RU2726085C1 - Pyrolysis furnace for recycling solid domestic and industrial wastes - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: waste processing and disposal.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to processing and recycling wastes, including industrial, domestic, hydrocarbon and medical wastes, by pyrolysis and gasification of wastes. Pyrolysis furnace includes housing, walls of which are made of heat-resistant material, pyrolysis reactor of cylindrical shape, furnace of pyrolysis reactor with combustion chamber, equipped with burners installed with possibility of supply to them and ignition in combustion chamber of heat carrier. Furnace consists of 30 vertically arranged cylindrical reactors connected in upper part in pairs and having for each pair common chamber of loading (hopper) of solid domestic and industrial wastes; furnace is common for all reactors, installed at the beginning of furnace in its lower part and has connection to external surface of each of reactors from common heat pipeline with branches to each reactor in form of arches from refractory bricks; each reactor is coaxially placed in a separate cylindrical shaft, lined (laid out) from inside on the reactor side with a layer of refractory brick, forming a cavity of cylindrical shape between the reactor and the shaft, outside the shaft is laid with a layer of red brick; each pair of reactors is placed in section of rectangular section, each shaft of reactor is connected by separate chimney with common discharge chimney, equipped with shutter between them, each reactor is connected by a separate pipeline with a common pipeline for withdrawal and return of synthesis gas obtained as a result of pyrolysis back into the furnace; each shaft of reactor of cylindrical shape from refractory brick has in upper part along perimeter of six holes for connection with rectangular section of pair of reactors connected in its turn to chimney, which ends at end of furnace by vertical outlet pipe; in each section each reactor with its shaft in a pair is separated from the second reactor with its shaft by a vertical brick partition, wherein three holes of six in the upper part of the shaft are isolated from the other three holes in it; upper part of furnace housing is closed by rectangular container for water heating, at that lower part of vessel is tightly closed all shafts and sections of furnace; lower part of each reactor is made in the form of a truncated cone with output of a pipe smaller than the reactor diameter, section below the bottom of the furnace for removal of slag obtained as a result of pyrolysis.EFFECT: improvement of ecology due to more complete combustion, higher efficiency of recycling and volumes of burnt wastes.1 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the simultaneous processing and disposal of waste, including industrial, domestic, hydrocarbon and medical waste, by pyrolysis and gasification of waste.

A known pyrolysis furnace for organic products contained in a pyrolyzable mixture, equipped with a rotating drum with external heating of the combustion gases of the furnace, the outer and inner surfaces of which are finned, have fixed loading and unloading ends connected from the inlet side to the screw feeder of the mixture and a fan for supplying pyrolysis gas from the neutralizer, at the outlet of solid pyrolysis residues through sector feeders with a dryer-mixer and extractor, and at the exit of flue gases and pyrolysis gas with cyclones connected at the dust outlet of the product with the specified screw feeder; a furnace is located with the pyrolysis furnace, located below the furnace and equipped with a moving grate for burning washed solid pyrolysis residues, burners located above the grate for burning liquid and gaseous pyrolysis products and non-condensed gases, during the start-up of the plant - reserve fuel, as well as sharp blast nozzles located above the burners. [Application No. 2008144166 Russian Federation, IPC F23G 5/00. Method and plant for waste processing / Rabiner Yuri (US); applicant Rabiner Yuri (US). - No. 2008144166/03; declared 03/23/2007; publ. 05/10/2010].

The disadvantages of the analogue are the high cost, lack of efficiency and the amount of waste burned.

