RU2605111C2 - Mixture of hydrocarbons for production of emulsion explosive compositions and emulsion explosive composition based thereon (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to a mixture of hydrocarbons for emulsion explosive compositions (EEC) and to emulsion explosive compositions obtained based thereon. Combustible mixture of hydrocarbons includes, wt%: surfactant - polyisobutylene succinic anhydride with alkanolamine or mixture thereof 22-33, polymer stabiliser - polyisobutylene isomers 10-30, additional stabiliser mixture - fusible hydrocarbon in form of petrolatum with drop point of 48 °C or 72 °C 16-20 and liquid fuel - industrial oil - balance up to 100. Four versions of emulsion compositions are prepared based on said mixture of hydrocarbons with four types of sensitising agents: aqueous solution of sodium nitrite, glass microspheres, polymer microspheres and polymer microspheres in form of foamed polystyrene.

EFFECT: obtained compositions retain stable physical and chemical and explosive characteristics at storage life of not less than 6 months and processing temperature not higher than 85 °C.

8 cl, 3 tbl, 15 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of components and emulsion explosive compositions (EMUs) made on their basis.

Many patents have been published in the claimed field, covering a wide range of qualitative and quantitative ratios of substances and compounds entering both the combustible phase of the emulsion explosives, represented by a mixture of hydrocarbons, and the oxidizing aqueous phase. A hydrocarbon mixture includes hydrocarbon fuel, emulsifiers, processing and stabilizing additives (US No. 4448619, 4473418, 4545829, GB No. 1593163,2128601, EP No. 0097030, 0107891, etc.).

A typical example illustrating the variety of components of a mixture of hydrocarbons is the Austrian patent - B-40006185. The composition of the hydrocarbon mixture of this patent may include: “saturated and unsaturated aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons and mixtures thereof. Preference is given to refined (white) mineral oil, diesel fuel, dinitrotoluene, styrene, xylene and mixtures thereof. " If the applicability in EMU of oil and diesel fuel is not in doubt, then the feasibility of using substances related to flammable liquids and quite toxic is very doubtful.

In US WO89 / 05786, it is possible to use practically any hydrocarbon in EMU: paraffinic, olefin, naphthenic, aromatic saturated or unsaturated in the form of oil or wax or a mixture thereof, as well as natural oils - castor, shale or any wax with a melting point of ~ 25 ° C.

EMUs of Russian design are distinguished by a significantly smaller variety of components included in the mixture of hydrocarbons. As a rule, these are general technical oils with technological and stabilizing additives of fusible hydrocarbons (RU No. 2123488, 2258055).

Diesel fuel is used in EMU produced by imported technologies, such as, for example, the Tovan series or as a technological additive in granular formulations (RU No. 2263097).

According to patent RU No. 2143488, a mixture of hydrocarbons for the production of emulsion explosive compositions includes industrial oil, an emulsifier and fusible hydrocarbons in the form of paraffin, bitumen or petrolatum. In its composition, this mixture is the closest analogue of the proposed solution to the part of the object - a mixture of hydrocarbons for the production of emulsion explosive compositions.

This hydrocarbon mixture was investigated, examples are given below.

Example A (RU No. 2123488)

Prepared a mixture of hydrocarbons (HS) composition (wt.%): Industrial oil - 48.39; petrolatum - 30.11; emulsifier - 21.5. The temperature was maintained at + 85 ° C. An aqueous solution of oxidizing agents (PO) was prepared with the composition (wt.%): 16.54 - water, 72.43 - ammonium nitrate and 11.03 - sodium nitrate. The temperature of PO was maintained at plus 85 ° C. Then, 90.7 mass parts of PO were poured to 9.3 mass parts of HS and mixed (emulsified) for 5 minutes. Received an emulsion (matrix). 1.5 wt.% Was added to the matrix. an aqueous solution (concentration of 10%) of sodium nitrite and mixed. The resulting composition was filled into polyethylene shells with a diameter of 40 mm. After holding for 60 minutes to complete the gas saturation reaction, the composition had a density of 0.98 g / cm ³ and detonated at a speed of 4.42-4.48 km / s upon initiation by No. 8 electric detonator.

The component composition (wt.%) Of the emulsion considered in Example A is shown in Table 1.

Example B (RU No. 2123488).

Prepared a mixture of hydrocarbons (HS) composition (wt.%.): Industrial oil - 62.5; paraffin - 18.75; emulsifier - 18.75. The temperature was maintained at + 85 ° C. An aqueous solution of oxidizing agents (PO) was prepared with the composition (wt.%): 16.54 - water, 72.43 - ammonium nitrate and 11.03 - sodium nitrate. The temperature of PO was maintained at plus 85 ° C. Then, 92.0 parts by weight of PO were added to 8.0 parts by weight of HS and interleaved (emulsified) for 5 minutes. Received an emulsion (matrix). To the resulting emulsion matrix was added 4 wt.%. glass microspheres at a temperature of 88 ° C, mixed and received a composition with a density of 1.06 g / cm ³ . The resulting composition was filled into polyethylene shells with a diameter of 40 mm. Shells filled with the composition were detonated at a speed of 4.78-4.83 km / s upon initiation by electric detonator No. 8.

The component composition (wt.%) Of the emulsion considered in Example B is shown in Table 2.

Example B (RU No. 2123488)

Prepared a mixture of hydrocarbons (HS) composition (wt.%.): Industrial oil - 4.0; bitumen - 1.5; emulsifier - 2.0. The temperature was maintained at + 85 ° C. An aqueous solution of oxidizing agents (PO) of the composition (wt.%) Was prepared: 16.54 - water, 72.43 - ammonium nitrate and 11.03 sodium nitrate. The temperature of PO was maintained at plus 85 ° C. Then, to the 7.5 mass parts of HS, 92.5 mass parts of PO were poured and alternated (emulsified) for 5 minutes. Received an emulsion (matrix). 5 wt.% Was added to the resulting emulsion matrix. phenol-formaldehyde microspheres, mixed and received a composition with a density of 1.14 g / cm ³ . The resulting composition was filled into polyethylene shells with a diameter of 40 mm. Shells filled with the composition were detonated at a speed of 4.52-4.66 km / s upon initiation by No. 8 electric detonator.

The component composition (wt.%) Considered in example In the emulsion are shown in table 3.

Petrolatum, paraffin and bitumen perform the main formulation and technological task of stabilizing the emulsion in the emulsion explosives under consideration. At the same time, the HS described in the analogue are not optimized for the ratios of its constituent components, have a higher viscosity, which requires a higher temperature during its manufacture and processing (HS), while increasing the duration of auxiliary operations (heating to a higher temperature requires a longer time).

