RU2729984C1 - Mechanized line of corncobs cleaning and sorting - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the agriculture. Mechanized line of corn cobs cleaning and sorting comprises corn cob receiving bin with inclined belt conveyor, metering belt conveyor with openings equipped with moving partitions, storage hoppers having movable bottom in the form of conveyor and connected to the windows of the dosing belt conveyor, corncob husker, comprising the pairs of the corncob husker rolls, the separator, the sorting table with the belt-aligned standard cobs adjoining it and the belt conveyor for the off-grade cobs, metering belt conveyor located perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the corncob husker excavators, the pairs of the corncob husker rolls being provided with pairs of additional rollers arranged under the pairs of corncob huskers and consisting of shafts, on which are installed in staggered order relative to each other bushing with projections, between which spacers are located, and the shafts of the additional rollers are kinematically connected to the corncob husker rollers, the separator is installed between the pairs of the corncob husker rollers and pairs of additional rollers.EFFECT: invention makes it possible to intensify corncobs postharvest treatment.1 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural engineering, namely, to technological equipment for processing corn cobs after harvesting.

Known stationary mechanized station for post-harvest processing of corn, including a receiving hopper, ear cleaner, bulkhead table, ear thresher, ventilated hopper, heat generator, conveyors, grain cleaning unit or grain cleaning and drying complex (Stationary mechanized station PMU-15 for post-harvest corn processing book Khalansky V.M., Gorbachev I.V. Agricultural machines. - M .: KolosS, 2004. - S. 414-415).

The disadvantages of the known stationary mechanized station for post-harvest processing of corn are low productivity and low efficiency, and as a consequence, low intensification of the process of post-harvest processing of corn cobs.

These disadvantages are due to the following. The well-known stationary mechanized station includes only one ear cleaner. As a result, the technological operation of removing wrapping leaves from the cobs limits the productivity of the entire stationary mechanized station.

Loading wrapping leaves into a trailer requires stopping the cob cleaner while replacing a full trailer with an empty one. This reduces the performance of the ear cleaner and the entire stationary mechanized station.

Loading the wrapping leaves into a trailer, unlike, for example, shredded wrapping leaves, is not economical. The density of the wrapping leaves in the filled trailer is low. If you do not apply a special operation - the compaction of the wrapping leaves in the body, then the trailer is filled with a relatively small amount of wrapping leaves. As a result, the number of flights for the transport of wrapping leaves is increasing. It is not economical.

When the working bodies and corn cobs collide, a certain number of grains collapse, that is, they are released from the cobs. This collapsed grain is not collected, but only part of it falls into the trailer along with the wrapping leaves. It is not economical. Thus, collecting wrappers and hulled grains is not efficient.

The presence of a pneumatic line for loading wrapping leaves into a trailer complicates the design of a stationary mechanized station.

At a well-known stationary mechanized station, the ripened ears are thrown from the bulkhead table by workers to the ground. An additional operation is required - their collection for disposal. This ultimately reduces the productivity of the stationary mechanized station.

Known is a mechanized line for cleaning and sorting corn cobs, containing a number of receiving bins for unpeeled ears with an adjacent inclined belt conveyor, a number of cob cleaners, sorting tables parallel to each other, made in the form of belt conveyors, coupled with belt conveyors for substandard seeds, and on the other sides - with a belt conveyor for conditioned cobs and a storage hopper, a belt conveyor for a heap located under the snapper cleaners, the unloading end of which is adjacent to the receiving end of an inclined belt conveyor for a heap and substandard cobs, a heap chopper, and each sorting table is equipped with an unloading end installed at its unloading end a lattice tray, under which the receiving end of the belt conveyor for substandard cobs is located, while its unloading end is located above the belt conveyor for the heap, belt conveyors for substandard cobs are located under the sorting flax tables, and belt conveyors for conditioned cobs - along the unloading ends of these tables (Patent for invention RU No. 2015639, IPC ⁶ A01D 45/02, 1994).

The disadvantages of the well-known mechanized line for cleaning and sorting corn cobs are low productivity and high material consumption.

