RU2726580C1 - Coastal missile system - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: military equipment.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to mobile weapon systems of coastal basing and can be used both independently, and as a part of division for application of rocket impact (single or salvo) on ships (connections of ships) or coastal targets at protection of coast or ground targets. Onshore missile system comprises several self-propelled location launchers (SPLL), as well as machines for accommodating auxiliary facilities. At that, each of the SPLL machines includes a launcher (L) with a start control system, a target designation radar, communication and data communication facilities, automatic topography and orientation devices, as well as a firing complex control system. Functional interaction of fixed facilities of SPLL is automated and is carried out via high-speed transmission lines.EFFECT: technical result is broader functional capabilities, higher combat stability and reduced cost of ownership of the system while maintaining high degree of unification.5 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to land-based mobile weapons systems and can be used both independently and as part of a battalion for launching a missile strike (single or salvo) on ships (ship formations) or coastal targets when protecting the coast or ground targets. It is known from the development of technology and weapons that modern coastal anti-ship missile systems (SCRC) are carried out in a mobile version and are autonomous systems capable of independently detecting targets, tracking them and delivering missile strikes. In general, the SCRC contain [1]:

- launchers of missile weapons with a launch control system (hereinafter referred to as launchers, PU),

- means of reconnaissance and target designation (hereinafter - means of control center),

- means of communication and data exchange (hereinafter - means of ODS),

- means of automatic topographic location and orientation (hereinafter TPiO means),

- fire control system of the complex (hereinafter - USK system),

- auxiliary means (means of autonomous power supply, means of transporting missiles and charging launchers, etc.).

The main and auxiliary means are placed on a self-propelled chassis or trailers.

Known coastal missile system based on the anti-ship missile "Otomat" Mk-1 (France, Italy) [1]. The battery consists of a command and fire compartment. The command department has four vehicles containing: a fire control station, a TRS3410 radar (on a trailer), an optical equipment station and a test checkpoint. The fire compartment has seven vehicles with a wheelbase: four are equipped with paired launchers, one has a launcher preparation and testing station, one launcher reloading station with a crane, and one transport station designed to carry eight spare missiles. Communication between the machines is carried out using VHF radio stations.

Thus, the fixed assets of the complex are allocated to:

- the machine of the fire control point - containing the USK system;

- a car with a radar and a car of optical means - containing the means of control center;

- self-propelled launchers containing launchers, and all machines contain SOD based on VHF radio stations.

The disadvantages of the complex are:

- a small degree of unification of the complex (a large nomenclature of the complex composition). The fixed assets of the complex are located on self-propelled units of four types.

- low speed of data exchange about control center between machines. The complex contains radiotelephone communication, which practically excludes the operational mutual exchange of data on the control center.

- a long time for bringing the results of the control center to rocket weapons, associated with a complex control system, including the mutual exchange of information (between the machine of the firing control point and the machine with the launcher).

- low combat stability of the complex as a whole. Failure of the fire control machine leads to the impossibility of completing the combat mission with the entire complex.

Known mobile coastal missile system "Bastion" [2]. The complex includes:

- self-propelled launchers (SPU);

- combat control vehicle (MBU);

- equipment for information and technical interfacing of the combat assets of the complex with higher levels of management of the Customer's armed forces;

- combat duty vehicles;

- transport and loading machines;

- a set of maintenance tools;

- educational and training means.

In addition, if high-precision target designation is required, the complex can be equipped with autonomous target designation facilities based on active and passive over-the-horizon radar stations (for example, the Monolit-B coastal surface reconnaissance complex).

Thus, the main assets of the complex are located on the SPU and MBU machines, as well as on the machines of the target designation means attached:

- SPU - contain PU;

- MBU - contain the USK system;

- autonomous target designation means - contain CU means.

The disadvantages of the complex are:

- a small degree of unification of the complex (a large nomenclature of the complex composition). The fixed assets of the complex are located on self-propelled units of more than two types.

