string and the center line of the light beam.
In order to provide the proper grade of the tunnel direction, the grade of the laser device is controlled by adjusting the location of a mass on the device which will in turn adjust the grade of the projected laser beam to the predetermined value. On the illustration shown, a mass is simply hung off of located drill holes at the bottom of the device depending on required grade.
The laser beam is projected to the face of the tunnel and will be the reference point required in order to maintain a straight tunnel on all sides: floor ceiling and both walls.
If there is slight sway (ie. bounce) in the projected light beam dot in the vertical plane on the tunnel face caused by the device slightly swinging on the string, the true grade is determined by averaging the highest and lowest point of the light beam projection. A damping system has been incorporated into the invention as a hanging mass below the device attached by a pivot point or by a flexible string to minimize the oscillation.
The beam of light of the invention normally is adjusted such that it is parallel to the azimuth and grade of the tunnel, however any predetermined relationship between the beam of light and the azimuth and grade may be utilized instead.
The invention may be adapted to any alignment task where two known points can be joined together by a string or other device such as for construction and surveying.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a mine tunnel with the prior art of aligning the tunnel advance.
Fig. 2 is a perspective view of a mine tunnel illustrating the method of tunnel alignment as described with this invention.
Fig. 3 is an isometric view of the invention.
Fig. 4 is an isometric view of a variation of the invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In the drawings, the same features are designated by the same reference numbers.
Fig. 1 shows a prior art arrangement having a mine tunnel 7 which on the ceiling, two reference points 1 A
and 1B are surveyed in which when aligned are the same azimuth as the tunnel.
String IC is normally hung from the ceiling points to allow for alignment by eye to the tunnel face 4. A similar method to project the grade of the tunnel to the face by eye incorporates four surveyed wall points 2A,2B, 3A and 3B
and string joining them 2C and 3C.
Fig.2 shows the alignment task of the same mine tunnel utilizing the invention described. Two surveyed wall points 3A and 3B which when joined by a string 3C make a line perpendicular to the azimuth of the tunnel. The invention 8 is attached to the string and projects a light beam 6 to the tunnel face 4 which is parallel to the tunnel direction when the inventions light beam is set to the appropriate grade. The position of the invention 8 on the string relative to the string is simply taken by physically measuring the distance between the invention and one or both of the surveyed wall points.
Fig. 3 shows the invention suspended on the string 3C through two holes or hooks 10 on the invention. The two hooks are attached to a rigid arm 11 to maintain the position of the invention relative to the sMng 3C and therefore the two surveyed points 3A and 3B. The remaining portion 13 of the invention is attached to the rigid arm 11 by means of a hinge 12 or pivot which allows the invention to hang plumb below the string even if there is sag in the string or the surveyed wall points 3A and 3B are not at the exact same height. Attached to the plumbed vertical portion 13 of the invention is the light beam 9 which projects a focused beam of light to the tunnel face. Grade of the light beam is controlled by adjusting the movable weight 14 across a slide 17 which changes the center of gravity of the invention and therefore the grade angle of the light beam. A damping arm 15 of certain mass is attached to the movable weight with a pivoting connection 16 reduces the sway or oscillation of the invention on the string.
Fig. 4 shows a variation of the invention that can be used for the same or other applications. The movable weight system is removed and the invention is simply suspended plumb on the string and remains in a constant position. The direction of the projected light beam can be changed by 360 degrees in the horizontal plane 18 and 360 degrees in the vertical plane 19. Reference dials or scales with markings in degrees will allow for reading of the vertical 19 and horizontal 18 angles of the projected light beam relative to the invention and therefore relative to the string that joins the two points.
It should be understood that the invention is not limited to the specific embodiment described above but that various modifications obvious to those skilled in the art can be made therein without departing from the spirit of the invention and the scope of the following claims.
