RU2727312C1 - Method for development of grassland forest belts from natural regeneration in steppe zone - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture and is applicable on deposits with strong soil degradation and not subject to return to arable land, and used as a pasture, having natural seed renewal of protective forest belts in drying condition from stocky elm. To form replacing or new protective forest plantations of seed resumption of stocky elm on deposits it is advisable to use maximally developed adolescence with height of 1.5–2.0 m and more. 2–3 rows of seeds are formed from seed renewal. For this purpose, corridors with width of 1.5–2 m are laid in bulge undergrowths by marker with leaving strips of wood-shrubby vegetation on sides of corridor. Width of strips should be 1–1.5 m. In newly created substituting protective forest belts there performed is tillage till number of individuals is equal to 1.5–1.7 thousand pcs/ha and harrowing in rows between rows. As the stocky elk grows squat in replacement strips, repeated rows are cut. Number of trunks per 1 ha of the forest strip after repeated thinning shall be 1.3–1.6 thousand pieces. When re-cutting is carried out, the crown closeness during the whole life of the plantations shall be equal to 0.7. Annual grass mowing is performed on pasture in fall period. This technological operation prevents growth of stocky elm and their generative state.EFFECT: use of the invention will make it possible to create a system of grassland forest belts, as well as to increase productive capacity of pastures on agricultural lands.1 cl

Description

The proposed invention relates to agriculture and can be used for reclamation of pastures in the steppe zone of Central Siberia. In Russia, the area of fallow lands reaches 40 million hectares [1], in the south of Central Siberia - 1.1 million hectares [2]. Fallow lands with severe soil degradation cannot be returned to agricultural use and are suitable for use as pastures. Herbaceous cover on the pasture, the production process of grazing need reclamation protection, improvement of ecological and microclimatic conditions. For these purposes, pasture protection belts are being created.

The restoration of fallow lands occurs naturally, while primary virgin herbaceous vegetation appears on the abandoned lands. If on spontaneously conserved lands a system of field-protective forest belts (PZLP), capable of seed production, was created, then two processes simultaneously take place: turfing and the appearance of natural seed renewal of trees and shrubs.

Overgrowth of arable land occurs with gray alder, common aspen, willow, warty birch in mesophytic conditions, pine [1, 3], squat elm, sea buckthorn in xerophytic conditions [4, 5].

From the existing natural seed renewal, it is possible to create new protective belts if they did not exist before or if those growing on the territory dry up or have already died. As you know, the duration of some trees in the steppe zone is short and is 25-50 years [6]. Therefore, the creation of new protective bands with periodic regularity is necessary. For this purpose, it is possible to use the natural seed renewal that appears on fallow lands. That is, this method of creating protective forest belts is beneficial in that there is no need to grow planting material, prepare the soil, invest in planting seedlings.

Closest to the proposed invention is a method of creating pasture agrophytocenoses on virgin and fallow lands and their biomelioration [7]. The method consists in wide-row sowing of seeds of shrubs and semi-shrubs (teresken mixed with other semi-shrubs) in the late autumn-winter period, followed by over-sowing seeds of forage crops in the aisles of protective strips. Since this method proposes to use only shrubs and semi-shrubs as protection zones, the efficiency of reducing the speed of wind flow and other environment-improving protection properties will be significantly less compared to such protection zones where trees of the main species of the 1st size are used.

The proposed invention is applicable to fallow lands with severe soil degradation and not subject to return to agricultural use and having natural seed regeneration or a system of already existing protective forest belts in a drying state from a stock elm. The invention is aimed at reducing the energy consumption of creating and maintaining protective replacing forest belts, at maintaining the grass stand in the pasture in a clean state. For this, it is proposed to use the natural regeneration existing on the deposits, for this it is necessary to carry out appropriate work to create the optimal number and density of crowns in the protective zones.

