RU2734967C1 - Method for mounting spatial block of coating - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to construction, namely to a method of mounting a spatial building block. Method of mounting a spatial unit consisting of at least two crossbars, a roofing enclosure and four posts fixed on supports with possibility of rotation in the plane of the frame includes installation of crossbars and a roofing enclosure on the ground, lifting the unit to the design position with fastening of crossbars on the posts. Before lifting the unit is installed on the ground with displacement along the span relative to the supports. On long offset ends of crossbars there are stops installed, and crossbars are lifted from opposite side from installed stops by means of mounting mast, which includes winch with system of blocks and resting on block end face with possibility of support place sliding along mast. Racks are fixed on the raised side of the block, fixed to crossbars and hinged to the base. Mast is moved to the other end of the unit and its lifting is performed to the design position.

EFFECT: technical result consists in reduction of labour costs during installation.

3 cl, 17 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of construction and relates to pre-fabricated buildings for various purposes.

Self-lifting structures of various types are known, the installation of which is carried out by assembling the frame elements on the ground into fragments of a certain configuration, attaching winches with a system of blocks and then lifting the frame or its fragment to the design position. See, for example, RF patents

No. 2449093, priority 12.04.2010,

No. 2564292, priority 04/08/2014,

No. 2597216, priority 06/30/2015.

The disadvantage of the known solutions is the difficulty of installing the roofing on the ground, as well as the need to rearrange the winches and the block system, which is associated with additional labor and time. In addition, in the known solutions, in the initial stages of lifting, there can be a significant increase in the tractive effort on the winches.

The aim of the invention is to increase the industrial nature of installation and reduce its cost by eliminating the crane during the construction of the structure.

This goal is realized due to the fact that during the installation of a spatial covering block, consisting of at least two crossbars, a roof railing and four racks, fixed on supports with the possibility of turning in the plane of the frame formed by a pair of racks and a crossbar, including the installation of crossbars and a roof railing on the ground, lifting the block to the design position with securing the crossbars on the racks, characterized in that before lifting the block on the ground is installed with an offset along the span relative to the supports, moreover, stops are installed on the far offset ends of the crossbars, and the lifting is performed on the opposite side from the installed stops with using a mounting mast, pivotally attached to the ground, including a winch with a system of blocks and resting on the end of the block with the ability to slide the support point along the mast, then from the raised side of the block, install racks, attach them to the crossbars and pivotally to the base, the mounting mast is rearranged to the other end block and produce it o lifting to the design position with the installation of the remaining two racks and their fastening to the supports and the ends of the crossbars.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by the drawings, which schematically show:

figure 1 is a general view of the truss block in the design position, side view,

Fig. 2-12 shows the stage of lifting the block to the design position,

Fig. 13 is an end view of the truss block during lifting,

Figures 14-16 show the stages of lifting a building of three blocks using three mounting masts,

Fig. 17 shows diagrams of buildings that can be mounted using the proposed method.

The spatial covering unit includes at least two crossbars 1 (in Figures 1-16, crossbars in the form of trusses are shown as an example), roofing 2, posts 3.

On the ground, the truss block is installed with an offset Δ - relative to the supports 5, which are installed before installation. One of the supports 5 is equipped with a pivot joint 4 (Fig. 1).

The amount of displacement Δ - is determined by the expression:

where Δ is the displacement value;

L is the horizontal distance from the pivot joint 4 to the end of the crossbar;

H is the height of the location of the supported end of the crossbar in relation to the pivot hinge.

When assembling a block of trusses on the ground, stops 6 are arranged at the ends of the trusses, designed to exclude horizontal displacements. These stops can be made in the form of two plates attached to the nearest support.

Further, at the opposite end of the block, a mounting mast is installed at its end, including a pivot support 7, a winch 8 attached to the barrel 9 of the lifting device. The support 7 of the mounting mast is fixed to the ground, for example, with the help of anchors 14. The cable 10 from the winch 8 through the block 11 at the end of the shaft 9 is connected to the structure to be mounted and its end (using the winch 8) is raised to the height required by the project for the installation of two racks 3.

Due to the low weight (no more than 30 kg), the installation of the racks and the mounting mast is done manually.

After installing the racks 3, fixing them on the supports and at the points of abutment to the girders, the mounting mast is dismantled and transferred to the opposite end of the structure in order to continue the lifting process.

Here, as in the previous process, the ends of the crossbars are raised to a height sufficient for the installation of the posts. After installing the racks, fixing them on the supports and at the abutments to the ends of the crossbars, the lifting mast is dismantled.

In both cases, the joining of the racks to the ends of the crossbars is performed in the form of a rigid node.

The static diagram of the spatial block during the installation process represents a three-articulated arch. In this case, one of the semi-arches is the mounting mast, and the place of its contact with the end of the structure to be lifted (the second semi-arch) serves as the middle hinge moving along the length of the mast.

The stability of the structure during installation is ensured

- the presence of stops at the ends of the crossbars (in the initial stage),

- hinged fastening of the raised structure on the supports,

- fixing the contact of the mounting mast along the width of the end of the structure being lifted. At the ends of the structure to be lifted there are diaphragms 13 to which guide plates 18 are attached on both sides of the mounting mast 9.

Using the proposed installation method allows:

- abandon the crane,

- to minimize work at height, which allows improving the quality of roofing work and ensuring their safety.

When installing in blocks, it is necessary to make rigid joints of the mating of the girders with the uprights at a height and seal the seams between the blocks on the roof. Figures 14-16 show an example of the simultaneous installation of a three-block building. In this case, all roofing work is carried out practically on the ground.

The use of stacked uprights allows to reduce the height of the work from the ground, which increases the safety of workers.

Claims (3)

1. A method of mounting a spatial block of a covering, consisting of at least two crossbars, a roofing fence and four posts, fixed on supports with the possibility of turning in the plane of the frame formed by a pair of posts and a crossbar, including the installation of crossbars and a roofing fence on the ground, lifting the block into the design position with the fastening of the crossbars on the racks, characterized in that before lifting the block on the ground is installed with an offset along the span relative to the supports, moreover, stops are installed at the far offset ends of the crossbars, and the lifting is performed on the opposite side of the installed stops using a mounting mast, hinged to the ground, including a winch with a system of blocks and resting on the end of the block with the ability to slide the bearing point along the mast, then, from the raised side of the block, install racks, attach them to the crossbars and pivotally to the base, the mounting mast is rearranged to the other end of the block and lifted into the design position with installation the rest of the two racks and their fastening to the supports and the ends of the crossbars. 2. A method of mounting a spatial coating unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the installation is carried out simultaneously by several coating units along the length of the building. 3. A method of mounting a spatial coating unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the racks are made of at least two height sections.

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