NO812482L - EXPLOSIVE EXPLANATOR IN THE FORM OF EMULSION. - Google Patents
EXPLOSIVE EXPLANATOR IN THE FORM OF EMULSION.Info
- Publication number
- NO812482L NO812482L NO812482A NO812482A NO812482L NO 812482 L NO812482 L NO 812482L NO 812482 A NO812482 A NO 812482A NO 812482 A NO812482 A NO 812482A NO 812482 L NO812482 L NO 812482L
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- discontinuous phase
- emulsion
- stated
- agent
- weight
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 title claims description 21
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 title claims description 10
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- CLXPQCKVAYIJQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbamoylazanium;perchlorate Chemical compound NC(N)=O.OCl(=O)(=O)=O CLXPQCKVAYIJQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 16
- 206010056508 Acquired epidermolysis bullosa Diseases 0.000 description 14
- 229920006245 ethylene-butyl acrylate Polymers 0.000 description 14
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 7
- -1 alkaline earth metal salts Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004005 microsphere Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- TZRXHJWUDPFEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)OCC(CO[N+]([O-])=O)(CO[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+]([O-])=O TZRXHJWUDPFEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chlorate Chemical compound [O-]Cl(=O)=O XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formamide Chemical compound NC=O ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical group CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000006071 cream Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylenetetramine Chemical compound C1N(C2)CN3CN1CN2C3 VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- QHDUJTCUPWHNPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 7-methoxy-2h-indazole-3-carboxylate Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC2=C(C(=O)OC)NN=C21 QHDUJTCUPWHNPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- HBXWUCXDUUJDRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octadecoxyoctadecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC HBXWUCXDUUJDRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OWEGMIWEEQEYGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 100676-05-9 Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(OC2C(OC(O)C(O)C2O)CO)O1 OWEGMIWEEQEYGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DYSXLQBUUOPLBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dinitrotoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1[N+]([O-])=O DYSXLQBUUOPLBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HZTVIZREFBBQMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene;[3-nitrooxy-2,2-bis(nitrooxymethyl)propyl] nitrate Chemical compound CC1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+](=O)OCC(CO[N+]([O-])=O)(CO[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+]([O-])=O HZTVIZREFBBQMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930091371 Fructose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000005715 Fructose Substances 0.000 description 1
- RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N Fructose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@](O)(CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000043261 Hevea brasiliensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004166 Lanolin Substances 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-PICCSMPSSA-N Maltose Natural products O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-PICCSMPSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGHVFDVVZRNMHY-NXVVXOECSA-N Oleyl laurate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC UGHVFDVVZRNMHY-NXVVXOECSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002367 Polyisobutene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004164 Wax ester Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- RAESLDWEUUSRLO-UHFFFAOYSA-O aminoazanium;nitrate Chemical compound [NH3+]N.[O-][N+]([O-])=O RAESLDWEUUSRLO-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012164 animal wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QUYVBRFLSA-N beta-maltose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QUYVBRFLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007792 gaseous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005456 glyceride group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000010299 hexamethylene tetramine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004312 hexamethylene tetramine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 235000019388 lanolin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940039717 lanolin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000250 methylamino group Chemical group [H]N(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012184 mineral wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013379 molasses Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920003052 natural elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001194 natural rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001117 oleyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])/C([H])=C([H])\C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229940082615 organic nitrates used in cardiac disease Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000002918 oxazolines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 description 1
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M perchlorate Inorganic materials [O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 150000003014 phosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012047 saturated solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001235 sensitizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004449 solid propellant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002195 soluble material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000153 supplemental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003051 synthetic elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005061 synthetic rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019386 wax ester Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B47/00—Compositions in which the components are separately stored until the moment of burning or explosion, e.g. "Sprengel"-type explosives; Suspensions of solid component in a normally non-explosive liquid phase, including a thickened aqueous phase
- C06B47/14—Compositions in which the components are separately stored until the moment of burning or explosion, e.g. "Sprengel"-type explosives; Suspensions of solid component in a normally non-explosive liquid phase, including a thickened aqueous phase comprising a solid component and an aqueous phase
- C06B47/145—Water in oil emulsion type explosives in which a carbonaceous fuel forms the continuous phase
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B43/00—Compositions characterised by explosive or thermic constituents not provided for in groups C06B25/00 - C06B41/00
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Colloid Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Cosmetics (AREA)
- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
Description
Oppfinnelsen vedrører sprungmidler av emulsjonstype som har en diskontinuerlig fase og en karbonholdig brenselkomponent som danner en kontinuerlig fase. The invention relates to emulsion-type explosives which have a discontinuous phase and a carbonaceous fuel component which forms a continuous phase.