Known mixed emulsifier (SE) according to patent RU No. 2317281, intended for use in the composition of the HS emulsion explosives as a surface-active compound (PAS). At the same time as the active substance, such SE contains from 2 to 30 wt.%. emulsion stabilizer in the form of polyisobutylene with a molecular weight of 500-2000. Polyisobutylene in PAS is introduced either at the final stage of preparation of the SC, or they provide the required content of the active substance, increasing the molar ratio of polyisobutylene to maleic anhydride (1.002-1.30): 1.0 at the stage of thermal conversion. When using such an SC, the polyisobutylene residue formed after the completion of the chemical reaction of polyisobutylene with maleic anhydride increases the effect of stabilization of emulsions (increases the lifetime of the emulsion obtained from the moment of its manufacture to the beginning of its separation or crystallization), but at the same time (due to the high cost of polyisobutylene) increases the cost of the final Emv, which is undesirable.

At the same time, according to US patent No. 6200398, depending on the reaction conditions, the resulting SE may contain from 8.6% to 22% of the remainder of unreacted polyisobutylene, which is due to the presence in the initial polyisobutylene, except for the α-isomer, its other less reactive isomers .

Based on an analysis of the facts, the technical task of the proposed solution is to select the component composition of the hydrocarbon mixture, including PAS, hydrocarbon fuel and an emulsion stabilizer, which would provide the required stability of the operational characteristics of the emulsion emulsion based on it and the manufacturability of their production.

An emulsion explosive composition including ammonium nitrate, an oxidizing and hydrocarbon phase and a sensitizing additive, characterized in that the oxidizing phase is an aqueous solution of oxidizing salts such as sodium nitrate or calcium nitrate and / or ammonium, is also known from RU patent No. 21123488. perchlorate, or methylamine nitrate, or ethylene diamine dinitrate, or sodium perchlorate, the hydrocarbon phase includes industrial oil, fusible hydrocarbons such as petrolatum or paraffin, or bitumen and emulsifier, content aschy condensation products of polyolefin molecular weight 300-3000, preferably 900-1500, with maleic anhydride and alkanolamine, preferably triethanolamine or a polyol, for example glycerol, or polyglycerol, or pentaerythritol, or a mixture of these products with fatty acid esters of fraction C ₁₇ -C ₂₅ , or tall oil fatty acid esters with glycerol or polyglycerol, or pentaerythritol, and the sensitizing additive is a solution of sodium nitrite or a mixture of a solution of sodium nitrate with formalin, or porous additives such as perlite in the following ratio, wt.%:

Sodium nitrate - 5.0-15.0

Or calcium nitrate - 5.0-25.0

And / or ammonium chloride - 5.0-15.0

Or methylamine nitrate - 5.0-15.0

Or ethylenediamine dinitrate - 5.0-30.0

Or sodium perchlorate - 5.0-25.0

Water - 5.0-25.0

Industrial oil - 2.0-7.0

Petrolatum - 0.5-4.0

Or paraffin - 1.0-2.0

Or bitumen - 0.5-2.5

The condensation product of a polyolefin with maleic anhydride and alkanolamine or polyol, or a mixture of these products with fatty acid esters of fraction C ₁₇ -C ₂₅ , or tall oil fatty acid esters with glycerol, or polyglycerol or

pentaerythritol - 1.0-3.0

Sodium nitrite solution - 0.2-5.0

Or a mixture of a solution of sodium nitrite with formalin (3: 1) - 0.005-5.0

Or glass microspheres - 2.0-6.0

Or phenol-formaldehyde microspheres - 3.0-7.0

Or polystyrene microspheres - 3.0-6.0

Or microspheres from waste from CHP - 4.0-10.0

Or perlite - 2.0-6.0

Ammonium nitrate - the rest is up to 100

In its composition, this EMU mixture is the closest analogue of the claimed solution to the part of the object - the performance of the emulsion explosive composition.

The technical result achieved in this case is to increase the manufacturability of the mixture and EMU to maintain the stability of physico-chemical and explosive characteristics with a shelf life of at least 6 months and a processing temperature of no higher than 85 ° C.

The specified technical result is achieved in that in a mixture of hydrocarbons for the production of emulsion explosive compositions, including a surface-active compound, including a polymer stabilizer, an additional stabilizer of a mixture of fusible hydrocarbon, and industrial oil, these components are characterized by the following ratio of components in the mixture, (wt. .%):

surface active compound 22-33, including: polymer stabilizer 10-30 additional stabilizer mixture of fusible hydrocarbon with temperature drop drops 48-72 ° C 16-20 industrial oil - the rest up to 100.

In this case, polyisobutylene succinic anhydride or its amino ester with a mass fraction of unreacted isomers of 20% in the form of a condensation product of polyisobutylene succinic anhydride with alkanol-amine or a mixture thereof is used as a surface-active compound. Or, a polyisobutyleneamino ester with a mass fraction of unreacted isomers of 10% was used as a surface-active compound. Or, polyisobutylene succinic anhydride with a mass fraction of unreacted isomers of 30% was used as a surface-active compound. And as the polymer stabilizer of the mixture used isomers of polyisobutylene, which remained in the reaction mass unreacted in the synthesis of a surface-active compound. An additional stabilizer of the mixture is a fusible hydrocarbon in the form of a petrolatum with a dropping point of 48 ° C or in the form of a petrolatum with a dropping point of 72 ° C.

The specified technical result is achieved in that in an emulsion explosive composition containing a mixture of hydrocarbons containing a surface-active compound, including a polymer stabilizer, an additional stabilizer of a mixture of fusible hydrocarbon, and industrial oil, as well as a hydrocarbon-water solution of an oxidizing salt, a sensitizer in the form of gas bubbles and a solid phase in the form of granules of ammonium nitrate granules, components of a mixture of hydrocarbons, an aqueous solution of an oxidizing salt, sensitization ora and solid phases characterized by the following weight ratio of components,%:

hydrocarbon mixture: 5.05-6.50, including: - surface active compound 1.43-4.66, including: - polymer emulsion stabilizer in the form of isomers of polyisobutylene 0.17-0.43 - additional stabilizer emulsions - petrolatum 1.0-1.6 - industrial oil 2,37-4,03 an aqueous solution of an oxidizing salt: 57.96-61.30, including: - water 8.19-11.40 - ammonium nitrate 47.64-48.57 - urea 1.26-1.33 solid phase 33.0-37.0