- a long time for bringing the results of the control center to missile weapons, associated with a complex control system, including the mutual exchange of information (between the means of the control center, SPU and MBU).

Known mobile coastal missile system based on anti-ship missiles RBS-15KA / CD (Sweden), described in particular [1, 3, 4]. The complex contains mobile launchers (based on the "Scania-112H2" / "SISU" wheeled chassis) and a mobile command post (based on the "SISU SL 117" wheeled chassis). Information about the target designation of the battery equipped with this complex is carried out from the "Strika" BIUS or from the "9KR 400" radar.

Thus, the main assets of the complex are located on the mobile command post (containing the USK system) and the mobile launcher (containing the launcher), in addition, the machines are contained in the SOD, through which control commands are transmitted, the state is monitored and the initial data are entered into the rocket, and See also the link between the launcher and the control room. The advantage of the complex is the ability to operate on public roads.

The disadvantages of the complex are:

- a small degree of unification of the complex (a large nomenclature of the complex composition). The fixed assets of the complex are located on self-propelled units of two types.

- a long time for bringing the results of the control center to missile weapons, associated with a complex control system, including the mutual exchange of information (between the vehicle of the command post and the vehicle with a launcher).

- low combat stability of the complex as a whole. The failure of the mobile command post leads to the impossibility of completing the combat mission with the entire complex.

- limited capabilities of combat deployment of the complex. Communication between the machines is carried out via a cable up to 500 m long, which limits the degree of dispersal of funds and increases the deployment time of the complex.

Known mobile anti-ship missile system, armed with anti-ship missiles SSM-1 (Japan) [1, 5], containing in its composition: command and staff vehicle, fire control machines based on a truck "type 73", launchers "type 87" on the chassis a truck ("type 74"), a radar system "type 85" on the chassis of a truck ("type 73") including a radar "JTPS-P11", radio relay stations mounted on the chassis of a truck "type 73". Thus, the complex contains fixed assets (PU, TSU, SOD, USK), and the USK is actually located on the basis of the command and staff vehicle and four fire control vehicles. The advantage of the complex is the ability to operate on public roads

The disadvantages of the complex are:

- a small degree of unification of the complex (a large nomenclature of the complex composition). The fixed assets of the complex are located on self-propelled units of five types.

- a long time for bringing the results of the control center to missile weapons, associated with a complex control system, including the mutual exchange of information (between the command vehicle, radio relay communication vehicles, missile firing control vehicle and a vehicle with a launcher).

- low combat stability of the complex as a whole. The failure of the command and staff vehicle makes it impossible for the entire complex to complete the combat mission.

Known coastal missile anti-ship systems, described in [6] and [7]. These complexes include: two self-propelled command and control centers and communications (SKPUS), including target designation radar systems (RLC) with active and passive radar stations (radar), national identification systems, topographic reference and orientation systems, data exchange systems, systems control and self-propelled launchers (SPU) with missiles. The fixed assets of the complexes are located on two types of machines:

- SKPUS machines containing CU facilities, USK and TPiO systems, cleaning and diagnostic facilities,

- SPU machines containing PU, SOD, TPiO means.

The advantage of the complex [7] is that the main assets of one of the SKPUS vehicles can operate in a "hot" backup mode, which increases the combat stability (survivability) of the complex. For this, blocks were introduced into both SKPUS machines, which provide automatic transfer of the functions of the main SKPUS machine to the reserve one in case of failure of the main one.

The disadvantages of the complex are:

- a small degree of unification of the complex (a large nomenclature of the complex composition). The fixed assets of the complex are located on self-propelled units of two types,

- a long time for bringing the results of the control center to rocket weapons, associated with a complex control system, including the mutual exchange of information (between SKPUS and SPU) about target designation and topographic location,

- insufficient combat stability of the complex as a whole. The failure of both SKPUS vehicles leads to the impossibility of completing the combat mission with the entire complex.