Sprengmidler av emulsjonstype (EBA) er velkjente kommer-sielle eksplosivblandinger, men de er generelt bare detonerba-re. med vanskelighet, og det er derfor vanlig å innblande i dem et sensibiliseringsmiddel i form av en gass, f.eks. luft,, enten • i form av bobler eller i mikrosfærer av glass eller plast. Således omfatter konvensjonelle EBA vanligvis en diskontinuerlig vandig fase som omfatter en løsning av oksyderende salter, ofte og-så inneholdende oksyderende salt suspendert som fine partikler, i en kontinuerlig oljefase og også inneholdende en tredje, gassformig fase dispergért i emulsjonen som gassbobler. Emulsjonen er stabilisert mot væskeseparasjon ved hjelp av et lipo-filt emulgeringsmiddel. Slike emulsjoner kan også tjene som de-tonerbare grunnmasser for å bære faste brennstoffer, f.eks. aluminium eller uorganiske oksydasjonsmidler med lav løselighet. EBA kan typisk lages i et utvalg av former fra stive plastiske kremer til nesten fluide, pumpbare produkter. En stiv kremkon-sistens foretrekkes vanligvis. Emulsion-type explosives (EBAs) are well-known commercial explosive mixtures, but they are generally only detonable. with difficulty, and it is therefore common to mix in them a sensitizing agent in the form of a gas, e.g. air,, either • in the form of bubbles or in microspheres of glass or plastic. Thus, conventional EBA usually comprises a discontinuous aqueous phase comprising a solution of oxidizing salts, often also containing oxidizing salt suspended as fine particles, in a continuous oil phase and also containing a third, gaseous phase dispersed in the emulsion as gas bubbles. The emulsion is stabilized against liquid separation by means of a lipophilic emulsifier. Such emulsions can also serve as detonable bases for carrying solid fuels, e.g. aluminum or inorganic oxidizing agents with low solubility. EBA can typically be made in a variety of forms from stiff plastic creams to almost fluid, pumpable products. A stiff cream consistency is usually preferred.
Slike produkter er f.eks. beskrevet i US-patentskrifterSuch products are e.g. described in US patent documents
3 447 978, 3 674 578, 3 770 522, 4 149 916, 4 149 917, 4 111 727 og 4 104 092. 3,447,978, 3,674,578, 3,770,522, 4,149,916, 4,149,917, 4,111,727 and 4,104,092.
EBA har vanligvis en "intrinsic'' densitet i området rundt 1,45 g/cm 3, idet den okkluderte gass reduserer denne til 1,2 g/cm 3 eller mindre, og sensibiliteten til den gass-sensi-biliserte EBA står i omvendt forhold til dens densitet for en gitt kjemisk sammensetning. Hvis imidlertid gassbobler er in-kludert i emulsjonene, så har de tendens til å koalescere, hvorved detbnerbarheten til produktet reduseres, og dette over-vinnes av og til ved å innarbeide gassen innesluttet i mikrosfærer av glass eller annet materiale. Anvendelse av slike ytterligere komponenter øker dog prisen på produktet betydelig. EBA usually has an "intrinsic" density in the region of around 1.45 g/cm 3 , with the occluded gas reducing this to 1.2 g/cm 3 or less, and the sensitivity of the gas-sensitized EBA is in reverse relative to its density for a given chemical composition. If, however, gas bubbles are included in the emulsions, then they tend to coalesce, thereby reducing the spreadability of the product, and this is sometimes overcome by incorporating the gas enclosed in microspheres of glass or other material.However, the use of such additional components significantly increases the price of the product.
