RU2735868C1 - Method of intensification of sprouting seeds of radish in pulse illumination - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, namely to plant growing. Method includes pulsed lighting. On 7th day of sprouting in the dark of seeds of radish, sprouts are seasoned with mineral solution of the following composition (mg/l): N-NH₄ – 0.5; P – 4.1; K – 27.5; Ca – 10.0; Mg – 2.4; S – 3.0; Fe – 0.094; Mn – 0.014; B – 0.016; Cu – 0.003; Zn – 0.013; Mo – 0.003. Then light-emitting diode lamps are irradiated at intensity of generated photons of 140 mcmol/m²s at duration of pulses of 1 s illumination and 3 s of pause of darkness, with characteristics of polychrome spectrum: ultraviolet 380 nm – 1.5%, blue 440 nm – 23.8%, green 520-530 nm – 6%, red 640 nm – 61.5%, far red light 740 nm – 7.2% from 7th to Day 14 of round-the-clock illumination of sprouts until production of micro-spawning.

EFFECT: method makes it possible to establish mode of pulsed light-emitting diode lighting in a complex with additional mineral additional fertilizer for increase of productivity and quality of plants in a phase of sprouting of seeds and before the beginning of true photosynthesis.

1 cl, 2 tbl, 1 ex

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to plant growing, and can be used in breeding in the selection of promising plant genotypes responsive to artificial LED lighting and mineral nutrition in a pulsed mode using agrobiotechnological systems, in agrobiophotonics and in technologies for obtaining sprouted radish and its microgreens for a healthy diet.

In Russia, a state standard for determining the germination of seeds of agricultural plants has been introduced, which considers the conditions for germinating seeds, usually in the dark, taking into account temperature and time factors to assess the energy of germination and germination of seeds (GOST 12038-84. Seeds of agricultural crops. Methods for determining germination. - M. Standartinform, 2011).

However, for seeds responsive to light when germinated, only natural light is considered in the standard. In accordance with the specified GOST, for radish seeds, the determination of the germination energy and germination rate is regulated when germinating in the dark on the 3rd and 6th days, respectively.

There are currently no standards for germinating seeds under artificial lighting. For each plant, the issues of the influence of artificial lighting in its various components are specifically investigated according to the spectra of electromagnetic radiation, intensity and exposure time at different stages of vegetation and photosynthesis in the development of technology elements for protected ground (patent No. 2601055, published 10.27.2014, bull. No. 30, IPC A01S 1/00, A01S 1/02)

It is known that the pulsed nature of irradiation of plants has both a stimulating and a depressing effect on the accumulation of dry mass of sowing lettuce, depending on the level of the time-averaged intensity of the light flux, which, during the illumination of the plants, represents alternating pulses of the photon flux followed by periods of darkness. ... For values of the time-averaged intensity of photons that do not exceed 400 mol / (m ² s], pulsed light inhibited the growth of plants as compared with continuous irradiation, particularly for extending the pulse repetition period (Konovalov IO, Berkovich YA, Erohin A.N., Smolyanina CO, Yakovleva O.S., Znamensky A.I., Tarakanov I.G., Radchenko S.G., Lapach S.N., Trofimov Yu.V., Tsvirko V.I. lighting systems for the vitamin space greenhouse // Aviakosm and ecological medical - 2016. - T. 50, No. 3. - P. 17-22).

However, there are no general solutions for the use of pulsed LED lighting modes using phytolamps for plant cultures in the phase of autotrophic plant nutrition through photosynthesis, not to mention the primary phase of seed germination and the formation of shoots with certain quality indicators - as the basis for the subsequent development of the plant.

The question of the influence of the pulsed mode of artificial illumination of light on seed germination during primary heterotrophic nutrition due to the reserve of nutrients in seeds has practically not been studied scientifically, not to mention technical solutions in relation to specific biological and agricultural objects of crop production.

The closest to the proposed solution is the study by Dong S. et al., Who, while investigating the effect of pulsed illumination with a millisecond period on the photosynthetic characteristics and production process of wheat plants, received a slight decrease in yield at a filling factor of 50% light pulses. With filling factors of 70 and 80%, the crop yield did not significantly differ from the control. The authors of the study believe that it is fundamentally possible to reduce energy costs for lighting crops through the use of pulsed lighting (Dong C, Shao L., Liu G. et al. Photosynthetic characteristics, antioxidant capacity and biomass yield of wheat exposed to intermittent light irradiation with millisecond-scale period // Journal of plat physiology. - 2015. - Vol. 184. - P. 28-36.).

However, the authors suggest the use of pulsed illumination in the mode of the millisecond range of photon flux formation and darkness with a certain duty cycle to eliminate the negative effect of light on production characteristics during the photosynthesis period only for wheat culture. The issue of the impact of lighting in a pulsed (intermittent) mode at the stage of germination of wheat and other crops before the appearance of microgreens is not considered by the authors.

This is a distinctive characteristic of all the few works on the study of pulsed LED lighting modes for the production process of specific plants, since the genetic factor is the main filter for the manifestation of the effects of stimulating or inhibiting life processes during photosynthesis under these conditions of autotrophic nutrition.

There are no closer prototypes for technical solutions on the effect of pulsed modes of photon flux generated by LED emitters on plant seeds, starting from the initial periods of photosynthesis for germinated seedlings.

The technical result is the establishment of a mode of pulsed LED lighting in combination with additional mineral fertilizing to increase the productivity and quality of plants in the phase of seed germination and before the start of true photosynthesis.