The specified technical result is achieved in that in an emulsion explosive composition containing a surface-active compound, which includes a polymer stabilizer, an additional stabilizer of a mixture of fusible hydrocarbon, and industrial oil, as well as a hydrocarbon-water solution of oxidizing salts dispersed in a mixture, a sensitizer in the form of microspheres of glass and a solid phase in the form of granules of ammonium nitrate granules, components of a mixture of hydrocarbons, an aqueous solution of oxidizing salts, a sensitizer and a solid phase are characterized by the following mass ratio of components,%:

hydrocarbon mixture: 6.52-7.50, including: - surface active compound 1.30-2.46, including: - polymer stabilizer emulsion in type of polyisobutylene isomers 0.25-0.40 - additional stabilizer emulsions - petrolatum 0.95-1.48 - industrial oil 3,50-5,25 aqueous solution of oxidizing salts: 71.50-75.26, including: - water 8.28-12.60 - sodium nitrate 6.0-6.8 - ammonium nitrate 50,20-60,58 - urea 0.39-0.41 solid phase 14.0-17.0 sensitizer 2.5-4.0

The specified technical result is achieved in that in an emulsion explosive composition containing a surface-active compound, which includes a polymer stabilizer, an additional stabilizer of a mixture of fusible hydrocarbon, and industrial oil, as well as a hydrocarbon-water solution of oxidizing salts dispersed in a mixture, a sensitizer in the form of microspheres of polymer and a solid phase in the form of granules of ammonium nitrate, characterized in that the components of a mixture of hydrocarbons, an aqueous solution of oxidizing salts, a sensitizer a and the solid phase are characterized by the following mass ratio of components,%:

hydrocarbon mixture: 6.26-7.70, including: - surface active compound 1.44-2.54, including: - polymer emulsion stabilizer in the form of isomers of polyisobutylene 0.30-0.43 - additional stabilizer emulsions - petrolatum 1.04-1.54 - industrial oil 3.38-4.05 aqueous solution of oxidizing salts: 75.07-77.90, including: - water 9.0-12.53 - sodium nitrate 6.50-6.85 - ammonium nitrate 57.61-59.49 - urea 0.41-0.43 solid phase 14.0-18.0 sensitizer 0.3-0.5

The specified technical result is achieved in that in an emulsion explosive composition containing a surface-active compound, including a polymer stabilizer, an additional stabilizer of a mixture of fusible hydrocarbon, and industrial oil, as well as a hydrocarbon-water solution of oxidizing salts dispersed in a mixture, a sensitizer in the form of foamed polystyrene and a solid phase in the form of granules of ammonium nitrate, characterized in that the components of a mixture of hydrocarbons, an aqueous solution of oxidizing salts, sensitization ora and solid phases characterized by the following weight ratio of components,%:

hydrocarbon mixture 7.38-8.30, including: - surface active compound 1.62-2.74, including: - polymer emulsion stabilizer in the form of isomers of polyisobutylene 0.27-0.48 - additional emulsion stabilizer - petrolatum 1.18-1.66 - industrial oil 4.32-4.90 aqueous solution of oxidizing salts: 89.4-91.02, including: - water 9.84-13.40 - sodium nitrate 7.15-7.87 - ammonium nitrate 68.4-72.82 - urea 0.45-0.49 sensitizer 1.6-2.3

The technical result is achieved by optimizing the ratio of surface-active compounds, emulsion stabilizer and industrial oil; the stabilizer is combined, including polyisobutylene as an integral part of PAS and a fusible hydrocarbon with a dropping point of 48-72 ° C.

These features are significant and are interconnected with the formation of a stable set of essential features sufficient to obtain the desired technical result.

The present invention is illustrated by specific examples of execution, which, however, are not the only possible, but clearly demonstrate the ability to achieve the desired technical result.

In the framework of the present invention, a hydrocarbon mixture for the production of EMU is considered, which is an emulsion composed of a mixture comprising a surface-active compound containing a polymer stabilizer, an additional stabilizer of a mixture of fusible hydrocarbon and industrial oil, while these components are characterized by the following ratio of components in the mixture , (wt.%):

surface active compound 22-33, including: polymer stabilizer 10-30 additional stabilizer mixture of fusible hydrocarbon with temperature drop drops 48-72 ° C 16-20 industrial oil - the rest up to 100.

In such a mixture, polyisobutylene succinic anhydride or its amino ester with a mass fraction of unreacted isomers of 20% in the form of a condensation product of polyisobutylene succinic anhydride with alkanol-amine or a mixture thereof is used as a surface-active compound. Or, a polyisobutyleneamino ester with a mass fraction of unreacted isomers of 10% was used as a surface-active compound. Or, polyisobutylene succinic anhydride with a mass fraction of unreacted isomers of 30% was used as a surface-active compound. And as the polymer stabilizer of the mixture used isomers of polyisobutylene, which remained in the reaction mass unreacted in the synthesis of a surface-active compound. An additional stabilizer of the mixture is a fusible hydrocarbon in the form of a petrolatum with a dropping point of 48 ° C or in the form of a petrolatum with a dropping point of 72 ° C.

The positive effect of the use in EMU of the inventive mixture of hydrocarbons is as follows:

- provides high stability of physico-chemical and explosive characteristics with a shelf life of at least 6 months, including in cartridges with a diameter of 32 mm;

- Technologically necessary and sufficient temperature for processing - not higher than 85 ° C;

- the versatility of the process, allowing to produce EMU sensitized by chemical gas saturation, glass or polymer microspheres;

- the ability to obtain EMU based on mixtures of an emulsion matrix with a solid phase in the form of granules of ammonium nitrate, which helps to increase the heat of explosion and reduce the cost of production.

Verification of the feasibility of the proposed solution was carried out on examples of a mixture of hydrocarbons and EMU prepared on its basis, containing the following raw materials:

- surface-active compound (PAS) in the form of polyisobutylene succinic anhydride with a mass fraction of unreacted isomers of 30% - (I);

- PAS in the form of polyisobutyleneamino ether with a mass fraction of unreacted isomers of 10% - (II);

- PAS in the form of a mixture (50/50) of polyisobutylene succinic anhydride and its amino ester with a mass fraction of unreacted isomers of 20% - (III);

- ammonium nitrate GOST 2-85;

- sodium nitrate GOST 828-77;

- carbamide GOST 2081-92;

- industrial oil grade I-40A GOST 20799-88;

- fusible emulsion stabilizer - petrolatum according to TU 38.401166-90 with a dropping point of 48 ° C or petrolatum according to TU 38.301-29-110-99 with a dropping point of 72 ° C.

The technology for preparing a mixture of hydrocarbons for the production of EMU is as follows.

Portions of industrial and PAS oil were placed in a container with heating and a mixing device, mixed for 5-7 minutes, petrolatum was added and mixed for 3-5 minutes until the petrolatum was completely melted and the temperature rose to 70-80 ° C. The resulting mixture in the required amount was used for the preparation of EMU.

The procedure for preparing EMU is known and described in many publications.