Vi har nå funnet at det er mulig å fremstille et sprengmiddel av emulsjonstype som for sin detonering ikke er avhengig av nærvær av en gassformig komponent sorn sensibiliseringsmiddel, eller som, hvis en gassformig sensibi1 isa tor behøves, krever mindre enn hva som ville være nødvendig under anvendelse av konvensjonelle oksydasjonsmidler. We have now found that it is possible to produce an emulsion-type explosive which does not depend for its detonation on the presence of a gaseous component such as a sensitizer, or which, if a gaseous sensitizer is required, requires less than would be necessary under use of conventional oxidizing agents.
Foreliggende oppfinnelse tilveiebringer derfor et sprengmiddel av emulsjonstype som omfatter en diskontinuerlig fase og The present invention therefore provides an emulsion-type explosive which comprises a discontinuous phase and
,en karbonholdig brenselkomponent som danner en kontinuerlig fase, hvor den diskontinuerlige fase omfatter en vandig løsning av ureaperklorat. , a carbonaceous fuel component which forms a continuous phase, where the discontinuous phase comprises an aqueous solution of urea perchlorate.
I tillegg til løsningen av ureaperklorat i vann kan den vandige fase eventuelt omfatte andre forlikelige vannløselige materialer, spesielt uorganiske oksyderende materialer, f.eks., ammoniumsalter, alkalimetall- og jordalkalimetallsalter, spesielt nitrat, klorat og perklorat, f.eks. slike som er nevnt i US-patentskrift 3 447 978 og annen litteratur, samt hydrazin-nitrat. Naturen og mengden av de forskjellige ingredienser vil In addition to the solution of urea perchlorate in water, the aqueous phase may optionally comprise other compatible water-soluble materials, especially inorganic oxidizing materials, e.g., ammonium salts, alkali metal and alkaline earth metal salts, especially nitrate, chlorate and perchlorate, e.g. such as are mentioned in US patent 3,447,978 and other literature, as well as hydrazine nitrate. The nature and amount of the different ingredients will
bli valgt spesielt med hensyn til løselighetseffekten av blandingen av slike ingredienser. Eksempelvis er ureanitrat bare sparsomt løselig i vann, og det foretrekkes derfor at hvis et løselig nitrat inkluderes i produktet, vil det bare være til stede i en slik mengde at emulgeringen av blandingen ikke i urimelig grad forringes ved dannelse av fast ureanitrat. be selected particularly with regard to the solubility effect of the mixture of such ingredients. For example, urea nitrate is only sparingly soluble in water, and it is therefore preferred that if a soluble nitrate is included in the product, it will only be present in such an amount that the emulsification of the mixture is not unreasonably impaired by the formation of solid urea nitrate.
Den vandige komponent i emulsjonen dannes vanligvis ved oppvarmninq av vannet og å oppløse i det de ønskede vannløseli-ge komponenter. Blandingen oppvarmes vanligvis til 50°C, eller en slik annen temperatur som er aktuell, inntil det inntreffer fullstendig løsning, oq oppvarmningen kan utføres før eller under dannelse av emulsjonen. Det foretrekkes at mengden av lø-sningsmiddel og løst stoff velges slik at i den endelige, emulsjon, etter at den er avkjølt til omgivelsestemperatur,'er den vandige komponent overmettet, selv om en viss krystallisasjon, som resulterer i.nærvær av krystaller i den vandige komponent, kanskje ikke vil pøvirke egenskapene til sprengmidlet i urimelig grad. The aqueous component in the emulsion is usually formed by heating the water and dissolving in it the desired water-soluble components. The mixture is usually heated to 50°C, or such other temperature as is relevant, until complete solution occurs, and the heating can be carried out before or during formation of the emulsion. It is preferred that the amount of solvent and solute is chosen so that in the final emulsion, after it has been cooled to ambient temperature, the aqueous component is supersaturated, although some crystallization, resulting in the presence of crystals in it aqueous component, may not affect the properties of the explosive to an unreasonable extent.