The closest in technical essence is a pyrolysis reactor for processing household waste, containing a longitudinally elongated body and a muffle installed inside the body, and having a longitudinally elongated configuration along the body, the walls of which are made of heat-resistant material, while the muffle is made in transverse a cross-sectional shape of a triangle with rounded corners over a large radius, a rounded top of which is located in the upper part of the muffle, and two rounded corners are located in the lower part of the muffle and, in turn, form two sub-chambers of the muffle with the placement of augers for moving the household waste mixture in them during the pyrolysis moreover, the combustion chamber of the furnace of the pyrolysis reactor is made in the form of a hollow casing covering the muffle, inside of which there is a muffle equipped with burners installed with the possibility of supplying and ignition in the combustion medium of the coolant, and the pyrolysis reactor is equipped with an additional smoke and heat chamber, made in the form of a hollow jacket enclosing the combustion chamber of a pyrolysis reactor furnace, thermally insulated from the external environment, connected to the combustion chamber and installed with the possibility of performing the function of a heat and / or flue gas exhaust pipe received in the combustion chamber of the furnace of a pyrolysis reactor as a result of ensuring the pyrolysis of the household mixture waste to the stage of their preliminary drying while performing the function of an additional heat-insulating screen around the combustion chamber of the pyrolysis reactor, preserving the required thermal regime in the combustion chamber of the furnace of the pyrolysis reactor [Pat. 2380615 Russian Federation, IPC F23G 5/02, 5/12. A method of processing household waste using a pyrolysis reactor, a system for its implementation and a pyrolysis reactor / FIRER Arkadi Michael (US), Zagorsky Denis Alekseevich (RU); Applicant and patentee GreenLights Energy Solutions, Limited Liability Company (US). - No. 2008139002/03; Declared October 1, 2008; publ. 01/27/2010, Bull. Number 3. - 22 p.]

The disadvantages of the prototype are the high cost of processing, lack of efficiency and the amount of waste burned.

The technical result of the invention is to improve the environment due to more complete burning, reducing the cost of processing, increasing the efficiency of disposal and the amount of waste burned.

This result is achieved in that a pyrolysis furnace for the disposal of solid household and industrial wastes, comprising a body, the walls of which are made of heat-resistant material, a cylindrical pyrolysis reactor, a pyrolysis reactor furnace with a combustion chamber, equipped with burners installed with the possibility of feeding into them and ignition in the coolant combustion chamber, according to the invention, consists of 30 vertically arranged cylindrical reactors connected in pairs in the upper part and having for each pair a common loading chamber (hopper) of solid domestic and industrial waste; the furnace is common to all reactors, it is installed at the bottom of the furnace at the beginning of the furnace and has a supply to the outer surface of each of the reactors from a common heat pipe with branches to each reactor in the form of arches made of refractory bricks; a steam boiler in the form of a radiator is installed inside the furnace along its walls ; each reactor is coaxially placed in a separate cylindrical shaft, lined (laid out) from the inside of the reactor with a layer of refractory brick, forming a hollow cylindrical cavity between the reactor and the shaft, the shaft is lined with red brick from the outside; each pair of reactors is placed in a rectangular section, each shaft of the reactor is connected by a separate chimney to a common outlet chimney, equipped with a damper between them, each reactor is connected by a separate pipe to a common pipeline to discharge and return the resulting synthesis gas back to the furnace; each cylindrical reactor chamber made of refractory brick has six holes in the upper part around the perimeter for connecting to the rectangular section of a pair of reactors, which in turn is connected to a chimney, ending at the end of the furnace with a vertical outlet pipe; in each section, each reactor with its shaft in a pair is separated from the second reactor with its shaft by a vertical brick wall, while three of the six holes in the upper part of the shaft are isolated from the other three holes in it; the upper part of the furnace body is closed by a rectangular-shaped container for heating water, with the lower part of the container being hermetically closed all the shafts and sections of the furnace; the lower part of each reactor is made in the form of a truncated cone with a pipe outlet smaller than the diameter of the reactor, a section below the bottom of the furnace, to remove the slag resulting from pyrolysis.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where in FIG. 1 shows the beginning and end of the furnace, FIG. 2 - a fragment of the furnace with a channel in the form of an arch, FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of one section of the furnace; FIG. 4 is a section through a furnace according to AA, FIG. 5 is a sectional view of the furnace according to BB, FIG. 6 is a general view of the furnace.

Description of the invention in a static state.

The pyrolysis furnace for utilization of solid household and industrial waste contains a housing 1, the walls of which are made of heat-resistant material, inside of which contains 30 vertically arranged cylindrical reactors 2, connected in pairs in the upper part and having for each pair a common loading chamber 3 (hopper) of solid household and industrial waste.

At the beginning of the furnace, a furnace 4 with a combustion chamber 5, equipped with burners installed with the possibility of supplying and igniting coolant 5 in the combustion chamber 5, is installed in its lower part. The furnace 4 is common to all reactors 2, is installed at the bottom of the furnace at the beginning of the furnace and has a connection to the outer surface of each of the reactors 2 from the common heat pipe 6 with branches 7 in the form of arches made of refractory bricks to each reactor 2. Inside the furnace 4 along it a steam boiler 8 is installed in the walls in the form of a radiator (mini-CHP).