The required sample of a mixture of hydrocarbons was placed in a heated apparatus with a stirring device, and with the stirrer switched on, a portion of an aqueous solution of an oxidizing agent (or a mixture thereof) was poured in 1-3 minutes and after mixing 3-5 minutes an emulsion matrix of a given component ratio was obtained. A sensitizer was added to the matrix in the form of an aqueous solution of a blowing agent or microspheres, or in addition, a solid phase in the form of granules of ammonium nitrate. Received EMU was patronized in polymer shells of the required size and tested by generally recognized methods.

Example 1

A mixture of hydrocarbons was prepared at nominal values,%: industrial oil - 4.5, petrolatum - 2.8, emulsifier - 2.0. The mixture was stirred at 85 ° C for 10 min and 90.7% of an aqueous solution of oxidizing agents was added: 15% water, 65.7% ammonium nitrate and 10% sodium nitrate, emulsified for 5 min and an emulsion matrix with a temperature of 92 ° C was obtained. A 1.5% aqueous solution (10% concentration) of sodium nitrite was added to the matrix and mixed. The composition was filled with polyethylene shells with a diameter of 40 mm. After holding for 60 min, to complete the gas saturation reaction, the charges had a density of 0.98 g / cm ³ and detonated at a speed of 4.42-4.48 km / s upon initiation by No. 8 electric detonator.

Example 2

The procedure for obtaining the emulsion matrix of example 1 was repeated using a stabilizer in the form of paraffin,%: industrial oil - 5.0, paraffin - 1.5, emulsifier - 1.5. An aqueous solution of the oxidizing agents of example 1 in an amount of 92%. 4% glass microspheres were added to the obtained emulsion matrix at a temperature of 88 ° C, mixed, and a composition with a density of 1.06 g / cm ^{3 was} obtained, which, when placed in a shell with a diameter of 40 mm, detonated at a speed of 4.78-4.83 km / s from the pulse of the electric detonator No. 8.

Example 3

The procedure of example 1 is repeated using a stabilizer in the form of bitumen,%: industrial oil - 4.0, bitumen - 1.5, emulsifier - 2.0. The mixture was stirred at 95 ° C for 10 minutes and a 92.5% aqueous solution of the oxidizing agents of Example 1 was added. 5% phenol-formaldehyde microspheres were added to the resulting emulsion matrix, and stirred at 93 ° C. The obtained EMU had a density of 1.14 g / cm ³ and detonated in a charge with a diameter of 40 mm at a speed of 4.52-4.66 km / s from the pulse of electric detonator No. 8.

Example 4 and subsequent by the declared decision.

A mixture of hydrocarbons was prepared, having the composition,%: PAS (I) in the form of polyisobutylene succinic anhydride with a mass fraction of stabilizer from unreacted polyisobutylene isomers 30% - 22; an additional emulsion stabilizer in the form of a petrolatum with a dropping point of 48 ° C -16; industrial oil - up to 100% - 62.0. To a 10% mixture, 90% aqueous solution containing 14.7% water was added with stirring; 2% urea and 73.3% ammonium nitrate; the mixture was emulsified for 5 min and an emulsion matrix was obtained with a temperature of 85 ° C. EMUs were prepared by mixing 65% of the emulsion matrix and 35% of the solid phase from the granules of ammonium nitrate with the addition (in excess of 100%) of a 1.2% aqueous solution of sodium nitrite with a concentration of 15%. After mixing, the composition at a temperature of 62 ° C is placed in a polyethylene shell with a diameter of 90 mm and is kept for 2 hours until sensitization with gas saturation is completed. The final charge density is 1.23 g / cm ³ , the detonation speed upon initiation by a pressed TNT block is 4.86-5.12 km / s. After storage for 6 months, the detonation speed is 4.92-5.34 km / s.

The components in the resulting EMU were included in the following calculated mass ratios,%:

emulsion matrix 65.0, including: hydrocarbon mixture: 6.5, including: - surface-active compound (PAS-1) 1.43, including - stabilizer from unreacted polyisobutylene 0.43 - additional emulsion stabilizer - petrolatum 1,6 - industrial oil 4.03 aqueous solution of oxidizing salts: 58.5, including: - water 9.56 - urea 1.3 - ammonium nitrate 47.64 solid phase from granules of ammonium nitrate 35.0

Example 5

The prepared mixture of hydrocarbons had the composition,%: PAS (II) - polyisobutyleneamino ether with a mass fraction of unreacted polyisobutylene isomers of 10% - 33.0; an additional emulsion stabilizer - petrolatum with a dropping point of 62 ° C - 20.0; industrial oil - 47.0. To prepare the emulsion matrix, an 8% mixture of hydrocarbons was taken and with stirring, a 92% aqueous solution containing 13.0% water, 2.0% urea and 77.0% ammonium nitrate with a temperature of 90 ° C was added. They were emulsified for 7 min and an emulsion matrix with a temperature of 82 ° C was obtained.

EMUs were prepared by mixing 63% of the matrix and 37% of the solid phase from granules of ammonium nitrate with the addition of a 2.0% aqueous solution of sodium nitrite with a concentration of 10% (in excess of 100%). After stirring, the composition had a temperature of 58 ° C and, when placed in a plastic shell with a diameter of 90 mm, after holding for 2 hours, it had a charge density of 1.17 g / cm ³ . Upon initiation, as in Example 4, it detonated at a speed of 4.58-4.72 km / s. After storage for 6 months, the detonation speed is 4.63-4.70 km / s.

The components in the resulting EMU were included in the following calculated mass ratios,%:

emulsion matrix: 63.0, including: hydrocarbon mixture: 5.04, including: - PAS - II 1.66, including: - stabilizer from isomers of polyisobutylene 0.17 - additional emulsion stabilizer - petrolatum 1,0 - industrial oil 2,37 an aqueous solution of an oxidizing salt: 57.96, including: - water 8.19 - urea 1.26 - ammonium nitrate 48.51 solid phase from granules of ammonium nitrate 37.0

Example 6

Prepared a mixture of hydrocarbons having the composition,%:

PAS (III) - a mixture of 50/50 polyisobutylene succinic anhydride and its amino ester with a mass fraction of an emulsion stabilizer from unreacted polyisobutylene isomers of 20% - 28.0, an additional emulsion stabilizer - petrolatum with a dropping point of 72 ° C - 18.0, industrial oil - 54 , 0.

To 8.5% of this mixture, 91.5% of an aqueous oxidizing solution was added with stirring, which contained 17.0 water, 2.0% urea and 72.5% ammonium nitrate; emulsification lasted 5 minutes The resulting emulsion matrix had a temperature of 80 ° C.