I tillegg til ureaperkloratet og, hvis sådanne er til stede eventuelle andre oksydasjonsmidler, kan vannfasen omfatte også vannløselige brennstoffkomponenter som kan tiene som su<p>plerende brensel. Som eksempler på sådanne kan nevnes løse-lige karb<p>hydratmaterialer, f.eks. glukose, sukrose, fruktose, maltose, melasse, lavere glykoler, formamid, urea, metyl/amin-nitrat, heksametylentetramin, heksanetylentetramin-riitrat, andre organiske nitrater etc. In addition to the urea perchlorate and, if such are present, any other oxidizing agents, the water phase can also include water-soluble fuel components that can serve as supplementary fuel. Examples of such can be mentioned soluble carbohydrate materials, e.g. glucose, sucrose, fructose, maltose, molasses, lower glycols, formamide, urea, methyl/amine nitrate, hexamethylenetetramine, hexaneethylenetetramine nitrate, other organic nitrates, etc.
Ureaperkloratet er gjerne til stede i den diskontinuerlige fase i EBA i henhold til oppfinnelsen i en mengde som utgjør fra ca. 20 til ca. 95 %, fortrinnsvis minst 30 % og helst minst 50 % av den diskontinuerlige.fase, selv om det vanligvis vil overstige 70 % og mer vanlig 80 % eller til og med 90 % eller 95 %, i vekt av den diskontinuerlige fase. Anvendelsen av re-lativt lave. nivåer av ureaperklorat, f.eks. under 60 %, kan kreve.nærvær av hjelpe-oksyderende komponenter for å tilveie-bringe de nødvendige detbnasjonskarakteristika. The urea perchlorate is often present in the discontinuous phase in the EBA according to the invention in an amount that amounts to from approx. 20 to approx. 95%, preferably at least 30% and most preferably at least 50% of the discontinuous phase, although it will usually exceed 70% and more usually 80% or even 90% or 95%, by weight of the discontinuous phase. The application of relatively low levels of urea perchlorate, e.g. below 60%, may require the presence of auxiliary oxidizing components to provide the necessary decomposition characteristics.
Den diskontinuerlige fase kan utgjøre fra ca. 20 til ca. The discontinuous phase can be from approx. 20 to approx.
97 %, selv om den vanligvis vil utgjøre mer enn ca. 40 %, fortrinnsvis mer enn 60 % og helst mer enn 80 % i vekt av EBA. Den nøyaktige andel vil naturligvis være avhengig av mengden av andre ingredienser som er til stede, slik det tilsammen utgjør.100 %. 97%, although it will usually amount to more than approx. 40%, preferably more than 60% and preferably more than 80% by weight of EBA. The exact proportion will of course depend on the amount of other ingredients that are present, as they add up to 100%.
Den annen komponent i EBA i henhold til oppfinnelsen er en karbonholdig brenselkomponent som danner en kontinuerlig fase. En slik komponent må være ikke-vannløselig og må være i stand til å danne en . vahn-i-olje-emulsjon med den vandige komponent når et passende emulgeringsmiddel er til stede i passen- The second component of the EBA according to the invention is a carbonaceous fuel component which forms a continuous phase. Such a component must be non-water soluble and must be able to form a . oil-in-oil emulsion with the aqueous component when a suitable emulsifier is present in the passen-
de mengde. Brenselkomponenten må være i stand til å bli gjort fluid for-å tillate dannelse av emulsjonen. Selv om det for noen formål kan være ønskelig at emulsjonen som til slutt fremstilles, har en fast eller nær fast kontinuerlig fase, vil det vanligvis være nødvendig at den kan gjøres tilstrekkelig fly-tende ved hevning av temperaturen til et aktuelt nivå for at emulgeringen skal inntreffe.' they quantity. The fuel component must be capable of being fluidized to allow formation of the emulsion. Although for some purposes it may be desirable for the emulsion that is finally produced to have a solid or near-solid continuous phase, it will usually be necessary that it can be made sufficiently fluid by raising the temperature to an appropriate level for the emulsification to occur.'
