RU2724675C1 - Composite anti-skid flooring - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: manufacturing technology.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to fiberglass planks having hydrophobic anti-slip working surface made of bonded abrasive in form of mineral solid particles and can be used for coating of transitions, steps of stairs located both in closed rooms and in places exposed to atmospheric precipitation and negative temperatures. Composite anti-skid flooring is multilayered on polymer base, connecting all structural layers with possibility of formation of a single permanent structure, wherein upper working layer is made of bonded abrasive, which is a mixture of quartz and river sand and envelope of its laminated hydrophobic layer obtained by polymerisation of mixture from selected along the gelcoat, hydrophobic component and catalyst, and structural layers are obtained by impregnating glass mat with polyester resin with gelcoat and hardener followed by polymerisation.EFFECT: technical result is wider range of anti-skid coatings for pedestrian surfaces.6 cl, 3 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the construction of anti-slip fiberglass flooring having a hydrophobic anti-slip working surface made of bonded abrasive in the form of mineral solid particles, and can be used to cover transitions, staircases located both indoors and in places exposed to atmospheric precipitation and negative temperatures.

The following techniques are known in the art for increasing friction of anti-slip surfaces:

- the use of damping coatings of rubber crumb;

- laser and chemical etching of the surface to obtain protrusions of various configurations on the surface of the coating;

- the use of elastic volumetric figures on the surface of the coating, leading to self-cleaning from dirt;

- the use of the configuration of three-dimensional patterns on the surface of the coating to increase fluid flow.

Known flooring (RU 88042 U1, IPC E04F 15/08, published October 27, 2009) / 1 / consists of a substrate on which the layers are arranged in series: primer layer made of methyl methacrylic resin with quartz filler, base layer 3, representing a mixture of methyl methacrylic resin with quartz filler and decorative granules, and a layer of varnish. As a quartz filler, quartz dust, quartz sand or granules of quartz, fractions (0.01-1.5) mm can be used. As decorative granules can be used, for example, natural stone, natural color or painted, to give the flooring color, while the granule size is (1.0-30.0) mm. This coating is applied to concrete or asphalt, the surface of which is coated with a primer.

Known coating for sports fields for games, made multilayer, which consists of at least one layer of polymeric material and at least one porous layer, which is a hardened binder based on a polymeric material with a filler placed in it in the form of rubber crumbs fraction from 0 , 5 to 20 mm in a mass ratio, forming a porous structure, the layers are interconnected with the possibility of the formation of a monolithic one-piece coating (RU 32134 U1, IPC Е01С 13/00. Published: 09/10/2003) / 2 /.

To prevent injury to pedestrians on slippery stairs, anti-slip tapes are used (Electronic resource: http://www.vsedlyauborki.ru/contacts/, Group of companies “Everything for cleaning”) / 3 /, which allow you to quickly and inexpensively comply with safety requirements and take care of your employees and customers, in terms of slippage, as wet steps, tiles and thresholds are a common cause of not only injuries, but also deaths. An anti-slip tape based on PVC with an average type of grit is produced in rolls and strips (the price is 350 rubles for 1 p / m) and has a self-adhesive side with a protective tape to protect the acrylic adhesive layer. Primed surface for wood, asphalt, concrete. The disadvantages of self-adhesive tape include its low wear resistance.

Known composite grating, the increase in the strength properties of which is achieved by improving the quality of the impregnation of fiberglass filaments with polyester resin. The flooring contains a cast grate obtained by layer-by-layer laying of fiberglass yarns and pouring them with polyester resin with mineral filler and hardener (RU 170996 U1, IPC E04F 15/10, B32B 5/08, E04C 2/10, E04C 2/22, published: 05/17/2017) / 4 /. Composite gratings are made by casting with reinforcement of a given number of fiberglass yarns (2400, 4800 or 9600 tex), depending on the required thickness of the deck. To do this, a certain number of fiberglass threads are laid in the matrix transversely to each other, provide their necessary tension to improve the quality of reinforcement. After that, fill with polyester resin mixed with a filler, hardener and accelerator (if necessary). In this case, the use of resin with a mineral filler and hardener allows for quality controlled impregnation of fiberglass threads with filling all air voids and cavities that are in the structure of the threads. Then, the process of gradually adding fiberglass threads with their tension and pouring with resin, filler, hardener, accelerator (if necessary) is repeated several times. Also, dyes can be added to obtain a colored grating. After the formation of the carcass, consisting of layer-by-layer embedded fiberglass filaments, the matrix is heated (post-cured) and then cooled. After removing the grating from the matrix, it is sent to the additional post-curing chamber, where the final hardening of the flooring material takes place with the formation of a monolithic grating design of the required strength.