Known coastal missile system "Bal-E", described in particular in [8, 9]. The typical structure of the complex includes: a self-propelled command post for control and communication (SKPUS) (up to 2 units), a self-propelled launcher (up to 4 units), a transport and reloading vehicle (up to 4 units), a communication vehicle (1 unit). Thus, the availability of topographic reference and orientation navigation aids in the SKPUS and the self-propelled launcher allows the complex to quickly change launch positions, and also dispersed to redeploy to a new combat area. From the description it follows that this complex contains its own target designation means (passive and active radar channels), SOD and TPiPO means, as well as USK means.

The disadvantages of the complex are:

- a small degree of unification of the complex (a large nomenclature of the complex composition). The fixed assets of the complex are located on self-propelled units of three types.

- the complexity of operation in the conditions of public roads. All vehicles of the complex are mounted on a high-cross-country vehicle chassis (in particular, the MA3-7930 chassis is indicated in [10]), the dimensions of which make it difficult to move on public roads.

- a long time for bringing the results of the control center to missile weapons, associated with a complex control system, including the mutual exchange of information (between the control command post and the self-propelled launcher) about target designation and topography.

The closest in technical essence to the achieved result is the coastal anti-ship complex "Rubezh-E", described in particular in [10]. The complex contains autonomous vehicles (4 units), each of which contains: a launcher, target designation radar, a system of fire control devices, equipment for identifying a ship according to the principle of "friend or foe", a system of internal and external radiotelephone communications. Thus, the complex has a minimum range (1 type of machine), which means the highest degree of unification. Each of the machines contains in its composition: PU, CU (radar) and communications. In addition, the communication lines between the control center and the launcher are located in one machine, which increases the efficiency of bringing the results of the control center to rocket weapons.

The disadvantages of the complex are:

- the complexity of operation in the conditions of public roads. All the vehicles of the complex are mounted on a high cross-country vehicle chassis (the MAZ-543M chassis is indicated in [10]), the dimensions of which make it difficult to move on public roads.

- low speed of data exchange about control center between machines. From the description it follows that the complex contains radiotelephone communication, which practically excludes the operational mutual exchange of data about the control center.

- the description does not provide information on the availability of TP&E funds. The absence of TP&E means or their insufficient automation reduces the accuracy of information on target designation.

- reduced functionality of the complex - there is practically no possibility of a coordinated strike by missile weapons of several machines (see also the description of the patent [7]).

- reduced combat stability of the complex. From the description it follows that the complex contains radiotelephone communication, which practically excludes operational mutual target allocation, in the event of failure of machines or individual fixed assets from the composition of the machines, as well as in case of a change in the tactical situation.

- high cost of ownership of the complex, associated with a large crew of one vehicle (crew - 5 people).

In [10], data on the presence of the USC system are not given; moreover, for the correct operation of the USC, an operative automated exchange of the control center and topographic data is required, which, as mentioned above, is impossible to implement.

The technical objective of this invention is to eliminate the disadvantages of similar solutions by creating a new coastal missile ship complex, that is, expanding functionality, increasing combat stability and reducing the cost of ownership of the complex while maintaining a high degree of unification (maintaining the minimum range - one type of machine).

The technical result is achieved due to:

- inclusion in the autonomous machine of the complex (hereinafter - self-propelled locating launcher or SLPU machine), containing the launcher and the means of the central control, the systems of USK, cleaning and diagnostic facilities and TPiO;

- organization of functional interaction of fixed assets of the SLPU machine through high-speed transmission lines;

- automation of control processes, target designation and target distribution in the complex.

Thus:

1) The functionality of the complex is expanding.

The functionality is implemented to deliver a coordinated missile strike to several SLPU machines of the complex, as well as the ability to scale the maximum strike power (by changing the number of SLPU machines in the complex).

2) The combat stability of the complex increases.

The possibility of operational mutual target allocation is realized in the event of failure of SLPU machines or individual fixed assets from the composition of SLPU machines, as well as in case of a change in the tactical situation.