Each reactor 2 is coaxially placed in a separate shaft 9 of a cylindrical shape, laid on the outside of the reactor with a layer of refractory brick, forming a hollow cavity of a cylindrical shape between the reactor 2 and shaft 9, the shaft is lined with red brick on the outside.

Each pair of reactors 2 with shafts 9 is placed in a rectangular section 10, each section 10 is connected by a pair of separate chimneys 11 with a common outlet chimney 12, equipped with a shutter 13 between them.

Each reactor 2 is connected by a separate pipe 14 to a common pipe 15 for removal, purification and return of the synthesis gas resulting from pyrolysis back to the furnace 4.

Each shaft 9 of the reactor 2 of cylindrical shape made of refractory brick has six holes 16 in the upper part around the perimeter for connecting to the rectangular section 10 of the pair of reactors 2, which in turn is connected to a separate chimney 11, then to a common outlet chimney 12 ending at the end of the vertical furnace output pipe 17.

In each section 10, each reactor 2 with its shaft 9 in pair is separated from the second reactor 2 with its shaft 9 by a vertical brick wall 18, while three of the six holes 16 of the six in the upper part of the shaft 9 are isolated from the other three holes 16 in it.

The upper part of the furnace body 1 is closed by a rectangular-shaped tank 19 for heating and water storage, and all the shafts 9 and 10 of the furnace are hermetically closed with its lower part.

The lower part of each reactor 2 is made in the form of a truncated cone with an outlet pipe 20 smaller than the diameter of the reactor 2, a section below the bottom of the furnace, to remove the slag resulting from pyrolysis.

Pyrolysis furnace operates as follows.

First, the three rectangular sections 10 closest to the furnace 4 are put into operation with three pairs of reactors 2 placed in the shafts 9. For this, solid household and industrial, including hydrocarbon and medical waste, which enter the reactors 2. Before preliminary ignition, open three pairs of shutters 13 between the three sections 10 and the chimney 11, which in turn is connected to a common exhaust chimney 12, for air draft. The remaining shutters 13 are left closed. The furnace starts to be heated by burning the initial coolant in the combustion chamber 5 of the furnace 4. Due to air draft, heat from the combustion chamber 5 of the furnace 4 is supplied through the heat pipe 6, then through the arches in the form of arches to the outer surface of each reactor 2 in the first three sections of the furnace 10, heating them. Next, the heat rises up along the outer surface of the reactors 2 inside the shafts 9, in the upper part of the shafts 9 passes through the holes 16, and down the hollow cavity already in the rectangular section 10. Next, the heat through individual chimneys 11 enters through the open damper 13 into a common exhaust chimney 12 and through a vertical discharge pipe 17 is discharged out into the atmosphere. After reaching a temperature of 1500-2000 ° С in the furnace, and at the same time in the reactors 500-900 ° С, the pyrolysis process starts in the reactors and synthesis gas is formed, which through separate pipelines 14 enters the common pipeline 15, and then, after cooling and cleaning, the component in the form of steam and gases it is returned back to the furnace 4, raising the temperature in it to 2000 ° С (it is possible to reach a maximum of 2800 С °), and the component in the form of oil products - in a separate container. After the start of the evolution of synthesis gas, it is no longer necessary to supply the coolant from the outside to carry out the process, and it becomes possible to gradually connect the remaining sections 10 with reactors 2 in the shafts 9 of the furnace, opening the shutters 13 in the following 3 sections 10, i.e. 6 reactors 2. Any of the available number of reactors 2 can operate in the furnace due to the vertical brick wall 18, which allows each reactor 2 to be isolated with its shaft 9 with openings 16 from the second reactor 2 with its shaft 9 and openings 16 paired with section 10. The slag formed in the reactors 2 as a result of processing is discharged from its lower part in the form of a truncated cone with a pipe 20 smaller than the diameter of the reactor 2, section below the bottom of the furnace. This slag can then be used for the production of building materials. In the upper part of the furnace body 1, closed with a rectangular capacity 19, water is heated to replenish the radiators of the steam boiler installed in the furnace of the furnace and for domestic needs due to the heat coming from the bottom of the mines 9 and sections 10. The steam generated in the steam boiler 8 in in the form of a radiator installed along the walls of the furnace 4 inside it, it then goes to an electric generator to generate electricity for the needs of the population (up to 150 thousand people can be serviced) and to service the stove itself, to the heating system.

