RU2726518C1 - Emulsifying composition for making emulsion explosives - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry; explosives.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to emulsifying compositions used in production of emulsion industrial explosives (EIE). Emulsifying composition for making emulsion explosives, comprising a solid emulsifier - sorbitan polyisobutylene succinic anhydride - or a mixture thereof with a product of condensation of polyisobutylene succinic anhydride with alkanolamine and the stabilizer - ceresin - or its mixture with limiting hydrocarbons with a dropping point of more than 60 °C in certain ratio of components in wt. %.EFFECT: technical result is higher physical stability of industrial emulsion explosives and preservation of their characteristics during storage of up to 1 year or more.1 cl, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the field of emulsifying compositions used in the production of emulsion industrial explosives (ESP).

There are a number of RF patents for the formulation of emulsifying compositions for the production of emulsion explosives RU # 2317281, 2381204, 2561105, 2277965, 2048881, 2540671 and 2224587. All of them are liquids in consistency and consist mainly of liquid mineral oils and liquid surfactants with various additives and in the manufacture of emulsion explosives, liquid products with different viscosities are obtained. As is known, in a liquid medium of an emulsion, sedimentation of droplets of the internal phase occurs, and such emulsions have a limited shelf life. In addition, liquid emulsions do not maintain their shape when poured and, without a coating, spread or poured out of it.

However, there are areas of application of emulsion explosives with particularly high requirements for their quality, in particular, this applies to long-term stored cartridges and additional detonators (checkers). In this case, a stabilizer is often added to the composition of the oil phase. In the literature, it is recommended to introduce fusible hydrocarbons with a low melting point as a stabilizer. When receiving an emulsion, these hydrocarbons are heated above the dropping point and, in addition, have an extensibility of at least 15 mm. Such properties are possessed by paraffins, petrolatum and bitumen of various brands.

According to RF patent 1819253, publ. On May 30, 1993, emulsion PVV stabilized by this method, upon sensitization with micro-gas bubbles, satisfactorily detonated after 3 months of storage. To stabilize in emulsion compositions, part of the oil was replaced with fusible components, but the emulsions remained liquid and only their viscosity was increased.

Known emulsifying composition (RF patent No. 2277523, publ. 10.06.2006), including compounds selected from the amine derivatives of polyisobutylene succinic anhydrides and hydrocarbon fuel - industrial oil or its mixture with petrolatum in a ratio of 0.1 ÷ 1.0.

Known emulsifying composition (RF patent No. 2605111, publ. 20.12.2016), including a surfactant compound - polyisobutylene succinic anhydride with alkanolamine or a mixture thereof, a polymer stabilizer - isomers of polyisobutylene, an additional stabilizer of the mixture - a fusible hydrocarbon in the form of petrolatum with a dropping point of 48 ° C or 72 ° C and liquid fuel - industrial oil.

RF patent No. 2123488, publ. December 20, 1998 described emulsifying compositions from a mixture of industrial oil, derivatives of alkenyl (polyisobutylene) succinic anhydrides and stabilized with petrolatum or paraffin, or bitumen in an amount of 0.5 to 4.0%. Cartridge formulations detonated after 6 months of storage at an optimal level of sensitization (taken as a prototype).

In these patents (No. 2123488, No. 2277523, No. 2605111), part of the oil was replaced with fusible components for stabilization in emulsion compositions, but the emulsions remained liquid only their viscosity was increased and the problem of increasing the shelf life of the emulsion to 1 year or more was not solved. The known solutions do not allow to form compositions in the form of cartridges and checkers without a shell, and even in the presence of a shell, leakage of the liquid composition during transportation and use is not excluded.

Elimination of the above disadvantages of the existing prior art in the claimed solution is achieved by replacing the liquid hydrocarbon fuel with a solid hydrocarbon at the temperature of the use of emulsion explosives. In this case, ceresin or its mixtures with saturated hydrocarbons with a dropping point of more than 60 ° C is used, and a solid emulsifier, sorbitan-polyisobutylene succinic anhydride, is additionally introduced.

The technical objective of the proposed solution is to create an emulsifying composition for the manufacture of industrial emulsion explosives, which allows you to regulate the viscous-temperature properties of emulsion explosives by converting them into a solid state at the temperature of use and to guarantee the required characteristics of the compositions during storage for up to 1 year or more.