Den karbonholdige brenselkomponent inkluderer fortrinnsvis en voks og en oljekomponent, f.eks. i form av en intim voks/ oljeblanding, eller en voks-polymer modifisert oljekomponent. Brenselkomponenten kan således inkludere hydrokarboner, enten paraffiniske eller olefiniske, nafteniske, aromatiske,, mettede eller umettede. The carbonaceous fuel component preferably includes a wax and an oil component, e.g. in the form of an intimate wax/oil mixture, or a wax-polymer modified oil component. The fuel component can thus include hydrocarbons, either paraffinic or olefinic, naphthenic, aromatic, saturated or unsaturated.
Vokser som kan utgjøre del av den karbonholdige brenselkomponent inkluderer vokser, som stammer fra petroleum, mineralvok-ser, animalske vokser og insektvokser. De foretrukne vokser er slike som har smeltepunkter på minst 30°C og som er lett forlikelige,med den dannede emulsjon. Voksene har fortrinnsvis et smeltepunkt i området 40-75°C. Waxes which may form part of the carbonaceous fuel component include waxes derived from petroleum, mineral waxes, animal waxes and insect waxes. The preferred waxes are those which have melting points of at least 30°C and which are easily compatible with the emulsion formed. The waxes preferably have a melting point in the range 40-75°C.
En petroleum med egnet viskositet kan anvendes som kompo nent i det karbonholdige brensel, og typiske materialer for dette formål kan ha'Brookfiela-viskositeter ved 30°C i området 16.0-5000 centipoise-. A petroleum of suitable viscosity may be used as a component of the carbonaceous fuel, and typical materials for this purpose may have Brookfield viscosities at 30°C in the range of 16.0-5000 centipoise.
Ikke-flyktige, vann-uløselige polymere eller elastomere materialer, f.eks. naturgummi, syntetisk gummibg polyisobuty-len, kan inkluderes i brenselkomponenten, i likhet med kopoly-merer, f.eks. av butadien/styren, av isopren/isobutylen, eller av isobutylen/etylen. Non-volatile, water-insoluble polymeric or elastomeric materials, e.g. natural rubber, synthetic rubber, polyisobutylene, can be included in the fuel component, as can copolymers, e.g. of butadiene/styrene, of isoprene/isobutylene, or of isobutylene/ethylene.
Den karbonholdige brenselkomponent er generelt til stedeThe carbonaceous fuel component is generally present
i en mengde av 2-8 vektdeler pr. 100 vektdeler av EBA, selv om høyere andeler, f.eks. opp til 10, 15 eller til og med 20 % kan anvendes. in a quantity of 2-8 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of EBA, although higher proportions, e.g. up to 10, 15 or even 20% can be used.
Supplerende brennstoffer som kan inkluderes i den harbon-holdige brenselkomponent inkluderer fettsyrer,, høyere alkoholer, vegetabilske oljer; dinitrotoluen, nitratestere; og faste, partikkelformige materialer, f.eks. kull, grafitt, karbon, svo-vel aluminium, magnesium etc. Supplemental fuels that may be included in the carbon-containing fuel component include fatty acids, higher alcohols, vegetable oils; dinitrotoluene, nitrate esters; and solid, particulate materials, e.g. coal, graphite, carbon, sulphur, aluminium, magnesium etc.
Det vil ofte, være nødvendig å inkludere gass i en eller annen form, enten som gass-mikrobobler eller som gass imikro-sfærer av glass eller annet materiale, f.eks. Perlite, og i dette tilfelle vil det være vanlig å inkludere gassen, vanligvis luft, ved hvilke som helst passende, kjente midler. Gass-komponenten tilsettes vanligvis under avkjøling, slik at den fremstilte emulsjon omfatter fra ca. 0,05 til 50 volum% It will often be necessary to include gas in one form or another, either as gas microbubbles or as gas in microspheres of glass or other material, e.g. Perlite, in which case it will be customary to include the gas, usually air, by any suitable known means. The gas component is usually added during cooling, so that the prepared emulsion comprises from approx. 0.05 to 50% by volume
gass ved omgivelsestemperatur og -trykk. Vi anvender vanligvis gass med boblediameter under 200 Mm, fortrinnsvis under 100 i-im, mer fortrinnsvis mellom 20bg 90 Mm og spesielt mellom 40 og 70 Mm,- i andeler, under 10 %, fortrinnsvis under 7 %, gas at ambient temperature and pressure. We usually use gas with a bubble diameter below 200 Mm, preferably below 100 µm, more preferably between 20bg 90 µm and especially between 40 and 70 µm,- in proportions, below 10%, preferably below 7%,
mer fortrinnsvis under 5 %, og spesielt under 3 .% eller til og med 1 %, i volum. Fortrinnsvis vil minst 50 % av den okkluderte gass være i form av bobler av mikrosfærer med intertn diameter 20-90 pm, fortrinnsvis 40-70 Mm. more preferably below 5%, and especially below 3% or even 1%, by volume. Preferably, at least 50% of the occluded gas will be in the form of bubbles of microspheres with an internal diameter of 20-90 pm, preferably 40-70 mm.