After additional post-curing, the composite slatted flooring is able to withstand the load, however, it does not have anti-slip and hydrophobic properties.

The specified flooring is the closest among the known from the prior art for the implementation of the inventive composite anti-slip flooring and adopted as a prototype.

The problem to which the present invention is directed, is to expand the range of anti-slip flooring with high performance due to the achievement of a new technical result - the creation of a multi-layer composite flooring with a high coefficient of adhesion (anti-skid), waterproof, wear-resistant flooring of different colors, which allows it to be used in places exposed to precipitation and freezing temperatures.

The specified technical result is achieved in that the composite anti-slip flooring is made multilayer on a polymer basis, connecting all structural layers with the possibility of forming a single integral structure.

According to the invention, the upper working layer is made of bonded abrasive, which is a mixture of quartz and river sand and an envelope of a laminated hydrophobic layer obtained by polymerizing a mixture of gelcoat, hydrophobic component and catalyst selected from the rall, and structural layers are obtained by impregnating glass material with a polyester resin with gelcoat and hardener followed by polymerization.

In a preferred embodiment:

- the built-in abrasive contains a mixture of 80% natural quartz sand and 20% river sand;

- as a hydrophobic component used synthetic wax in an amount of 5-10 mass. % of the amount of gelcoat;

- fiberglass is used as glass material;

- glass fiber used fiberglass;

-. the integrated abrasive contains a mixture of 80% natural quartz sand and 20% river sand;

- used gelcoat as gelcoat;

- the consumption of a mixture of natural quartz and river sand is 600-800 g per 1 m ² .

Gelcoat is a mixture of polyester resin, dye and special additives that improve physical and mechanical properties, increase resistance to external factors such as UV radiation, atmospheric exposure, osmosis.

Gelcoats are made from poorly hardening resins, so they need isolation in the matrix. On the surface of the matrix, the side of the gelcoat quickly hardens, and the other side, turned inward, retains its sticky properties, which contributes well to the process of interlayer adhesion, therefore, due to the adhesion of sand particles, a surface layer of bonded abrasive can be obtained.

Natural quartz sand is a loose mixture of grains formed as a result of the destruction of hard rocks with a size of 0.16-5 mm, the mass of a single grain of sand can vary from tenths of a milligram to several micrograms.

Sands resulting from the activities of water bodies and streams have a more rounded, rounded shape.

The combination in the bonded abrasive of sand particles of various shapes increases the number of microprotrusions in contact with the microrelief of the sole of the shoe, thereby providing good adhesion to the surface of the coating.

The prior art does not know the effect of this mixture of sand with different shapes of sand grains on increasing the coefficient of sliding friction. The product has a new set of essential features. Which is not known from the prior art.

The invention is illustrated by figures.

The figure 1 shows a schematic drawing of the inventive composite anti-slip flooring, cross section.

In FIG. Figure 2 shows a micrograph of a grain of sand of natural quartz sand.

In FIG. Figure 3 shows a micrograph of a grain of river sand.

Composite anti-slip flooring (Fig. 1) contains at least two structural layers 1, 2, located one above the other, obtained by impregnating glass mat with a polyester resin with gelcoat and hardener followed by polymerization, the upper built-in abrasive layer made of a mixture of particles of natural quartz sand 3 and particles of river sand 4 and a hydrophobic laminated layer 5 located on it, enveloping the built-in abrasive layer and obtained by polymerization of a mixture of a color-coded gelcoat, hydrophobic component and catalyst.

During the experiments, the optimal ratio of a mixture of 80% natural quartz sand and 20% river sand was obtained to obtain the maximum value of the sliding friction coefficient, which was 0.85.

The measurement of the sliding friction coefficient of a real composite anti-slip flooring, in which the built-in abrasive is made of a mixture of 80% natural quartz sand and 20% river sand, and synthetic wax in the amount of 5-10 masses is used as a hydrophobic component. % of the amount of gelcoat. carried out at room temperature. As a result of this optimization of the content of ingredients of the abrasive hydrophobic laminated layer, a high value of the sliding friction coefficient of 0.85 was obtained in the absence of rolling drops of water, which is due to a rather high value of the contact angle of wetting water with a surface with a different microrelief.

With an optimal ratio of synthetic wax in the amount of 5-10 mass. % of the amount of gelcoat of the upper hydrophobic laminated layer was obtained by rolling a drop of water from the surface of the flooring, which eliminates the formation of ice at low ambient temperatures. The increase in the content of synthetic wax more than 10 mass. % of the amount of gelcoat leads to a decrease in the coefficient of sliding friction. The decrease in the content of synthetic wax less than 5 mass. % leads to the rolling of a drop of water, i.e. to the deterioration of the hydrophobic properties of the coating.