3) The cost of ownership of the complex is reduced.

Within the framework of the cost of ownership (cost of ownership or "Ownership cost"), the costs of operating weapons and military equipment (AME) are separately distinguished, the value of which characterizes the degree of operational and technical perfection of AME [11]. The total operating costs of the complex, in addition to direct costs, include the costs of auxiliary equipment and infrastructure used in the operation of the product group (indirect costs), as well as costs of command and administrative personnel, support technical personnel, etc. (indirect costs ). The proposed technical solution allows to reduce the crew of each vehicle to 2 people, i.e. significantly reduce overall costs compared to prototype.

Unification is aimed at bringing weapons and military equipment samples to a rational minimum of variety, which ultimately reduces the cost of ownership of weapons and military equipment. One of the principles of unification is the principle of universalization, in which uniformity of weapons and military equipment is achieved, which in the proposed technical solution is provided with maximum efficiency - a single composition of fixed assets on the machines of the SLPU complex, and therefore the unification of the machines themselves from the SLPU from the complex. Thus, high unification of the complex is ensured.

The work of the coastal missile system is detailed below.

The essence of the proposed technical solution will be clear from the following description and the attached schemes of functional interaction of systems and tools included in the complex.

The proposed coastal anti-ship missile system contains several SLPU machines and other vehicles for placing auxiliary means. Each of the SLPU machines contains:

- target designation means, which is a radar station (radar),

- launcher of missile weapons with a launch control system (hereinafter - PU),

- means of communication and data exchange on target designation and information and control teams (hereinafter referred to as the means of ODS),

- means of automatic topographic location and orientation (hereinafter TPiO means),

- control system of the complex's salvo fire (hereinafter referred to as the USK system).

In FIG. 1 shows a diagram of the functional interaction of systems and tools included in the proposed complex. For example, the number of SLPU machines shown in the diagram is limited to two. The diagram shows the main assets of the complex installed on two machines SLPU 1 and 2: communications and data exchange about target designation and information and control commands of SOD 3, salvo fire control systems of the USK 4 complex, target designation radar 5, a missile launcher with a system launch control PU 6, means of automatic topographic location and orientation TPiO 7. Information about target designation from radar 5 can be sent to USK 4, as well as, through SOD 3, to USK 4 of other machines of the SLPU complex. The exchange of information and control commands from PU 6 can be carried out both with its own USK 4, and, through SOD 3, with USK 4 of any machine of the SLPU complex. Information about topographic location from TPiO 7 is fed to radar 5 and PU 6 automatically, etc. promptly updates (increases the accuracy) information about target designation from radar 5 and information from PU 6 when changing the position of SLPU machines. The exchange of information inside the SLPU machines is carried out via high-speed digital transmission lines, which reduces the time to bring target designation to missile weapons.

Volley fire is a modern tactical technique that increases the effectiveness of a missile strike against enemy ships and formations. In FIG. 2 shows a diagram of the interaction of fixed assets, which explains the possibility of combat operation of the complex in the salvo mode. For example, the number of SLPU machines shown in the diagram is limited to two (SLPU 1 and SLPU 2). The functional purposes of SOD 3, USK 4, radar 5, PU 6, TPiO 7 are given in the description to FIG. 1. In this case, the USK 4 equipment from the SLPU 1 machine works as the main fire control equipment of the complex (accordingly, the SLPU 1 machine operates in the "master" mode), and the USK 4 equipment in the rest of the machines (Figure 2 shows the SLPU 2 machine) - as a backup (accordingly, all machines of the SLPU except for the SLPU 1 operate in the "slave" mode). Unused (reserved) lines of functional interaction and equipment USK 4 of the "slave" machine SLPU 2 are marked with dashed lines. Thus, the equipment USK 4 of the "leading" machine of the SLPU 1 by means of the SOD 3 carries out centralized and operational control of the PU 6 of all machines of the SLPU complex and thus the salvo mode is realized.