Hvis gass inkluderes i produktet i fri tilstand, til for-skjell fra å være innesluttet i mikrosfærer, vil den vanligvis bli innført ganske enkelt ved å blande emulsjonen i et åpent kar, selv om den også kan inkluderes ved å boble gassen.gjennom emulsjonen eller ved kjemisk generering av gassen in situ. Egnede teknikker er beskrevet i litteraturen. If gas is included in the product in the free state, as opposed to being enclosed in microspheres, it will usually be introduced simply by mixing the emulsion in an open vessel, although it may also be included by bubbling the gas through the emulsion or by chemical generation of the gas in situ. Suitable techniques are described in the literature.
EBA i henhold til oppfinnelsen omfatter også hjelpemidler for å bevirke stabil emulgering av komponentene. Bekvemt anvendes et overflateaktivt middel av vann-i-olje-type eller et emulgeringsmiddel i en mengde som er passende for kravet om å produ-sere en tilfredsstillende permanent emulsjon. Typisk anvendes det overflateaktive middel i en mengde på 0,5-5 vektdeler pr. 100 vektdeler av EBA selv om mengden for enhver spesiell sammensetning lett kan bestemmes ved forsøk. Mange egnede overflateaktive midler er beskrevet i litteraturen og inkluderer f.eks. dem som stammer fra sorbitol ved forestring, glyceridene av fett-dannende fettsyrer, polyoksyetylen-sorbitolesterne, isopropyles-terne av lanolinfettsyrer, blandinger av fettalkoholer med høye-re molekylvekt og voksestere, polyoksyetylen(4)-lauryleter, polyoksyetylen(2)-oleyleter, polyoksyetylen(2)-stearyleter, polyoksyalkyleir-oleyl-laurat, oleylsyrefosfat, substituerte oksazoliner og fosfatestere etc. Blandinger av slike overflateaktive midler kan også anvendes.. The EBA according to the invention also includes aids to effect stable emulsification of the components. Conveniently, a surface-active agent of the water-in-oil type or an emulsifier is used in an amount suitable for the requirement to produce a satisfactory permanent emulsion. Typically, the surfactant is used in an amount of 0.5-5 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of EBA although the amount for any particular composition can easily be determined by experiment. Many suitable surfactants are described in the literature and include e.g. those derived from sorbitol by esterification, the glycerides of fat-forming fatty acids, the polyoxyethylene sorbitol esters, the isopropyl esters of lanolin fatty acids, mixtures of fatty alcohols of higher molecular weight and wax esters, polyoxyethylene (4)-lauryl ether, polyoxyethylene (2)-oleyl ether, polyoxyethylene (2) stearyl ether, polyoxyalkyl oleyl laurate, oleyl acid phosphate, substituted oxazolines and phosphate esters etc. Mixtures of such surfactants can also be used..
Andre konvensjonelle, komponenter, f.eks. forlikelige for-tykningsmidier i små mengder på opp til f.eks. 10 vekt% kan også være til stede. Other conventional components, e.g. compatible thickening media in small amounts of up to e.g. 10% by weight may also be present.
