RU2734619C1 - Mobile platform for slaughtering - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, in particular, to mobile complex for slaughtering and primary processing of cattle and horses in conditions of Extreme North. Complex has production facilities located in one housing and intended for slaughter shop slaughtering and processing (production of meat products and delicatessen in mini-productions). Universal mobile slaughtering platform makes it possible to disassemble it for transportation in a short period of time. most units are mounted on anchor bolts.EFFECT: invention usage will allow to increase the slaughter shop processing quality.1 cl, 1 tbl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to abattoir, namely to the design of mobile slaughterhouses intended for slaughter and primary processing of animals, for the slaughter of cattle (cattle) and horses in the North (taking into account the physiological characteristics of animals) 3 ill.

Slaughter and primary processing of farm animals in our country are mainly carried out at meat processing plants, slaughterhouses, slaughterhouses and equipped areas of livestock farms. In addition, animals are processed in the production workshops of livestock complexes, cowsheds, pigsties, sheds, corrals and pastures. Household slaughter and processing of animals are widespread. However, all of the listed additional places are unacceptable, since they do not meet basic veterinary and sanitary requirements. Unfortunately, today about 10% of slaughtered animals are processed in unsuitable places. Naturally, all this leads to an increase in infectious diseases and a significant deterioration in product quality. At the same time, at present, meat is the main source of proteins, animal fats, minerals and other substances necessary for the normal functioning of the human body. The role of meat is especially great as the main and practically the only source of the above substances in areas with a harsh and unfavorable climate, not suitable for crop production, in particular the Far North. However, the quality of meat, its nutritional value and technological properties are in direct and immediate dependence on the methods of slaughter and primary processing of slaughter animals used. As already mentioned, both in our country and abroad, the bulk of farm animals are slaughtered and processed at meat processing plants or stationary slaughterhouses. Currently, a number of projects have been developed for such stations with a productivity of 5-7-10-25 heads per shift. Regardless of the project, the same requirements are imposed on the slaughterhouse. He must ensure veterinary and sanitary control during the slaughter of animals and veterinary and sanitary examination of meat products, prevent the release of low-quality products, protect human health, and prevent the spread of diseases among animals.

The simplest and most affordable for most farms is a stationary slaughterhouse of the 59-103K series with a capacity of 5 7 heads per shift. At this point, you can process animals of all types intended for meat. It has a building size of 18.5 × 9.5 m and consists of a slaughterhouse, a skin-curing, intestinal, cooling section, a freibank, an Expedition, a boiler room, a wardrobe, and a vestibule. The project was developed taking into account the vertical method of animal processing. In it, the slaughter department is located in the center of the building, and all auxiliary rooms are located around the main department. On the outside of the building, opposite the intestinal compartment, a canyge pit is made to collect the contents of the stomach and intestines, which is connected to the pipeline [1].

Of the mechanized slaughterhouses, the most widespread are slaughterhouses with a capacity of 10 heads per shift. Slaughterhouses with a capacity of 10 heads per shift are being built according to three projects: with a sausage shop and a refrigerator for 10 tons; with a sausage shop and a refrigerator with a capacity of 20 and without a sausage shop with a refrigerator for 10 tons [1, p. nine]

All of the above points have stationary production buildings, which house the main workshops and auxiliary departments, as well as utility rooms and a boiler room. These slaughterhouses have the highest estimated cost and require highly developed infrastructure.

As a rule, animals are delivered to such slaughterhouses by rail. However, the transportation of slaughter animals, in addition to the high cost, is a rather complex organizational and technical measure that requires a very clear organization. In addition, even with skillful organization and strict adherence to all sanitary rules, transportation has the most adverse effect on the physical condition of animals, often leading to stress. At the same time, the quality of meat significantly depends on the state in which the animal arrived at the meat processing station [2]. Physical fatigue, fear, excitement and other factors that inevitably accompany any transportation, cause increased blood flow to the muscles and retain it in the vessels, which leads to incomplete exsanguination during slaughter [3]. Poorly bled meat has an unpleasant dark color with a bluish tinge, low quality during processing and is a good breeding ground for the development of various, including putrid microflora [4].

Thus, it can be seen that, despite certain indisputable advantages of stationary slaughterhouses, in particular, a high level of mechanization of labor-intensive operations, deep processing of slaughter animals, good living conditions, etc. they also have serious disadvantages, which exclude their use in areas with undeveloped infrastructure, for pasture farming, etc. conditions in the regions of the Far North.

The universal mobile slaughtering platform allows you to slaughter cattle in a short time in compliance with veterinary and sanitary standards.