The technical solution of the claimed object differs from the prototype in that on the 7th day of germination in the dark of radish seeds, seedlings are fed with a mineral nutrient solution of the composition (in mg / l): N-NH ₄ - 0.5; P - 4.1; K 27.5; Ca - 10.0; Mg - 2.4; S - 3.0; Fe - 0.094; Mn 0.014; B - 0.016; Cu - 0.003; Zn 0.013; Mo - 0.003; pH 5,7-6,0 at a total salt concentration of 140 mg / l and more LED lights are irradiated at an intensity of generated photons to 140 mol / m ² s with a pulse duration of 1 to 3 and the illumination pause darkness with polychromatic spectral characteristics: UV 380 nm - 1.5%, blue 440 nm - 23.8%, green 520-530 nm - 6%, red 640 nm - 61.5%, far red 740 nm - 7.2% from 7th to 14th day of round-the-clock lighting of seedlings until microgreens are obtained.

The method is carried out as follows:

Example. The studies were carried out in a synergotron (closed climatic chamber with digital programmed control of the main parameters of the external environment) model 1.01. constructions of the Autonomous non-profit organization "Institute for Development Strategies". Seeds and seedlings of Yubileiny radish were taken as the object of research. Germination of seeds was carried out in Petri dishes in accordance with GOST 12038-84 with changes - a substrate made of mineral wool from the company "Agros" was used. Number of seeds - 25 pcs. in a Petri dish, three times. Temperature 25-26 ° C.

The check was carried out for 3 experimental options:

- Germination in the dark (control) according to GOST 12038-84 for 7 days,

- Germination in the dark for 7 days in accordance with GOST 12038-84 when moistened with distilled water, followed by growing seedlings from 7 to 14 days under LED lighting in a pulse mode,

- Germination in the dark in accordance with GOST 12038-84 with moistening with distilled water and a single top dressing of 20 ml per Petri dish on day 7 with a mineral nutrient solution of the composition (in mg / l): N-NH ₄ - 0.5; P - 4.1; K 27.5; Ca - 10.0; Mg - 2.4; S - 3.0; Fe - 0.094; Mn 0.014; B - 0.016; Cu - 0.003; Zn 0.013; Mo - 0.003. Further, from the 7th day, germination was carried out under LED illumination in a pulsed mode and watering the seedlings with distilled water up to 14 days.

The intensity level of light produced by LED lamps design AHO «Institute development strategies" on the substrate level in the pulse period of action, was 140 mol / m ² * s, 24 hours per day until day 14 mikrozeleni. The following modes of pulsed LED irradiation were used: 1 s / 3 s (pulse duration 1 s, pause-darkness 3 s). Characteristics of the polychrome spectrum of an LED lamp in the experiment: ultraviolet 380 nm - 1.5%, blue 440 nm - 23.8%), green 520-530 nm - 6%, red 640 nm - 61.5%, far red 740 nm - 7.2%.

On the 14th day, the biomass of 100 sprouts and the content of chlorophyll and carotenoids in them were determined. The determination of photosynthetic plant pigments was carried out by the spectrophotometric method according to RD 52.24.784-2013 and GOST 17.1.4.02-90.

Throughout the experiment, the substrate (mineral wool) was moistened with distilled water.

The obtained test results of the method are shown in tables 1,2.

The use of LED lighting in a pulsed version of illumination 1 s / 3 s from the 7th day from sowing seeds during the transition to the beginning of photosynthesis gives an increase in biomass by 38.4% relative to seed germination in the dark and with an efficiency of 52.1% of the combined use of pulsed lighting with fertilizing with mineral nutrient solution. The efficiency of using mineral fertilizing was 9.6% relative to the use of option 1 (growing sprouts only with LED lighting in a pulsed mode).

Also, the proposed method, in contrast to the control, allows you to obtain sprouts of germinated seeds or microgreens containing photosynthetic pigments that have a biologically active effect and are of biological value when used in dietary and preventive nutrition. These are chlorophylls a and b, as well as pigments -provitamin of group A - carotenoids (table 2). No photosynthetic pigments are formed during germination in the dark.

The data obtained on the basis of a set of signs allow us to conclude that the germination of radish seeds by the proposed method using pulsed illumination of the proposed mode with LEDs of the polychrome spectrum in a climatic chamber with a single feeding on the 7th day from sowing of seeds allows to obtain seedlings and microgreens with increased biological value.

This can find application in breeding work, seed production for the selection of highly productive forms that are responsive to the selective effect of lighting both for photosynthesis and the intensification of heterotrophic nutrition processes during seed germination and in the development of new technologies for obtaining light crop seedlings and technologies for obtaining their microgreens for healthy nutrition.

Claims (1)

A method for intensifying the germination of radish seeds under pulsed illumination, including pulsed illumination, characterized in that on the 7th day of germination in the dark of radish seeds, seedlings are fed with a mineral solution of the composition (mg / l): N-NH ₄ - 0.5; P 4.1; K 27.5; Ca - 10.0; Mg - 2.4; S - 3.0; Fe - 0.094; Mn 0.014; B - 0.016; Cu - 0.003; Zn 0.013; Mo - 0,003 and more LED lights are irradiated at an intensity of photons generated by 140 micromol / m ² s with a pulse duration of 1 sec illumination and 3 pause darkness with polychromatic spectral characteristics: UV 380 nm - 1.5%, a blue 440 nm - 23, 8%, green 520-530 nm - 6%, red 640 nm - 61.5%, far red 740 nm - 7.2% from the 7th to the 14th day of round-the-clock illumination of seedlings until microgreens are obtained.