Fremstillingen av.EBA-emulsjoner er beskrevet i den litteratur som er omtalt ovenfor,<p>g det kan henvises til denne for ytterligere diskusjon av de forskjellige prosedyrer. Således kan EBA i henhold til oppfinnelsen fremstilles typisk ved å blande vann med ureaperkloratet og, hvis sådanne er til stede, andre oksyderende midler for dannelse av en løsning. Oppløs-^ning og fremstilling av en mettet løsning kan forenkles ved oppvarmning av vannet, selv om vi ikke utelukker den mulighet at alle eller de fleste av.inqrediensene i emulsjonene kan blandes sammen og oppvarmes sammen. Emulgatoren og brennstoffet tilsettes så ved passende temperatur,.og den resulterende bland-ing agiteres for produksjon av den ønskede emulsjon. Andre ingredienser, spesielt faste stoffer, tilsettes gjerne, selv om det ikke er essensielt, og det agiteres videre. The production of EBA emulsions is described in the literature discussed above, to which reference can be made for further discussion of the various procedures. Thus, according to the invention, EBA can typically be produced by mixing water with the urea perchlorate and, if such are present, other oxidizing agents to form a solution. Dissolving and producing a saturated solution can be simplified by heating the water, although we do not rule out the possibility that all or most of the ingredients in the emulsions can be mixed together and heated together. The emulsifier and fuel are then added at the appropriate temperature, and the resulting mixture is agitated to produce the desired emulsion. Other ingredients, especially solids, are often added, although not essential, and further agitated.
EBA i henhold til oppfinnelsen kan anvendes-som sådanne, eller de kan forpakkes i ladninger av passende dimensjoner. The EBA according to the invention can be used as such, or they can be packaged in loads of suitable dimensions.
Oppfinnelsen skal idet følgende illustreres ved hjelp av eksempler, for hvilke blandingene ble laget ved den konvensjonelle teknikk å fremstille en vandig løsning av ureaperkloratet og eventuelle andre vannløselige komponenter ved en passende forhøyet temperatur. Emulgatoren og brenselet ble så blandet med den vandige løsning og det hele underkastet grundig agitering for fremstilling av den ønskede emulsjon. Der hvor det er aktuelt, ble også luft,, i form av Microballoons, inkorporert og fordelt grundig ved ytterligere agitering. I. den følgende tabell er bestanddeles mengder angitt på vekt/vekt-basis. The invention shall hereinafter be illustrated by means of examples, for which the mixtures were made by the conventional technique of preparing an aqueous solution of the urea perchlorate and any other water-soluble components at a suitable elevated temperature. The emulsifier and fuel were then mixed with the aqueous solution and the whole subjected to thorough agitation to produce the desired emulsion. Where applicable, air, in the form of Microballoons, was also incorporated and distributed thoroughly by further agitation. In the following table, the component amounts are given on a weight/weight basis.
Bemerkninger til tabellenNotes to the table
Størrelse (a) representerer en ladning 30 x 200 mmSize (a) represents a charge 30 x 200 mm
Størrelse (b) representerer en ladning 18 x 200 mm Initiering Size (b) represents a charge 18 x 200 mm Initiation
i) 4 g Pentolite primer (50:50 PETN/TNT)i) 4 g Pentolite primer (50:50 PETN/TNT)
ii) Detonator nr. 8ii) Detonator No. 8
iii) Detonator nr. 6iii) Detonator No. 6
I eksempel 6 var temperaturen 5°C mens den for de reste-, rende eksempler var 25°C. In example 6 the temperature was 5°C, while for the remaining examples it was 25°C.
Kaydololje er en hvit mineralolje av høy renhet levert av Witco Chemical Company. Kaydol oil is a white mineral oil of high purity supplied by Witco Chemical Company.
" Microballoons" er et registrert varemerke."Microballoons" is a registered trademark.
En detonator nr. 6 er en Instant Electric No. 6 detonatorA No. 6 detonator is an Instant Electric No. 6 detonator
med en . basisladning på 0,24 gm PETN og initieringsladning på 0,15 gm ASA. with a . base charge of 0.24 gm PETN and initiation charge of 0.15 gm ASA.
En detonator nr. 8 er en Instant Electric No. 8 detonator med en basisladning på 0,45 gm PETN og initieringsladning på 0,15 gm ASA. A No. 8 detonator is an Instant Electric No. 8 detonator with a base charge of 0.45 gm PETN and initiating charge of 0.15 gm ASA.