The territory of the slaughterhouse is fenced off, excluding the possibility of animals entering. At the entrance and exit to the territory of the slaughterhouse, disinfection barriers filled with disinfection are arranged. solution. The point is provided with drinking-quality water from the water supply network or artesian wells in sufficient quantity. In the yard, a platform with a leash or splits is arranged, where the animals are overexposed and subjected to a pre-slaughter veterinary examination. For the collection of manure and canals, tight sealed containers with well-closing lids should be arranged, in addition, the production premises should be provided with the necessary drains, ending with slurry pans available for cleaning and disinfection. The contents of the slurry ponds are detoxified on site prior to removal by chlorination, and manure and kanyga - biothermal at the site of removal. At the same time, animals are less stressed. With the help of a mobile slaughter site, you can plan the timing of slaughter of cattle and horses in remote uluses convenient for farms.

FIG. 1 shows a diagram of the pre-slaughter keeping of animals (for the reception and maintenance of animals before slaughter, for veterinary examination of animals, as well as the acceptance and maintenance of animals suspected of acute infectious diseases).

FIG. 2 shows the design of a slaughterhouse.

FIG. 3 shows the layout of the technological complex for the slaughter and deep processing of farm animals.

According to the project, all production units of the slaughtering site are located in one building.

After passing through the quarantine zone, the animal goes to stunning box 1 where its immobility is ensured and stunning is performed using a powder device for stunning cattle. Stunning occurs due to the exit of the rod from the body of the device under the action of the propellant gases of a standard construction squib of 6.8 mm caliber, piercing the animal's skull and brain damage, leading to anaphylactic shock, loss of consciousness in animals and decreased mobility. In this case, the activity of the heart muscle remains. After that, the fighter opens the lock and, under the influence of the weight of the animal, the half-slide turns. The animal rolls to the floor, and the slime under the influence of the counterweight, and the side wall is manually returned to its original position and fixed with a lock.

The stunned animal with the help of an electric hoist 4 is suspended by its hind legs, after which it is exsanguinated and whitewashed, while the carcass is in an upright position. The blood is collected in a pit and used to make boiled feed. Carcasses are cleaned from platform 2. The carcass is suspended on hooks located on the overhead track, after which the head and limbs are separated. With the help of the skinning drum 3, the skin of the animal is removed. The insides are unloaded onto a table with a slime, where the initial examination of the internal organs takes place. If an infection is suspected, the carcass is taken along a suspended path to the veterinary quarantine zone, where it is subjected to a more thorough examination and study. The carcasses of healthy animals are transported along a suspended path to a lifting and lowering platform on which a saw is located, which, using an R3-FRP electric saw, cuts the carcass into two parts in the longitudinal direction. The half carcasses are further fed for weighing using the electronic scales Mono-300/600 and then for cooling.

Additionally, the universal mobile platform is equipped with the following equipment: a weighing hoist (5), a grooving table (6), a lifting and lowering platform for cutting carcasses into half carcasses (7), a conveyor with trolleys (8), monorail electronic scales (9), a cooling zone carcasses (10), a container for collecting blood (11), a trolley (12), a bath for washing intestines and stomachs (13), a boiler for preparing hot water (14), a sink (15), a water supply system (16) , containers for kanyga briquetting (17), a cremator for the disposal of veterinary confiscated goods (18), an office (19).

Table 1 lists the equipment.

Sources of information

1. Zhitenko. PV Ustimenko. L.I. and Repin. V.M. Organization of the slaughter of farm animals. M. Rosselkhozizdat, 1980

2. Gorobets, A.D. Influence of the pre-slaughter state of cattle on the degree of glycogen accumulation in the muscles and the shelf life of meat. Abstract of dissertation for the degree of candidate of veterinary sciences. Bila Tserkva Agricultural Institute of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Ukrainian SSR, Belaya Tserkov, 1980

3. Dembo, I.A. Study of the quality of meat depending on the pre-slaughter state of animals and various methods of slaughter. Report at the meeting of the Scientific Medical Society on November 15, 1995. Journal "Experimental Research", N11.

4. Gudzovsky, G.A. Study of the variability of muscle proteins in the process of maturation and spoilage of meat. Abstract of the dissertation for the degree of candidate of medical sciences. Kyrgyz State Institute, Frunze, 1954

Claims (1)

A mobile slaughter complex designed for slaughter and primary processing of cattle and horses in the Far North, characterized by the fact that it has the following production facilities located in one building: stunning unit (1), platform (2) for slaughtering carcasses, skinning drum (3), an electric hoist (4) for hanging carcasses by the hind legs, a hoist (5) for weighing, a gutter table (6), a lifting and lowering platform (7) for cutting carcasses, a conveyor (8) with trolleys, an electronic monorail scales ( 15), a water supply system (16), a container (17) for canyga briquetting, a crematorium (18) for the disposal of veterinary confiscated goods, an office (19).

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