The technical result is an increase in the physical stability of industrial emulsion explosives and the preservation of their characteristics during storage for up to 1 year or more.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the emulsifying composition for the manufacture of emulsion explosives contains a stabilizer based on condensation products of polyisobutylene succinic anhydride with alkanolamine, while Ceresin or its mixtures with saturated hydrocarbons with a dropping point of more than 60 ° C is used as a fuel, and a solid emulsifier of sorbitan-polyisobutylene is additionally introduced anhydride with the following ratio of components, wt. %:

condensation product of polyisobutylene succinic anhydride with alkanolamine 20-80 ceresin or its mixtures with saturated hydrocarbons with a dot dropping more than 60 ° С 20-80 sorbitan polyisobutylene succinic anhydride 20-40.

A method of manufacturing a solid emulsifying composition according to the claimed invention.

The synthesis of emulsifiers as condensation products of alkenyl (polyisobutylene) succinic anhydrides with amino derivatives is carried out by one of the known methods, given, for example, in RF patents No. 2048881, publ. 11/07/95 or No. 2155094, publ. 27.08.00. The target product obtained as a result of the condensation reaction is filtered from impurities and a solid emulsifier, sorbitan-polyisobutylene succinic anhydride, in an amount of 20-40 wt. %. Preliminarily, ceresin or its mixtures with saturated hydrocarbons with a dropping point of more than 60 ° C at a temperature of 90-100 ° C are melted in a reactor with a stirrer, and 20 to 80 wt. % the resulting mixture of emulsifiers. The resulting emulsifying composition is poured into a cardboard container or produced in the form of briquettes. The finished product can be further melted and used to produce an industrial explosive.

Petrolatum, paraffin wax, microcrystalline wax, etc. can be used as saturated hydrocarbons with a dropping point of more than 60 ° C.

Examples of implementation of the claimed invention.

Tests and the effectiveness of the emulsifying composition according to the claimed invention were carried out when obtaining emulsion PVB of the following composition, wt. %:

ammonium nitrate 67, sodium nitrate fourteen, water 12, emulsifying composition 4-10.

At the same time, we compared emulsion samples containing, as an emulsifier, a condensation product of alkenyl (polyisbutylene) succinic anhydride with alkanolamine (triethanolamine) and with additives of stabilizers according to US Pat. RF No. 2123488: arr. 1 with petrolatum, sample 2 with paraffin and sample no. 3 with bitumen.

Samples of emulsion PVB were prepared by the following procedure: weighed portions of ammonium and sodium nitrate and water were placed in a heat-resistant vessel. The vessel with the contents was heated until the components were completely dissolved and kept at a temperature of 95 ± 5 ° C until an emulsion was obtained. Weighed portions of the solid emulsifying composition were placed in a reactor heated with a thermostat and equipped with a stirrer and melted at a temperature of 95 ± 5 ° C. The combustible phase was also heated to 95 ± 5 ° C, and with the stirrer turned on, an oxidizing solution was added for one minute. Further, the emulsification process was continued for 3 minutes, and after that the obtained emulsion was studied. The quality of the resulting emulsion was evaluated according to the following characteristics:

1. By the electrical capacitance of the sensor immersed in an emulsion at a temperature of 85 ± 5 ° C in picofarads (pF), recorded by a capacitance meter, for example, E7-8.

2. On the technological stability of the emulsion at an elevated temperature of 85 ± 5 ° C for 6 hours of exposure at it. In this case, the sample is considered to have passed the test if after 6 hours the electrical capacitance of the sensor does not exceed 150 pF.

3. According to the rheological characteristics or the consistency of the composition at the temperature of application or ambient temperature.

The results of testing the properties of emulsions obtained by emulsion explosives are presented in table 1.

The data obtained as a result of the experiments are summarized in the table, from which it can be seen that the use of solid fuel (ceresin or its mixture) and a solid emulsifier in the emulsifying composition allows obtaining the required characteristics of the emulsion, increases the stability of the emulsion explosive and at the same time increases the guaranteed shelf life, incl. at low temperatures. The solid form of PVB prevents emulsion stratification. In addition, the solid emulsifying composition allows you to maintain the shape of the formed PVA after filling in the form of cartridges and blocks.

Claims (2)

An emulsifying composition for the manufacture of emulsion explosives containing a solid emulsifier - polyisobutylene succinic anhydride sorbitan - or its mixture with the condensation product of polyisobutylene succinic anhydride with an alkanolamine and a stabilizer - ceresin - or a mixture thereof with limiting hydrocarbon components with a dropping point of more than 60 ° C, mass at the following. %: sorbitan polyisobutylene succinic anhydride 20-40 condensation product of polyisobutylene succinic
anhydride with alkanolamine 0-60 ceresin or its mixture with limiting
hydrocarbons with a dropping point of more than 60 ° С 20-80