EMUs were prepared by mixing 67% of the emulsion matrix, 33% of the solid phase from granules of ammonium nitrate and 0.7% (in excess of 100%) of an aqueous solution of sodium nitrite with a concentration of 20%. After mixing, the composition had a temperature of 64 ° C and, being placed in a plastic shell with a diameter of 90 mm, after holding for 2 hours, it had a density of 1.15 g / cm ³ and detonated at a speed of 4.92-5.16 km / s upon initiation as in Example 4. After storage for 6 months, the detonation speed is 4.89-5.21 km / s.

The components in the resulting EMU were included in the following calculated mass ratios,%:

emulsion matrix: 67.0, including: hydrocarbon mixture: 5.7, including: - (PAS (III) 1.59, including: - stabilizer of isomers polyisobutylene 0.32 - additional emulsion stabilizer - petrolatum 1,03 - industrial oil 3.08 an aqueous solution of an oxidizing salt: 61.3, including: - water 11,4 - urea 1.33 - ammonium nitrate 48.57 solid phase from granules of ammonium nitrate 33.0

EMU options, the implementation of which is confirmed by examples 4-6, contain components in the following calculated mass limits,%:

emulsion matrix: 63.0-67.0, including: hydrocarbon mixture: 5.04-6.5, including: - PAS I, II, III 1.43-1.66, including: - polymer stabilizer emulsion - polyisobutylene 0.17-0.43 - additional stabilizer emulsions - petrolatum 1.0-1.6 - industrial oil 2,37-4,03 an aqueous solution of an oxidizing salt: 57.96-61.3, including: - water 8.19-11.4 - urea 1.26-1.33 - ammonium nitrate 47.64-48.57 solid phase from nitrate granules ammonia 33.0-37.0.

The reagent-blowing agent is not included in the final EMU, because as a result of several reactions it turns into insignificant amounts of sodium nitrate, water and nitrogen gas, which provides the charge with the required density and susceptibility to the initiating pulse.

All formulations retained the detonation ability level established during testing for 6 months, which is sufficient for practical purposes.

The following group of examples covers emulsion formulations, the sensitization of which is carried out by glass microspheres (examples 7-9) and polymer (examples 10-12). It is economically feasible to use sensitization with EMF microspheres intended for small diameter cartridges - 32, 36 mm.

The procedure for obtaining this group of compositions does not differ fundamentally from the above examples: a mixture of hydrocarbons is prepared with heating with stirring, an aqueous solution of a mixture of oxidizing agents (from two nitrate and urea) is poured onto it, emulsified, the resulting matrix is mixed with microspheres and a solid phase in the form of granules saltpeter. The temperature conditions of the processes are within the previous examples. The advantage of EMUs containing microspheres is the high reproducibility of detonation properties, regardless of temperature, time and mixing conditions, in contrast to sensitization by chemical gas saturation.

Example 7

For the preparation of EMU, a mixture of hydrocarbons was used, which corresponds to Example 4: PAS- (1) - 22% with a mass fraction of unreacted polyisobutylene isomers of 30%; additional emulsion stabilizer - petrolatum -16%; industrial oil - 62.0%.

To 7.5% of this mixture of hydrocarbons, 92.5% of an aqueous solution of oxidizing agents was added with stirring: 15% water; 0.5% urea, 8% sodium nitrate, 69% ammonium nitrate. The mixture was emulsified for 5 minutes to obtain an emulsion matrix with a temperature of 80 ° C.

EMUs were obtained by mixing 79% of the matrix, 17% of the solid phase in the form of granules of ammonium nitrate and 4% glass microspheres. The initial temperature when mixing 80 ° C, the final - 65 ° C; duration - 10 minutes

The obtained EMU had a density of 1.08 g / cm ³ , and, being placed in polymer shells with a diameter of 32 and 36 mm, it detonated at a speed of 4.58-4.66 km / s, respectively, when initiated by electric detonator No. 8. After storage for 6 months, the detonation speed is 4.62-4.71 km / s.

The components in the resulting EMU were included in the following calculated mass ratios,%:

emulsion matrix: 79.0, including: hydrocarbon mixture: 7.5, including: - (PAS-1) 1.3, including: - emulsion stabilizer from polyisobutylene 0.4 - additional emulsion stabilizer - petrolatum 0.95 - industrial oil 5.25 aqueous solution of oxidizing salts: 71.5, including: - water 12.8 - sodium nitrate 6.8 - urea 0.4 - ammonium nitrate 50,2 solid phase - ammonium nitrate granular 17.0 sensitizer - glass microspheres 4.0.

Example 8

For the preparation of EMU, a mixture of hydrocarbons was used, similar to Example 5: PAS (P) - 33% with a mass fraction of unreacted polyisobutylene isomers of 10%; additional emulsion stabilizer - petrolatum 20.0%; industrial oil - 47.0%.

To 9% of this mixture of hydrocarbons, 91% of an aqueous solution of oxidizing agents was added with stirring: 11.0% water, 0.5% urea, 8% sodium nitrate, 71.5% ammonium nitrate. Emulsification time 7 min; emulsion matrix temperature 84 ° C.

EMUs were prepared by mixing 82.7% of the matrix, 14.0% of the solid phase in the form of granules of ammonium nitrate and 3.3% of glass microspheres. Initial mixing temperature 80 ° C, final 60 ° C; duration 8 minutes

The obtained EMU had a density of 1.16 g / cm ³ and, being placed in polymer shells with a diameter of 32 and 36 mm, detonated at a speed of 4.51 and 4.62 km / s, respectively, when initiated by an electric detonator No. 8. After storage for 6 months, the detonation speed is 4.48-4.56 km / s.

The components in the resulting EMU were included in the following calculated mass ratios,%:

emulsion matrix: 82.7, including: hydrocarbon mixture 7.44, including: - PAS - II 2.46, including: - stabilizer made of polyisobutylene 0.25 - additional emulsion stabilizer petrolatum 1.48 - industrial oil 3,5 aqueous solution of oxidizing salts: 75.26, including: - water 8.28 - sodium nitrate 6.0 - urea 0.4 - ammonium nitrate 60.58 solid phase - ammonium nitrate granular 14.0 sensitizer - glass microspheres 3.3.

Example 9

For the preparation of EMU used a mixture of hydrocarbons, similar to example 6: PAS-III - 28% with a mass fraction of unreacted polyisobutylene isomers of 20%; additional emulsion stabilizer - petrolatum - 18.0%; industrial oil - 54.0%.

To 8.0% of this mixture of hydrocarbons, 92% aqueous solution of oxidizing agents was added with stirring: 13.0% water, 0.5% urea, 8.0% sodium nitrate, 70.5% ammonium nitrate. The emulsification time of 3 minutes, the resulting emulsion matrix had a temperature of 80 ° C.