This method utilizes two specialized wall mounted supports on the same side of the tunnel located at a distance apart. Each wall support contains a pivoting rod holder that connects to the end of a rigid rod of predetermined length. By lining up the ends of the rods, the azimuth and grade of the tunnel is obtained. A
light beam is used to project a reference point through the rode. ends to the face of the tunnel. This method is also difficult to setup and cumbersome to allow for tunnel alignment.
OBJECTS AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is the objective of the present invention to eliminate the disadvantages of the prior art and other alignment systems and to provide a system that is simple to comprehend, quick to setup, accurate and easily carried out by one person.
Other objectives and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following description thereof.
The present alignment system provides a novel apparatus and method for establishing azimuth and grade of a tunnel which may be horizontal or vertical or of any grade angle in between. This invention when suspended on a string between two surveyed points will project a beam of light parallel to the tunnel direction in both azimuth and grade and therefore project a reference point to the face of the tunnel which is utilized to determine the layout outside perimeter of the tunnel by measuring predetermined offset distances from it.
The invention is a self leveling device that is hung on a string that connects two known points that are conveniently located on the tunnel walls such that when a line connects the two points, the line is perpendicular to the azimuth of the tunnel: The azimuth and grade of the laser beam projected is controlled on the device. The device is comprised of a laser pointing unit, battery, on/off switch, hooks to straddle a string, a self leveling pivot point and a movable mass system to control grade of projected laser beam. The accuracy of the invention is excellent with less than 0.05% error and can be much better by simply changing the length of it, ie by lengthening the distance between the string and the movable mass system that adjusts the grade.
The two known reference points are surveyed in as in the prior art and it is only required that when a string connects them across the tunnel that the line is perpendicular to the tunnel azimuth. This is a simple task for the surveyors to complete using conventional survey techniques.
These two points in the case of a tunnel are mounted on the tunnel wall. For convenience, the two points can be comprised of a small drill hole with an anchoring hook currently commonly used with the "prior art" (spads). The two points are mounted at the same elevation on each wall and a line that joins them together is perpendicular to the azimuth of the tunnel direction. A
string that joins the two points should be of relatively small diameter and resist stretching. The string can be tied to each reference point or simply tied to one and looped through the other with a weight tied to other end to provide the appropriate amount of tension.
The invention is attached anywhere on the string that connects the two known points. The light beam projects the beam perpendicular to the string and therefore will provide the azimuth of the tunnel.
The offset distance from the laser device to one of the known points will be transferred to the tunnel face, thus any offset distance may be used. The device is hinged and self leveling such that if there is any sag in the string or if the points are at slightly different elevations the true azimuth will be maintained. The offset distance between the line that connects the two wall points and the light beam can be measured by doubling the string across the two points and only suspending the invention from one string, allowing for direct measurement between the tight and untouched string and the center line of the light beam.
In order to provide the proper grade of the tunnel direction, the grade of the laser device is controlled by adjusting the location of a mass on the device which will in turn adjust the grade of the projected laser beam to the predetermined value. On the illustration shown, a mass is simply hung off of located drill holes at the bottom of the device depending on required grade.
The laser beam is projected to the face of the tunnel and will be the reference point required in order to maintain a straight tunnel on all sides: floor ceiling and both walls.
If there is slight sway (ie. bounce) in the projected light beam dot in the vertical plane on the tunnel face caused by the device slightly swinging on the string, the true grade is determined by averaging the highest and lowest point of the light beam projection. A damping system has been incorporated into the invention as a hanging mass below the device attached by a pivot point or by a flexible string to minimize the oscillation.
The beam of light of the invention normally is adjusted such that it is parallel to the azimuth and grade of the tunnel, however any predetermined relationship between the beam of light and the azimuth and grade may be utilized instead.
The invention may be adapted to any alignment task where two known points can be joined together by a string or other device such as for construction and surveying.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a mine tunnel with the prior art of aligning the tunnel advance.
Fig. 2 is a perspective view of a mine tunnel illustrating the method of tunnel alignment as described with this invention.
Fig. 3 is an isometric view of the invention.