It is known [12] that the survivability (which is a component of the combat stability) of AME is one of the most important qualities that characterize the preservation and (or) quick (prompt) restoration of the ability to function. One of the ways to ensure combat survivability is to duplicate combat use and control systems. For this, the described technical solution (complex) may contain a system for the automated distribution of the USK function (hereinafter referred to as the ARF USK) between the machines of the SLPU. Figure 3 shows a diagram of functional interaction in this case - dashed lines show not involved (in the "hot" backup mode) systems and communications. For example, the number of SLPU machines shown in the diagram is limited to two (SLPU 1 and SLPU 2). The functional purposes of SOD 3, USK 4, radar 5, PU 6, TPiO 7 are given in the description to FIG. 1. The ARF USK 8 equipment installed in each SLPU machine automatically ensures the operation of the USK 4 equipment of one of the machines in the "main" mode, and the USK 4 equipment of the other machines in the "hot" standby mode, and also provides the necessary control logic in case of failures ... Accordingly, the machine one of the machines of the SLPU complex (for example, SLPU 1) operates in the "master" mode, and the other machines of the SLPU (for example, SLPU 2) operate in the "slave" mode. The logic of the complex operation in the salvo mode is described above (when describing Fig. 2). Thus, the principle of operational duplication of the centralized fire control function is implemented with due completeness, and it remains possible to carry out centralized and operational control of PU 6 of all SLPU machines of the complex and, accordingly, the possibility of implementing the salvo firing mode.

Another way to increase the combat stability of the complex may be to increase the ability to resist technical reconnaissance and the use of some modern types of weapons [13]. The implementation of a radar with the ability to work in a passive mode can exclude the possibility of radio intelligence (opening the complex), as well as the successful use of anti-radar missiles by the enemy.

One of the promising ways to improve the efficiency of combat missions is the network-centric method of organizing military operations ("Network Centric Warfare") [14].

The proposed technical solution compares favorably with the possibility of embedding into this concept, due to the presence of direct information and control links of the main assets of the SLPU machine (radar 5, PU 6 and USK 4) with the SOD 3 (see description for Fig. 1), and through it - with a unified information and control space of the armed forces and assets. In FIG. 4 shows a diagram of the interaction of the complex with a single information and control space 9. Information exchange with the sensor 10, combat 11 and control 12 subsystems of the single information space 9 is carried out by each SLPU machine of the complex 13, since it is directly a weapon carrier (in this case - PU ), the carrier of the reconnaissance and target designation (in this case, the radar), and also contains the complex salvo fire control system (USK).

To ensure movement on public roads, SLPU machines are implemented on the basis of a high cross-country chassis with a width of no more than 2500 mm.

List of references

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Claims (5)

1. Coastal missile system, containing several self-propelled locating launchers (SLPU machines), each of which includes a launcher (PU) with a launch control system, target designation radar, communication and data exchange facilities, automatic topographic reference and orientation, and also machines for placing auxiliary means, characterized in that in order to expand the functionality of the complex, the fire control system of the complex (USK) is included in the SLPU, while the functional interaction of the fixed assets of the SLPU machines is automated and carried out through high-speed transmission lines. 2. The coastal missile system according to claim 1, characterized in that in order to increase the combat stability of the complex, the SLPU vehicle contains a system of automatic redundancy of the USK functions. 3. The coastal missile system according to claim 1, characterized in that in order to increase the combat stability of the complex, the target designation radar is designed to operate in a passive target designation mode. 4. The coastal missile system according to claim 1, characterized in that in order to increase the efficiency of the combat mission, the radar, PU and USK means from the SLPU machines are, respectively, the sensor, combat and information subsystems of the unified information and control space of the armed forces and means ... 5. Coastal missile system according to claim 1, characterized in that in order to ensure the possibility of operation in public roads, the SLPU machines are implemented on the basis of a high cross-country chassis with a width of not more than 2500 mm.

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