EMUs were obtained by mixing 81.5% of the matrix, 16.0% of the solid phase — granules of ammonium nitrate and 2.5% glass microspheres. The initial temperature when mixing 78 ° C, the final 65 ° C; duration 8 minutes

The obtained EMU had a density of 1.21 g / cm ³ and, being placed in polymer shells with a diameter of 32 and 36 mm, detonated at a speed of 4.8 and 4.95 km / s, respectively, when initiated by an electric detonator No. 8. After storage for 6 months, the detonation speed is 4.69-4.83 km / s.

The components in the resulting EMU were included in the following calculated mass ratios,%:

emulsion matrix: 81.5, including: hydrocarbon mixture: 6.52, including: 1.83, including - PAS-III including: - emulsion stabilizer polyisobutylene 0.37 - additional stabilizer emulsions - petrolatum 1.17 - industrial oil 3.52 aqueous solution of oxidizing salts: 92.0, including: - water 10.6 - sodium nitrate 6.52 - urea 0.4 - ammonium nitrate 57.46 solid phase - ammonium nitrate granular 16.0. sensitizer - glass microspheres 2.5.

EMU options, the implementation of which is confirmed by examples 7-9, contain components in the following calculated mass limits,%:

emulsion matrix: 79.0-82.7, including: hydrocarbon mixture: 6.52-7.50, including: - surface-active compound - I, II, III 1.3-2.46, including: - polymer stabilizer emulsion - polyisobutylene 0.25-0.40 - additional stabilizer emulsions - petrolatum 0.95-1.48 - industrial oil 3,50-5,25 aqueous solution of oxidizing salts: 71.5-75.26, including: - water 8.28-12.6 - sodium nitrate 6.0-6.8 - urea 0.39-0.41 - ammonium nitrate 50,20-60,58 solid phase - ammonium nitrate granular 14.0-17.0 sensitizer - glass microspheres 2.5-4.0

The following examples 10-12 cover EMUs that were sensitized with polymer microspheres, for example, the brand "Expancel". The advantage of this type of microspheres is due to the fact that they have a low true density - 0.025 g / cm ³ versus 0.20-0.22 g / cm ³ for glass. Due to this, their effective amount in EMU is 0.3-0.5%. In addition, the material of these microspheres, burning during the explosion, although slightly, but increases the energy of the composition.

Example 10

A mixture of hydrocarbons was prepared, identical to Example 7: PAS-1 - 22%, containing 30% of a polymer stabilizer in the form of polyisobutylene; additional stabilizer - petrolatum - 16%; industrial oil - 62.0%.

To 8.0% of this mixture of hydrocarbons, 92,% aqueous solution of oxidizing agents was added with stirring: 11.0% water, 8.0% sodium nitrate, 0.5% carbamide and 72.5% ammonium nitrate. At a temperature of 80 ° C, a mixture of hydrocarbons and a solution of oxidizing agents were mixed for 5 minutes and an emulsion matrix was obtained.

EMUs were prepared by mixing 81.6% of the emulsion matrix, 18% of the solid phase — granules of ammonium nitrate and 0.4% Expancel microspheres. The initial mixing temperature is 75 ° C, the final is 65 ° C, and the duration is 5 minutes.

The resulting composition had a density of 1.15 g / cm ³ , and, being placed in polymer shells with a diameter of 32 and 36 mm, detonated at a speed of 4.72 and 4.80 km / s, respectively, when initiated by an electric detonator No. 8. After storage for 6 months, the detonation speed is 4.68-4.83 km / s.

The components in the resulting EMU were included in the following calculated mass ratios,%:

emulsion matrix: 81.6, including: hydrocarbon mixture: 6.53, including: -PAS - 1 1.44, including: - polymer stabilizer emulsion - polyisobutylene 0.43 - additional stabilizer emulsions - petrolatum 1,04 - industrial oil 4.05 aqueous solution of oxidizing salts: 75.07, including: - water 9.0 - sodium nitrate 6.5 - urea 0.41 - ammonium nitrate 59.19 solid phase - ammonium nitrate granular 18.0. Sensitizer - polymer microspheres "Expancel" 0.4.

Example 11

A mixture of hydrocarbons was prepared, identical to Example 8: PAS - (P) - 33%, containing 10% of a polymer stabilizer in the form of polyisobutylene; additional stabilizer - petrolatum 20.0%; industrial oil - 47.0%.

To 9% of this mixture of hydrocarbons, 91% of an aqueous solution of oxidizing agents was added with stirring: 13.0% water, 8.0% sodium nitrate, 0.5% urea, 69.5% ammonium nitrate. At a temperature of 85 ° C, the hydrocarbon mixture and the oxidizing solution were mixed for 3 minutes to obtain an emulsion matrix.

EMUs were prepared by mixing 85.7% of the matrix, 14.0% of the solid phase — granules of ammonium nitrate and 0.3% Expancel microspheres; initial mixing temperature 83 ° C, final - 72 ° C; duration 7 minutes

The resulting composition had a density of 1.21 g / cm ³ and, being placed in polymer shells with a diameter of 32 and 36 mm, detonated at a speed of 4.26 and 4.33 km / s, respectively, when initiated by an electric detonator No. 8. After storage for 6 months, the detonation speed is 4.28-4.36 km / s.

The components in the resulting EMU were included in the following calculated mass ratios,%:

emulsion matrix: 85.7, including: hydrocarbon mixture: 7.7, including: - PAS - II 2.54, including: - polymer stabilizer emulsions - polyisobutylene 0.3 - additional stabilizer emulsions - petrolatum 1,54 - industrial oil 3.62 aqueous solution of oxidizing salts 77.9, including: - water 11.13 - sodium nitrate 6.85 - urea 0.43 - ammonium nitrate 59.49 solid phase - granular ammonium nitrate 14.0 sensitizer - polymer microspheres "Expancel" 0.3

Example 12

A mixture of hydrocarbons was prepared, identical to Example 9: PAS - III - 28%, containing 20% of a polymer stabilizer in the form of polyisobutylene; additional emulsion stabilizer - petrolatum - 18.0%; industrial oil - 54.0%.

To 7.5% of this mixture of hydrocarbons, 83.6% of an aqueous solution of oxidizing agents was added with stirring: 15.0% water; 8.0% sodium nitrate; 0.5% urea; 60.1% ammonium nitrate. At a temperature of 75 ° C, the hydrocarbon mixture and the oxidizing solution were mixed for 7 minutes to obtain an emulsion matrix.

EMUs were prepared by mixing 83.5% of the matrix, 16.0% of the solid phase - granules of ammonium nitrate and 0.5% Expancel microspheres; initial mixing temperature 73 ° C, final - 68 ° C; mixing time 5 minutes

The resulting composition had a density of 1.12 g / cm ³ and, being placed in polymer shells with a diameter of 32 and 36 mm, detonated at a speed of 4.87 and 4.96 km / s, respectively, when initiated by an electric detonator No. 8. After storage for 6 months, the detonation speed is 4.86-5.03 km / s.