Fig. 4 is an isometric view of a variation of the invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In the drawings, the same features are designated by the same reference numbers.
Fig. 1 shows a prior art arrangement having a mine tunnel 7 which on the ceiling, two reference points 1 A
and 1B are surveyed in which when aligned are the same azimuth as the tunnel.
String IC is normally hung from the ceiling points to allow for alignment by eye to the tunnel face 4. A similar method to project the grade of the tunnel to the face by eye incorporates four surveyed wall points 2A,2B, 3A and 3B
and string joining them 2C and 3C.
Fig.2 shows the alignment task of the same mine tunnel utilizing the invention described. Two surveyed wall points 3A and 3B which when joined by a string 3C make a line perpendicular to the azimuth of the tunnel. The invention 8 is attached to the string and projects a light beam 6 to the tunnel face 4 which is parallel to the tunnel direction when the inventions light beam is set to the appropriate grade. The position of the invention 8 on the string relative to the string is simply taken by physically measuring the distance between the invention and one or both of the surveyed wall points.
Fig. 3 shows the invention suspended on the string 3C through two holes or hooks 10 on the invention. The two hooks are attached to a rigid arm 11 to maintain the position of the invention relative to the sMng 3C and therefore the two surveyed points 3A and 3B. The remaining portion 13 of the invention is attached to the rigid arm 11 by means of a hinge 12 or pivot which allows the invention to hang plumb below the string even if there is sag in the string or the surveyed wall points 3A and 3B are not at the exact same height. Attached to the plumbed vertical portion 13 of the invention is the light beam 9 which projects a focused beam of light to the tunnel face. Grade of the light beam is controlled by adjusting the movable weight 14 across a slide 17 which changes the center of gravity of the invention and therefore the grade angle of the light beam. A damping arm 15 of certain mass is attached to the movable weight with a pivoting connection 16 reduces the sway or oscillation of the invention on the string.
Fig. 4 shows a variation of the invention that can be used for the same or other applications. The movable weight system is removed and the invention is simply suspended plumb on the string and remains in a constant position. The direction of the projected light beam can be changed by 360 degrees in the horizontal plane 18 and 360 degrees in the vertical plane 19. Reference dials or scales with markings in degrees will allow for reading of the vertical 19 and horizontal 18 angles of the projected light beam relative to the invention and therefore relative to the string that joins the two points.
It should be understood that the invention is not limited to the specific embodiment described above but that various modifications obvious to those skilled in the art can be made therein without departing from the spirit of the invention and the scope of the following claims.
Claims (21)
1. A tunneling survey alignment system which comprises:
(a) a string or other device (flexible or rigid) which joins two fixed and surveyed points on each wall of the tunnel.
(b) means to accurately survey in the required points on the wall of the tunnel so that when joined with a string they are perpendicular to the azimuth of the tunnel.
(c) means to tighten or support the string or other device in order to eliminate or minimize for sag in the string or other device (d) a device containing a light or laser beam transmitter that is suspended from or attached to the string which will project a reference point to the face of the tunnel or drift comprising of azimuth and grade which is parallel to the tunnel direction.
(e) means of plumbing the invention vertically in a plane that is perpendicular to a vertical plane that intersects the two reference points.
(f) means of adjusting the grade of the projected beam of light with reference to the horizontal by changing the balance of the device in the vertical plane aligned with the azimuth of the light beam.
(g) means of utilizing the projected light beam reference point on the face and offset distance from one of the two wall points in order to determine the position of the tunnel face relative to the location of the projected light beam on it.
(h) means of dampening the oscillation of the device in order to project a steady or relatively steady beam of light.
(i) means of interpreting a vertically oscillating projected beam of light with the true grade.
(a) a string or other device (flexible or rigid) which joins two fixed and surveyed points on each wall of the tunnel.
(b) means to accurately survey in the required points on the wall of the tunnel so that when joined with a string they are perpendicular to the azimuth of the tunnel.