Claims (9)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8023815 | 1980-07-21 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO812482L true NO812482L (en) | 1982-01-22 |
Family
ID=10514921
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO812482A NO812482L (en) | 1980-07-21 | 1981-07-20 | EXPLOSIVE EXPLANATOR IN THE FORM OF EMULSION. |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0044671A3 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU555886B2 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2080280B (en) |
| NO (1) | NO812482L (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ197739A (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA814927B (en) |
| ZW (1) | ZW16781A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SE457952B (en) * | 1982-09-15 | 1989-02-13 | Nitro Nobel Ab | SPRAENGAEMNE |
| NZ206983A (en) * | 1983-02-15 | 1988-02-29 | Ici Australia Ltd | Dynamite explosive composition |
| JPS59156991A (en) * | 1983-02-24 | 1984-09-06 | 日本化薬株式会社 | Water-in-oil emulsion explosive |
| JPS6054991A (en) * | 1983-09-05 | 1985-03-29 | 日本油脂株式会社 | Water-in-oil emulsion explosive composition |
| NZ214396A (en) * | 1984-12-11 | 1988-02-29 | Ici Australia Ltd | Preparation of gas bubble-sensitised explosive compositions |
| EP0317221B1 (en) * | 1987-11-13 | 1991-08-21 | Nippon Oil And Fats Company, Limited | Water in oil type emulsion explosive |
| CA1303858C (en) * | 1988-08-10 | 1992-06-23 | Her Majesty The Queen In Right Of Canada As Represented By The Minister Of National Defence Of Her Majesty's Canadian Government | Foamed nitroparaffin explosive composition |
| CA1325723C (en) * | 1988-12-05 | 1994-01-04 | Anh D. Nguyen | Nitroalkane-based emulsion explosive composition |
| US4933028A (en) * | 1989-06-30 | 1990-06-12 | Atlas Powder Company | High emulsifier content explosives |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3447978A (en) * | 1967-08-03 | 1969-06-03 | Atlas Chem Ind | Ammonium nitrate emulsion blasting agent and method of preparing same |
| US3674578A (en) * | 1970-02-17 | 1972-07-04 | Du Pont | Water-in-oil emulsion type blasting agent |
| US3770522A (en) * | 1970-08-18 | 1973-11-06 | Du Pont | Emulsion type explosive composition containing ammonium stearate or alkali metal stearate |
| GB1429281A (en) * | 1973-02-27 | 1976-03-24 | Agency Ind Science Techn | Underwater blasting method and devices used therewith |
| US4104092A (en) * | 1977-07-18 | 1978-08-01 | Atlas Powder Company | Emulsion sensitized gelled explosive composition |
| US4111727A (en) * | 1977-09-19 | 1978-09-05 | Clay Robert B | Water-in-oil blasting composition |
| US4149916A (en) * | 1977-11-03 | 1979-04-17 | Atlas Powder Company | Cap sensitive emulsions containing perchlorates and occluded air and method |
| US4149917A (en) * | 1977-11-03 | 1979-04-17 | Atlas Powder Company | Cap sensitive emulsions without any sensitizer other than occluded air |
-
1981
- 1981-07-09 GB GB8121236A patent/GB2080280B/en not_active Expired
- 1981-07-09 EP EP81303137A patent/EP0044671A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1981-07-15 ZW ZW167/81A patent/ZW16781A1/en unknown
- 1981-07-16 NZ NZ197739A patent/NZ197739A/en unknown
- 1981-07-17 ZA ZA814927A patent/ZA814927B/en unknown
- 1981-07-20 NO NO812482A patent/NO812482L/en unknown
- 1981-07-20 AU AU73126/81A patent/AU555886B2/en not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0044671A3 (en) | 1982-03-10 |
| AU7312681A (en) | 1982-01-28 |
| AU555886B2 (en) | 1986-10-16 |
| EP0044671A2 (en) | 1982-01-27 |
| GB2080280B (en) | 1983-12-07 |
| ZW16781A1 (en) | 1983-02-23 |
| GB2080280A (en) | 1982-02-03 |
| ZA814927B (en) | 1982-07-28 |
| NZ197739A (en) | 1984-03-16 |
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