The components in the resulting EMU were included in the following calculated mass ratios,%:

emulsion matrix: 83.5, including: hydrocarbon mixture: 6.26, including: -PAS - III 1.75, including: - polymer stabilizer emulsions - polyisobutylene 0.35 - additional stabilizer emulsions - petrolatum 1.13 - industrial oil 3.38 aqueous solution of oxidizing salts: 77.24, including - water 12.53 - sodium nitrate 6.68 - urea 0.42 - ammonium nitrate 57.61 solid phase - ammonium nitrate granular 16,0 sensitizer - microspheres 0.5

EMU options, the implementation of which is confirmed by examples 10-12, contain components in the following calculated mass limits,%:

emulsion matrix: 81.6-85.7, including: hydrocarbon mixture: 6.26-7.70, including: - surface-active compound - I, II, III 1.44-2.54, including: - polymer stabilizer emulsions - polyisobutylene 0.3-0.43 - additional stabilizer emulsions - petrolatum 1.04-1.54 - industrial oil 3.38-4.05 aqueous solution of oxidizing salts: 75.07-77.9, including: - water 9.0-12.53 - sodium nitrate 6.5-6.85 - urea 0.41-0.43 - ammonium nitrate 57.61-59.49 solid phase - ammonium nitrate granular 14.0-18.0 sensitizer - microspheres polymer 0.3-0.5

After storage for 6 months, the compositions retained the established level of detonation ability.

The use of foamed polystyrene for this purpose should be considered as a special case of sensitization of EMU with polymer microspheres. Usually, when it is foamed, particles are obtained whose dimensions are 3-8 mm. They are practically not suitable for introduction into EMUs used in small-diameter cartridges. Particles with a diameter of 1 to 5 mm correspond to this goal, which ensures the selection of the dispersion of the initial (non-foamed) polystyrene and the foaming mode. An attractive feature of EMU for sensitization with polystyrene is its low detonation velocity, usually in the range of 1.5–2.5 km / s. The scope of such EMUs is associated with the extraction of valuable crystalline raw materials, such as diamonds, and providing the required profile of the workings with minimal impact on the surrounding massif - tunnels, rifted workings in mines, etc., defined as contour blasting.

Examples 13-15 show the possibility of implementing EMU sensitized with foamed polystyrene and detonating in a low speed mode. For their sensitization, polystyrene particles with a size in the range of 1-4 mm were used.

The components in the hydrocarbon mixture were introduced in ratios identical to those described in Examples 4-12.

Example 13

A mixture of hydrocarbons was prepared,%: PAS-I with a mass fraction of polyisobutylene emulsion stabilizer 30.0% - 22.0; an additional emulsion stabilizer - petrolatum - 16.0%; industrial oil - 62.0%.

To 7.5% of this mixture was added 92.5% aqueous oxidizing solution containing 10.0% water; 0.5% urea; 8.0% sodium nitrate; 71.5% ammonium nitrate, emulsified for 5 min and received an emulsion matrix with a temperature of 80 ° C.

EMUs were prepared by mixing 98.4% of the matrix and 1.6% of expanded polystyrene with a particle size of 1 to 4 mm, mixed for 10 minutes and obtained a composition with a density of 1.12 g / cm ³ , which, being placed in a polymer shell with a diameter of 36 mm , detonated at a speed of 2.3 km / s from the pulse of electric detonator No. 8. After storage for 6 months, the detonation speed is 2.12 km / s.

The components in the resulting EMU were included in the following calculated mass ratios,%:

emulsion matrix: 94.4, including: hydrocarbon mixture: 7.38, including: - PAS - 1 1.62, including: - emulsion stabilizer - polyisobutylene 0.48 - additional stabilizer emulsions - petrolatum 1.18 - industrial oil 4,58 aqueous solution of oxidizing salts 97.02, including: - water 9.84 - urea 0.49 - sodium nitrate 7.87 - ammonium nitrate 72.82 sensitizer - polystyrene foam 1,6

Example 14

The prepared mixture of hydrocarbons had the composition,%: PAS - II with a mass fraction of a polyisobutylene emulsion stabilizer of 10.0% - 33.0; additional emulsion stabilizer - petrolatum - 20.0; industrial oil - 47.0.

To 8.5% of this mixture was added 91.5% aqueous solution of oxidizing agents containing 15.0% water; 0.5% urea; 8.0% sodium nitrate; 68.0% ammonium nitrate, emulsified for 7 min and obtained an emulsion matrix with a temperature of 82 ° C.

EMUs were prepared by mixing 91.1% of the matrix and 2.3% of expanded polystyrene with a maximum particle size of 1-4 mm, mixed for 10 minutes and obtained a composition with a density of 0.92 g / cm ³ , which, being placed in a polymer shell with a diameter of 36 mm , detonated at a speed of 1.58 km / s from the pulse of electric detonator No. 8. After storage for 6 months, the detonation speed is 1.46 km / s.

The components in the resulting EMU were included in the following calculated mass ratios,%:

emulsion matrix: 97.7, including: hydrocarbon mixture: 8.3, including: - PAS - II 2.74, including: - emulsion stabilizer - polyisobutylene 0.27 - additional emulsion stabilizer - petrolatum 1.66 - industrial oil 4.9 aqueous solution of oxidizing salts: 89.4, including: - water 13,4 - urea 0.45 - sodium nitrate 7.15 - ammonium nitrate 68,4 sensitizer - polystyrene foam 2,3

Example 15

A mixture of hydrocarbons was prepared having the composition,%: PAS - III with a mass fraction of polyisobutylene emulsion stabilizer of 20.0% - 28.0; additional emulsion stabilizer - petrolatum - 18.0; industrial oil - 54.0.

To 8.0% of this mixture was added 92.0% aqueous oxidizing solution containing 12.5% water; 0.5% urea; 8.0% sodium nitrate; 71.0% ammonium nitrate, emulsified for 3 min, and an emulsion matrix with a temperature of 80 ° C was obtained.

EMUs were prepared by mixing 98.1% of the matrix and 1.9% of expanded polystyrene with a limiting particle size of 1-4 mm, mixed for 5 minutes and obtained a composition with a density of 1.03 g / cm ³ , which, being placed in a polymer shell with a diameter of 36 mm , detonated at a speed of 1.96 km / s from the pulse of electric detonator No. 8. After storage for 6 months, the detonation speed is 1.78 km / s.