(c) means to tighten or support the string or other device in order to eliminate or minimize for sag in the string or other device (d) a device containing a light or laser beam transmitter that is suspended from or attached to the string which will project a reference point to the face of the tunnel or drift comprising of azimuth and grade which is parallel to the tunnel direction.
(e) means of plumbing the invention vertically in a plane that is perpendicular to a vertical plane that intersects the two reference points.
(f) means of adjusting the grade of the projected beam of light with reference to the horizontal by changing the balance of the device in the vertical plane aligned with the azimuth of the light beam.
(g) means of utilizing the projected light beam reference point on the face and offset distance from one of the two wall points in order to determine the position of the tunnel face relative to the location of the projected light beam on it.
(h) means of dampening the oscillation of the device in order to project a steady or relatively steady beam of light.
(i) means of interpreting a vertically oscillating projected beam of light with the true grade.
2. A tunneling system according to claim 1 in which a tilt meter may be attached to the light beam device in order to display grade.
3. A tunneling system according to claim 1 or 2 which a range finder and display or other method of reading distance to the face or reference points may be incorporated.
4. A tunneling system according to claim 1,2 or 3 which may include a dampening system secured to the ground or ceiling to reduce or eliminate oscillation of the device under high winds.
5. A tunneling system according to claim 1,2,3 or 4 which will include a system to eliminate sag in the string such that the light beam vector will be held at a repeatable distance from the line that connects the two points on the wall.
6. A tunneling system according to claim 1,2,3,4,5 or 6 which will include light beam transmitter which projects either a horizontal line, vertical line, crosshairs, drill pattern or other pattern.
7. A tunneling system according to claim 1,2,3,4,5,6 or 7 in which the grade of the light beam is controlled by micro electronics and a tilt meter and a mechanized means of changing the grade of the light beam.
8. A tunneling system according to claim 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 or 8 which incorporates instead of a string to locate the device between the two known points, a standard survey tripod or other device and an additional two opposing light or laser transmitters on the device perpendicular to the main light beam that will allow for the device to be located between the two points on the wall.
9. A tunneling system according to claim 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 or 9 which will include a system to align drill rods of a drill rig to ensure alignment with the tunnel direction.
10. A tunneling system according to claim 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 or 10 which will include additional light beam, mounted perpendicular to the main light transmitter in order to allow for similar or other alignment surveying or alignment tasks to be performed.
11. A tunneling system according to claim 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 or 11 which will include a range finder and display device to show the distance from the device to either or both of the two points on the wall.
12. A tunneling system according to claim 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11 or 12 which will include a means of adjusting and measuring the azimuth of the projected beam of light relative to the line that intersects the two fixed points on the wall of the tunnel thus enabling additional uses for device to be used in the construction, civil and surveying industries.
13. A tunneling system according to claim 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12 or 13 which will have azimuth and grade adjustment performed by tilting the light beam angle on either the vertical or horizontal plane and a method of reading the vertical and horizontal angle relative to the invention and therefore the string instead of adjusting the center of balance of the device.
14. A tunneling system according to claim 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13 or 14 which will include a plumbing weight or light beam point vertically up or vertically down to accurately align with a third surveyed point on the ceiling or floor if necessary.
15. A tunneling system according to claim 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14 or 15 which utilizes some other type of radio wave emitting device instead of a visual seen light beam to project the azimuth and grade to some type of receiving device.
16. A tunneling system according to claim 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15 or 16 that may be used in another alignment application which relies on the invention being located between two known points.
17. A tunneling system according to claim 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16 or 17 that may incorporate a fixed joint instead of the hinged joint 15 as shown in the drawings if the supporting string is always perfectly horizontal.
18. A tunneling system according to claim 1,2,3;4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17 or 18 that may incorporate a longer movable mass system 16 and 17 as shown in the drawings to allow for full 180 degrees of rotation about the string for the grade of the light beam. Removing the invention from the string and turning it 180 degrees and re-attaching it to the string will allow for a full 360 degrees of rotation for the light beam in the vertical plane.