Due to the high temperature, the furnace does not need any filters, because everything is burned at 1500-2000 ° C.

Each reactor 2 is refueled 7-9 times during the day due to the high temperature in the furnace 4 of the furnace. The recycling process from 3 mines, from 6 reactors takes place within 2 - 3 hours. The volume of one reactor 2 is 11.5 m, during the operation of all 30 reactors 2, the processing volume from one gas station is 345 m, and from all gas stations it is 2760 m per day.

In each section 10, each reactor 2 has the ability to operate independently of each other, which allows you to process any kind of waste.

The heat-resistant branch channels 7 in the form of an arch, through which heat enters first into the first reactor 2, then into the second reactor 2 and then into subsequent reactors, have a height of 1.2 m, a width of 0.8 m, a length of 51 m. At the entrance to each shaft 9 channels-branches in the form of an arch are narrowed to a height of 0.5 m, and a width of 0.8 m, which allows you to increase air draft and increase the heating temperature. After that, the heat rises through the shaft 9 along the reactor 2 with a height of 8 m, and then through the holes 16 made in the upper part of the shafts 9 it goes down the same distance and then is removed into the chimney 12 with a cross section of 1.2 by 0.8 m, then in the output pipe 17 with a diameter of 1.0 m and a height of 60 m

The total distance from the furnace 4 to the output end pipe 17 is 138.0 m., And the total height of the furnace is 15 m.

The kiln is built of refractory bricks (Ш-8) and red kiln bricks, inside the kiln there is a layer of refractory bricks 0.25 m thick, and on the outside there is a layer of red kiln bricks with a thickness of 0.375 m, while the total thickness of the shaft wall of the shaft, arch and firebox is furnaces - 0.625 m.

The environmentally harmful substances (dioxide, furan, etc.) formed during the combustion process in the furnace are not removed to the atmosphere, because burn with the combustion process at ultra-high temperature in the reactors, because everything is burned at 1500-2000 ° C, and residues in the form of dust are deposited on the walls of the furnace and removed (cleaned) during preventive maintenance of the furnace about once every 5 years and disposed of. At the same time, access to dust is easy due to the size of the furnace and chimneys.

Claims (1)

A pyrolysis furnace for the disposal of solid household and industrial wastes, comprising a body, the walls of which are made of heat-resistant material, a cylindrical pyrolysis reactor, a pyrolysis reactor furnace with a combustion chamber, equipped with burners installed with the possibility of supplying and igniting in the combustion chamber of the coolant, characterized in that consists of 30 vertically arranged cylindrical reactors connected in the upper part in pairs and having for each pair a common loading chamber (bunker) of solid household and industrial waste; the furnace is common to all reactors, is installed at the beginning of the furnace in its lower part and has a connection to the outer surface of each of the reactors from a common heat pipe with branches to each reactor in the form of arches made of refractory bricks; each reactor is coaxially placed in a separate cylindrical shaft, laid out from the inside of the reactor with a layer of refractory brick, forming a hollow cylindrical cavity between the reactor and the shaft, the shaft is laid out with a red brick layer from the outside; each pair of reactors is placed in a rectangular section, each shaft of the reactor is connected by a separate chimney to a common outlet chimney, equipped with a damper between them, each reactor is connected by a separate pipe to a common pipeline to discharge and return the resulting synthesis gas back to the furnace; each cylindrical reactor chamber made of refractory brick has six holes in the upper part around the perimeter for connecting to the rectangular section of a pair of reactors, which in turn is connected to a chimney, ending at the end of the furnace with a vertical outlet pipe; in each section, each reactor with its shaft in a pair is separated from the second reactor with its shaft by a vertical brick wall, while three of the six holes in the upper part of the shaft are isolated from the other three holes in it; the upper part of the furnace body is closed by a rectangular-shaped container for heating water, with the lower part of the container being hermetically closed all the shafts and sections of the furnace; the lower part of each reactor is made in the form of a truncated cone with a pipe outlet smaller than the diameter of the reactor, a section below the bottom of the furnace to remove the slag resulting from pyrolysis.

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