For the formation of replacement or new protective forest plantations from the seed renewal of the stocky elm on fallow lands, it is advisable to use the most developed undergrowth 2.5-3.0 m and more in height, (it is possible to use 1.5-2.0 m, growing, as a rule, continuous stripe in the immediate vicinity of the mother protection strips). Form 2-3 rows of strips from seed renewal. For this purpose, corridors 1.5-2 m wide are laid in the undergrowth clumps along the previously outlined straight marker line, leaving strips of trees and shrubs along the sides of the corridor. The width of the strips should be 1-1.5 m. With a self-seeding height of up to 1 m, the corridors are formed by the bush-bog plow PBN-75, and if the height of the tree-bush vegetation exceeds 1.5 m, then by the bush-bog plow PBN-100A.

In the created bands, the crown density of shrubby-woody vegetation can reach high values - 0.8-1.0. In the newly created replacing protective forest belts, it is necessary to carry out felling (thinning) and maintenance work in the aisles (harrowing). The approximate number of trunks per 1 hectare of the forest strip after thinning should be 1.5-1.7 thousand pieces. Thinning takes place in the middle and second half of summer. As the replacement strips grow, it is necessary to carry out repeated felling (clearing) in rows, 2-5 years after the first felling, or annually with a high density of individuals. The approximate number of trunks per 1 hectare of the forest strip after repeated thinning should be 1.3-1.6 thousand pieces. When re-felling is carried out, the crown density in the stands should not fall below 0.7. The optimal crown density throughout the life of the plantations should be 0.7.

Since adult elm stands, young individuals from five to seven years of age bear fruit, an important point is the fight against the appearance of annual seed renewal. As a preventive measure against elm shoots and existing undergrowth, the annual mowing of the grass stand in the pasture in the autumn period (young annual shoots of the squat elm are mowed well). This technological operation has a positive effect on: the removal of weeds in the pasture, prevention of the appearance of old people for the next year, the removal of annually growing annual shoots, thereby preventing the growth of individuals of the stocky elm and their achievement of a generative state.

The method is suitable for creating a system of forest shelter belts to increase the productivity of pastures on agricultural lands.

LIST OF REFERENCES

1. Kaplun A. Celina: how and how to raise it // Agrarian Review - 2011. - №3 - (25). - S. 20-21.

2. Savostyanov V.K. The use of agricultural land in the arid conditions of the south of Central Siberia for farming: recommendations - Abakan: publishing house of KSU im. N.F. Katanova, 2009 - 12 p.

3. Ivanov A.I., Ivanova Zh.A., Rizhia E.Ya., Arkhipov M.V., Sokolov I.V., Vyazovsky A.A. The efficiency of the secondary development of forage lands in the conditions of the Tosno lowland // Agriculture - 2019. - №3. - P.7-11.

4. Martynova M.A. Peculiarities of seed regeneration of Ulmus pumila L. on spontaneously conserved arable lands of the steppe zone of Khakassia // Bulletin of Kazan State Agrarian University - 2018. - No. 4 (51) - P. 61-65.

5. Soil-protective technology of soil cultivation in the arid steppe zone of the Republic of Khakassia: method. allowance. - Abakan: LLC Brigantina Book Publishing House, 2019. - 20 p.

6. Agroforestry research in the USSR for 1961-1976: inform. messages. - Issue. 10 (66), Vologograd. - 1971.

7. RF patent No. 225903 published on August 27, 2005. Method for the formation of agrophytocenoses of virgin and fallow lands

Claims (1)

A method of creating pasture protective forest belts from the natural renewal of the stocky elm in the steppe zone, characterized by the fact that 2-3 rows of seed renewal bands of the steppe elm are formed on the pasture with laying in the clumps of undergrowth along the marker of corridors 1.5-2 m wide and leaving on the sides strips of trees and shrubs with a width of 1-1.5 m, while regular cleaning of plantings is carried out to achieve optimal crown density throughout the life of the plantations, equal to 0.7, and the number of trunks per 1 ha of forest belt, equal to 1.3- 1.6 thousand pcs./ha, in addition, annual mowing of the grass stand is carried out, which prevents the growth of stocky elm individuals and their achievement of a generative state.