These disadvantages are due to the following. In the known mechanized line, the snapper and the crop chopper are connected by an inclined belt conveyor, a storage hopper and an unloading device. As a result, it takes time to move the crop to the chopper. This reduces the productivity of the well-known mechanized line for cleaning and sorting corn cobs and increases its material consumption.

A part of the well-known mechanized line for cleaning and sorting corn cobs of a stationary mechanized station for post-harvest corn processing, the equipment is not compactly located. A sorting table is installed behind each snapper, and the longitudinal axis of the pickers coincides with the longitudinal axis of the sorting tables. In addition, the mechanized line contains a number of receiving hoppers with its own inclined belt conveyor adjacent to each of them. This design complicates the mechanized line and increases its material consumption. This additionally increases the time and labor intensity of cleaning the working bodies of the known stationary mechanized station from grain when switching from the processing of one variety or hybrid of corn to another.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result to the declared mechanized line for cleaning and sorting corn cobs is a mechanized line for cleaning and sorting corn cobs, containing a receiving hopper for cobs with an adjacent inclined belt conveyor, a dosing belt conveyor with windows equipped with movable partitions, storage bins with a movable bottom in the form of a lamellar conveyor, and snapper cleaners connected to the windows of the metering belt conveyor, a rotary drum separator, a sorting table with an adjacent belt conveyor for conditioned cobs and a belt conveyor for substandard cobs, while the metering belt is located perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the maize pickers, and the sorting table parallel. ([Electronic resource] / access mode: http://www.serbiaproduct.rs/ru/ - prototype).

The disadvantages of the well-known mechanized line for cleaning and sorting corn cobs, taken as a prototype, are low productivity and low efficiency.

These disadvantages are due to the following. In a known mechanized line for cleaning and sorting corn cobs, the rotary drum separator is located separately from the cob cleaners. Therefore, it takes time to deliver the crop mass to the drum rotary separator, which reduces the productivity of the known mechanized line and ultimately restrains the intensification of post-harvest processing of corn cobs.

In the known mechanized line there is no shredder of plant matter (wrapping leaves and stem fragments). Loading the plant mass into a trailer, unlike, for example, shredded plant mass, is not economical. The density of the wrapping leaves in the filled trailer is low. If you do not apply a special operation - the compaction of the wrapping leaves in the body, then the trailer is filled with a relatively small amount of wrapping leaves. As a result, the number of flights for the transport of wrapping leaves is increasing. It is not economical.

The technical result is the intensification of post-harvest processing of corn cobs.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in a mechanized line for cleaning and sorting corn cobs, containing a receiving hopper for cobs with an adjacent inclined belt conveyor, a dosing belt conveyor with windows equipped with movable partitions, storage bins having a movable bottom in the form of a conveyor and connected with windows of a dosing belt conveyor, snapper cleaners, including pairs of snapping rollers, a separator, a sorting table with an adjacent belt conveyor for conditioned cobs and a belt conveyor for substandard cobs, a dosing belt conveyor, located perpendicular to the pair of cob scrapers, pairs of additional rollers located under the pairs of snapping rollers and consisting of shafts on which bushings with protrusions are fixed in a staggered manner relative to each other, between which there are disputable bushings, and the shafts of the additional rollers are kinematically connected to the snapping rollers, the separator is installed between the pairs of snapping rollers and the pairs of additional rollers, made in the form of a screw conveyor, and the peripheral part of the screw is made with cutouts, the groove of the screw conveyor in the lower part has through holes, and on outlet is an unloading window, and the movable bottom of the storage bins is made in the form of a chain-scraper conveyor, the fixed chute of which is made perforated with a through-hole diameter in the range of 8 ... 10 mm, the movable bottom of the storage bins is made with a cantilever section equal to 2.5 ... 3.0 m and adjacent to the snapper.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by drawings. FIG. 1 shows schematically the claimed mechanized line for cleaning and sorting corn cobs, top view; in fig. 2 is also a side view in FIG. 1; in fig. 3 - also, the remote element A in Fig. 2; in fig. 4 - also, section b-b in fig. 3; in fig. 5 - also, the remote element B in Fig. 4; in fig. 6. the remote element D in FIG. 1; in fig. 7 is a fragment of a pair of additional rollers, in perspective.