The components in the resulting EMU were included in the following calculated mass ratios,%:

emulsion matrix 98.1, including: - a mixture of hydrocarbons 8.0, including: - PAS - III 2.24, including: - emulsion stabilizer - polyisobutylene 0.45 - additional stabilizer emulsions - petrolatum 1.44 - industrial oil 4.32 aqueous solution of oxidizing salts: 90.1, including: - water 11.26 - urea 0.45 - sodium nitrate 7.21 - ammonium nitrate 71.18 sensitizer - polystyrene foam 1.9

Variants of EMU sensitized with expanded polystyrene, the implementation of which is confirmed by examples 13-15, contain components in the following calculated mass limits,%:

emulsion matrix: 97.7-98.4, including: hydrocarbon mixture: 7.38-8.3, including: - PAS - I, II, III 1.62-2.74, including: - emulsion stabilizer - polyisobutylene 0.27-0.48 - additional stabilizer emulsions - petrolatum 1.18-1.66 - industrial oil 4.32-4.90 aqueous solution of oxidizing agents: 89.4-91.02, including: - water 9.84-13.4 - urea 0.45-0.49 - sodium nitrate 7.15-7.87 - ammonium nitrate 68.4-72.82 sensitizer - polystyrene foam 1.6-2.3

Claims (8)

1. A mixture of hydrocarbons for the production of emulsion explosive compositions, including a surface-active compound, including a polymer stabilizer, an additional stabilizer of a mixture of fusible hydrocarbon, and industrial oil, characterized in that the surface-active compound contains polyisobutylene succinic anhydride or its amino ester in as a condensation product of polyisobutylene succinic anhydride with alkanolamine, or a mixture thereof, as a polymer stabilizer, polyisobutylene isomers remaining in the reaction mass that did not react during the synthesis of the surface-active compound, and as an additional stabilizer of the mixture, a fusible hydrocarbon in the form of a petrolatum with a dropping point of 48 ° C or in the form of a petrolatum with a dropping point of 72 ° C in the following ratio of components, wt.%: surface -active compound 22-33, polymer stabilizer 10-30, additional stabilizer mixture 16-20, industrial oil - the rest is up to 100. 2. A hydrocarbon mixture according to claim 1, characterized in that polyisobutylene succinic anhydride with a mass fraction of unreacted isomers of 20% is used. 3. A hydrocarbon mixture according to claim 1, characterized in that polyisobutylene succinic anhydride with a mass fraction of unreacted isomers of 10% is used. 4. A hydrocarbon mixture according to claim 1, characterized in that polyisobutylene succinic anhydride with a mass fraction of unreacted isomers of 30% is used. 5. An emulsion explosive composition containing a mixture of hydrocarbons containing a surface-active compound, including a polymer stabilizer and an additional stabilizer of a mixture of fusible hydrocarbon, and industrial oil, as well as an aqueous solution of an oxidizing salt dispersed in a mixture, a sensitizer in the form of an aqueous solution of sodium nitrite and a solid phase in the form of granules of ammonium nitrate, characterized in that the components of a mixture of hydrocarbons, an aqueous solution of an oxidizing salt, a sensitizer and a solid phase are characterized by blowing a weight ratio of components,%:
hydrocarbon mixture: 5.05-6.50, including: surface active compound 1.43-4.66, including: polymer stabilizer emulsion in the form isomers of polyisobutylene 0.17-0.43 additional stabilizer emulsions - petrolatum with temperature dropping point 48 ° С 1.0-1.6 industrial oil 2,37-4,03 an aqueous solution of an oxidizing salt: 57.96-61.30 including: water 8.19-11.40 ammonium nitrate 47.64-48.57 urea 1.26-1.33 solid phase 33.0-37.0 sensitizer 0.7-2.0 (over 100%) 6. An emulsion explosive composition containing a mixture of hydrocarbons, containing a surface-active compound, including a polymer stabilizer and an additional stabilizer of a mixture of fusible hydrocarbon, and industrial oil, as well as an aqueous solution of oxidizing salts dispersed in a mixture, a sensitizer in the form of glass microspheres and a solid phase in the form of granules of ammonium nitrate, characterized in that the components of a mixture of hydrocarbons, an aqueous solution of oxidizing salts, a sensitizer and a solid phase are characterized by the following asses component ratio,%:
hydrocarbon mixture: 6.52-7.50, including: surface active compound 1.30-2.46, including: polymeric emulsion stabilizer in as isomers of polyisobutylene 0.25-0.40 additional stabilizer emulsions - petrolatum 0.95-1.48 industrial oil 3,50-5,25 aqueous solution of oxidizing salts: 71.50-75.26, including: water 8.28-12.60 sodium nitrate 6.0-6.8 ammonium nitrate 50,20-60,58 urea 0.39-0.41 solid phase 14.0-17.0 sensitizer 2.5-4.0 7. An emulsion explosive composition containing a mixture of hydrocarbons, containing a surface-active compound, including a polymer stabilizer and an additional stabilizer of a mixture of fusible hydrocarbon, and industrial oil, as well as an aqueous solution of oxidizing salts dispersed in a mixture, a sensitizer in the form of Expancel polymer microspheres and solid phase in the form of granules of ammonium nitrate, characterized in that the components of a mixture of hydrocarbons, an aqueous solution of oxidizing salts, a sensitizer and a solid phase are characterized by uyuschim weight ratio of components,%:
hydrocarbon mixture: 6.26-7.70, including: surface active compound 1.44-2.54, including: polymer stabilizer emulsion in the form isomers of polyisobutylene 0.30-0.43 additional stabilizer emulsions - petrolatum 1.04-1.54 industrial oil 3.38-4.05 aqueous solution of oxidizing salts: 75.07-77.90, including: water 9.0-12.53 sodium nitrate 6.50-6.85 ammonium nitrate 57.61-59.49 urea 0.41-0.43 solid phase 14.0-18.0 sensitizer 0.3-0.5 8. An emulsion explosive composition containing a mixture of hydrocarbons containing a surface-active compound, including a polymer stabilizer and an additional stabilizer of a mixture of fusible hydrocarbon, and industrial oil, as well as an aqueous solution of oxidizing salts dispersed in a mixture, a sensitizer in the form of foamed polystyrene, characterized in that the components of a mixture of hydrocarbons, an aqueous solution of salts of oxidizing agents, a sensitizer are characterized by the following mass ratio of components,%:
hydrocarbon mixture: 7.38-8.30, including: surface active compound 1.62-2.74, including: polymer stabilizer emulsion in the form isomers of polyisobutylene 0.27-0.48 additional emulsion stabilizer - petrolatum 1.18-1.66 industrial oil 4.32-4.90 aqueous solution of oxidizing salts: 89.4-91.02 including: water 9.84-13.40 sodium nitrate 7.15-7.87 ammonium nitrate 68.4-72.82 urea 0.45-0.49 sensitizer 1.6-2.3