19. A tunneling system according to claim 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18 or 19 which may include or replace the light beam with a scope or rifle type sights to allow for sighting the reference point to the face of the tunnel by eye.
20. A method of aligning the tunnel with the device which comprises:
(a) connecting two surveyed points across a tunnel with a string or other device so that the string is perpendicular to the tunnel direction.
(b) Attaching the invention anywhere on the string at a convenient location.
(c) Determining an offset distance from the invention to one of the two wall points.
(d) Setting the pre-determined grade of the invention with respect to horizontal in order to make the light beam be parallel with the planned tunnel grade.
(e) Turning on the light beam transmitter which projects a reference point to the tunnel face.
(f) Measuring the offset distance between the light beam line and a straight line that joins the two wall points.
(g) Utilizing the projected light beam on the tunnel face to determine the new cross sectional profile and location of the tunnel and adjust the advancement accordingly if necessary.
(a) connecting two surveyed points across a tunnel with a string or other device so that the string is perpendicular to the tunnel direction.
(b) Attaching the invention anywhere on the string at a convenient location.
(c) Determining an offset distance from the invention to one of the two wall points.
(d) Setting the pre-determined grade of the invention with respect to horizontal in order to make the light beam be parallel with the planned tunnel grade.
(e) Turning on the light beam transmitter which projects a reference point to the tunnel face.
(f) Measuring the offset distance between the light beam line and a straight line that joins the two wall points.
(g) Utilizing the projected light beam on the tunnel face to determine the new cross sectional profile and location of the tunnel and adjust the advancement accordingly if necessary.
21. A method of aligning the drills on tunneling equipment according to claim 20 by moving the drill rod which is usually from 2 to 14 feet (0.6 to 4 meters) in length so that it is parallel to the light beam.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2368157 CA2368157A1 (en) | 2002-01-08 | 2002-01-08 | Device and method for underground tunnel alignment |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2368157 CA2368157A1 (en) | 2002-01-08 | 2002-01-08 | Device and method for underground tunnel alignment |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2368157A1 true CA2368157A1 (en) | 2003-07-08 |
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ID=4171076
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2368157 Abandoned CA2368157A1 (en) | 2002-01-08 | 2002-01-08 | Device and method for underground tunnel alignment |
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| Country | Link |
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| CA (1) | CA2368157A1 (en) |
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| CN109540086A (en) * | 2019-01-28 | 2019-03-29 | 中交公局重庆城市建设发展有限公司 | Small base tunnel director and its pointing method |
| CN110029585A (en) * | 2019-05-23 | 2019-07-19 | 郑州大学 | A kind of device and application method for precast segment assembly straight bridge alignment control |
| CN110029585B (en) * | 2019-05-23 | 2024-04-19 | 郑州大学 | Device for linear control of segment prefabrication and assembly linear bridge and use method |
-
2002
- 2002-01-08 CA CA 2368157 patent/CA2368157A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103175510A (en) * | 2013-03-13 | 2013-06-26 | 华中科技大学 | Smart laser profiler automatic in leveling and direction adjustment |
| CN103175510B (en) * | 2013-03-13 | 2015-06-03 | 华中科技大学 | Smart laser profiler automatic in leveling and direction adjustment |
| CN109540086A (en) * | 2019-01-28 | 2019-03-29 | 中交公局重庆城市建设发展有限公司 | Small base tunnel director and its pointing method |
| CN109540086B (en) * | 2019-01-28 | 2023-12-22 | 中交一公局重庆隧道工程有限公司 | Small pilot pit pointing instrument and pointing method thereof |
| CN110029585A (en) * | 2019-05-23 | 2019-07-19 | 郑州大学 | A kind of device and application method for precast segment assembly straight bridge alignment control |
| CN110029585B (en) * | 2019-05-23 | 2024-04-19 | 郑州大学 | Device for linear control of segment prefabrication and assembly linear bridge and use method |
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