For the sake of clarity, only those details are presented in the drawings that are necessary to understand the essence of the technical solution, and related elements well known to those skilled in the art are not shown.

The claimed mechanized line for cleaning and sorting corn cobs includes a receiving hopper 1 for the cobs and an adjacent inclined belt conveyor 2, docked with the receiving part of a metering belt conveyor 3, located perpendicular to the inclined belt conveyor 2 (Fig. 1 and Fig. 2). The dosing belt conveyor 3 is equipped with storage bins 4 and has windows 5 through which it is connected to storage bins 4. Windows 5 have movable partitions 6, fixed on hinges 7. The position of the movable partitions 6 is set by the operator. Behind the storage hoppers 4 there is a number of snapping cleaners 8, the number of which corresponds to the number of storage hoppers 4. The snapping cleaners 8 include working bodies in the form of pairs of snapping rollers 9, above which the pressure beaters 10 are located (Fig. 3). The maize pickers 8 are connected by the sorting table 11, which has work places for the sorting operators. Sorting table 11 is made in the form of a tape container (Fig. 1). Under the sorting table 11 there is a belt conveyor 12 (Fig. 2) for substandard cobs, and the unloading end of the sorting table 11 is located above the belt conveyor 13 (Fig. 1).

Under the pairs of snapping rollers 9 of the snapping 8 are located pairs of additional rollers 14 (Fig. 3 and Fig. 4). Additional rollers 14 include shafts 15, bushings with lugs 16 (Fig. 7) and spacer bushings 17. Bushings with lugs 16 and spacer bushings 17 are located in pairs of additional rollers 14 in a staggered manner. The shafts 15 of the additional rollers 14 are kinematically connected by means of a chain transmission 18 to the snapping rollers 9.

The separator 19 is installed between the pairs of snapping rollers 9 and the pairs of additional rollers 14, made in the form of a screw conveyor 20, containing a screw 21 located in the chute 22 (Fig. 3 and Fig. 4). Moreover, the peripheral part of the screw 21 is made with cutouts 23, and the groove 22 of the screw conveyor in the lower part has through holes 24, and at the outlet - an unloading window 25 (Fig. 3 and Fig. 5).

The movable bottom 26 of the storage bins 4 is made in the form of a chain-scraper conveyor 27, the fixed chute 2 8 of which is perforated with a diameter of through holes 29 in the range of 8 ... 10 mm (Fig. 6). The movable bottom 26 of the storage bins 4 is made with a cantilever section equal to 2.5 ... 3.0 m long and adjacent to the snapper 8 (Fig. 2).

Under the snapper 8 there is a belt conveyor 30, a similar end, which is located above the belt conveyor 31. A similar end of the belt conveyor 31 is located above the conveyor 32 (Fig. 1).

The removable flap 33, located under the separator 19, is installed in the slots 34. The removable flap 33 can be installed in position I and position II (Fig. 3). In position I of the removable flap 33, the hulled grain enters the additional rollers 14, and in position II, the hulled grain enters the additional hopper. The additional hopper is not shown in the diagram.

Under the additional rollers 14, a removable flap 35 is installed in the grooves 36 (Fig. 3).

The declared mechanized line for cleaning and sorting corn cobs works as follows. Harvested by corn harvesters, the harvest of corn cobs in wrapping leaves, delivered from the field, is unloaded into the receiving hopper 1 for the cobs, from where the inclined belt conveyor 2 feeds the cobs to the metering belt conveyor 3. The metering belt conveyor 3 alternately overlaps the guiding partitions 6, wrapping leaves through the windows 5 into the storage hopper 4. Chain-scraper conveyors 27 feed the cobs onto pairs of cob-cleaning rollers 9, which, with the help of pressure beaters 10, clean the cobs from the wrapping leaves. The peeled ears are delivered from the corn cleaners 8 to the sorting table 11. The sorters remove the wrapper from the under-cleaned ears and select the substandard ears (diseased and atypical) and dump them onto the 12 for substandard ears. Conditioning cobs from the sorting table 11, go to the belt conveyor 13, and then for further processing.

When the working bodies and the ears of corn collide, for example, when the ears are loaded into the receiving hopper 1 for the ears, a certain number of grains collapse, that is, they are separated from the ears. This collapsed grain, falling into the storage hopper 4 along with the cobs, separates through the through holes 2 9 of the fixed chutes 28 of the chain-scraper conveyors 27 and is fed to the unloading conveyor 32 (Fig. 2 and Fig. 6).

In the process of cleaning the cobs from the wrapping leaves by the cob-cleaning rollers 9 of the cob 8, vegetable impurities (wrapping leaves and stem fragments) and the crumbled grain enter the separator 19 (Fig. 5). In the separator 19, the vegetable impurities move in the chute 22 by the screw 21. The collapsed grain is separated from the vegetable impurities and, falling into the cutouts 23 (Fig. 4 and Fig. 5), moves more slowly than the vegetable impurities and separates through the openings 24. The vegetable impurities are removed from the separator through the unloading window 25 (Fig. 5) falls on additional rollers 14 (Fig. 3 and Fig. 4) and is crushed. Moreover, additional rollers 14 grind plant impurities significantly different in size and mass characteristics (wrapping leaves, stem fragments, corn grain) (Fig. 7). Additional rollers 14 replace the working bodies for crushing the leafy mass and the working bodies for grinding grain. This increases the compactness of the mechanized line. The shredded plant mass is fed to a belt conveyor 30, then to a belt conveyor 31 and a belt conveyor 32 (Fig. 1).

When it is necessary to obtain separately crushed crumbled grain and crushed vegetable impurities, a removable shutter 33 is installed in the slots 34 so that all the crushed grain from the separator 19 goes to additional rollers 14. In addition, a removable shutter 35 is installed in the slots 36 (Fig. 3). In this case, the collapsed grain and vegetable impurities are crushed by additional rollers 14 on opposite sides of the removable shutter 3 6 and unloaded separately.

When it is necessary to obtain a mixture of crushed hulled grain and crushed vegetable impurities, the removable shutter 35 is removed, and the technological operations proceed similarly to those described above.

If it is necessary to obtain whole collapsed grain and crushed vegetable impurities, then the position of the removable shutter 35 (Fig. 3) is changed and the collapsed grain does not enter additional rollers 14 and is not crushed. Only vegetable impurities are crushed.

The use of the invention will increase the productivity of the mechanized line for cleaning and sorting corn cobs and, as a result, intensify the post-harvest processing of corn cobs, increase the compactness of the mechanized line for cleaning and sorting corn cobs.

Claims (1)

A mechanized line for cleaning and sorting corn cobs, containing a receiving hopper for cobs with an adjacent inclined belt conveyor, a dosing belt conveyor with windows equipped with movable partitions, storage bins having a movable bottom in the form of a conveyor and connected to the windows of the dosing belt conveyor, maize , including pairs of snapping rollers, a separator, a sorting table with an adjacent belt conveyor for conditioned cobs and a belt conveyor for substandard cobs, a metering belt conveyor located perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the snapping cleaners, characterized in that the pairs of cobs are arranged with pairs of additional rollers by pairs of snapping rollers and consisting of shafts, on which bushings with protrusions are fixed in a staggered manner relative to each other, between which spacers are located, and the shafts of additional rollers are kinematically connected to the snapping rollers, the separator is installed between the pairs of snapping rollers and pairs of additional rollers, made in the form of a screw conveyor, and the peripheral part of the screw is made with cutouts, the chute of the screw conveyor in the lower part has through holes, and at the outlet there is an unloading window, and a movable bottom The storage bins are made in the form of a chain-scraper conveyor, the fixed chute of which is made perforated with a through-hole diameter in the range of 8 ... 10 mm, the movable bottom of the storage bins is made with a cantilever section equal to 2.5 ... 3.0 m long and adjacent to snapper.

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