The high wear resistance of this anti-slip flooring is due to the presence of at least two structural layers obtained by impregnating glass mat with a polyester resin with gelcoat and hardener, followed by polymerization.

A composite anti-slip flooring is made as follows. A mixture of polyester resin in a proportion of 60% to 40% glass mat (fiberglass) and gelcoat powder with a catalyst (curing) is uniformly applied to a metal matrix of a given size, treated with wax, the catalyst is added in an amount of 1-2% of the total weight in accordance with instruction. Gelcoat is added in an amount of 10% by weight of the polyester resin in accordance with the instructions. The polyester resin is mixed with gelcoat, then the catalyst is added and the resulting binder is distributed in the matrix. Then glass mat is placed on the bonding layer, uniformly impregnating it with a distribution roller. After complete impregnation of the glass mat, the resulting composite layer is rolled by a rolling pile roller to level and more evenly absorb the polyester resin into the glass mat. Thus, several layers are repeated, depending on the desired strength of the finished product. After rolling the last layer, a mixture of 80% quartz sand and 20% river sand is evenly poured onto the surface in a single row. The above operations are carried out for twenty minutes, so that the particles of the abrasive mixture have time to stick to the last layer. The resulting product is placed in a drying chamber, heated to a temperature of 100 ° C and maintained at this temperature for 24 hours.

After drying, the product is removed from the drying chamber and a final hydrophobic laminated layer of a mixture of gelcoat, synthetic wax and catalyst is applied to the surface. Gelcoat (any color on the wound) is added in an amount of 600-800 grams per 1 m2, synthetic wax from 5 to 10% by weight of gelcoat. After thorough mixing, the catalyst is added in an amount of from 1 to 2% by weight of the resin. The addition of synthetic wax affects the adhesion of the material to water and ice. When synthetic wax is added to the coating, ice, dirt and water are not fixed, which significantly affects the performance properties of the flooring. The specified mixture is uniformly applied to the sheet with a pile roller in an amount of 600-800 grams per 1 m ² and then the finished product is placed in a drying chamber and kept at a temperature of 40-60 ° C for 48 hours. After complete drying, the product is rinsed with warm soapy water to completely remove the solvent. As glass mat can be used fiberglass or fiberglass.

The sliding friction coefficient of the manufactured samples with different composition of the built-in abrasive was measured by a simple laboratory method during the movement of the shoe sole simulator under load relative to the floor. A block with a 1 cm thick polyurethane layer glued to the bottom surface was placed on the flooring sample, the ring at the end of the bar was connected to a dynamometer, and a load of 5 kg was placed on the bar. When the bar moved along the surface of the flooring sample, the dynamometer readings were taken and the values of the friction coefficients k were calculated using the formula for the friction force Ftr = k mg taking into account the accuracy of the dynamometer measurements.

To study the hydrophobic properties of the flooring, the drop method was used. Drops of distilled water were pipetted onto the surface of the flooring sample and, in the absence of droplet spreading, hydrophobic surface properties were determined within an hour due to the high value of the contact angle.

The presence of anti-slip properties of the inventive composite flooring is confirmed by examples.

Example 1 According to the technology described above, a sample of the flooring was made with dimensions of 15 x 30 x 5 cm, in which the built-in abrasive is made of natural quartz sand (photo in Fig. 2).

Example 2. According to the technology described above, a flooring sample of dimensions 15 x 30 x 5 cm was made, in which the built-in abrasive is made of river sand.

Example 3, Embedded abrasive is made of a mixture of natural and quartz sand and river sand in a ratio of 50:50.

Example 4. The built-in abrasive is made from a mixture of natural quartz sand and river sand in a ratio of 60:40, respectively.

Example 5, An embedded abrasive is made from a mixture of natural and quartz sand and river sand at a ratio of 70:30, respectively.

Example 6, Embedded abrasive is made from a mixture of natural and quartz sand and river sand in a ratio of 80:20, respectively.

Example 7. The built-in abrasive is made of a mixture of natural and quartz sand and river sand in a ratio of 90:10, respectively.

The results of the calculation of the friction coefficients of the manufactured composite anti-slip flooring corresponding to examples 1-7 are shown in the table.

As follows from the table, example No. 6 is characterized by the maximum value of the coefficient of friction for the polyurethane sole of the shoe.

Tests of the hydrophobic coating by the drop method showed that when synthetic wax was added to the gelcoat of the final laminated layer in an amount of 5-10%, drops of distilled water at room temperature remained without spreading for 1 hour, which prevents the formation of an ice crust on the surface of the flooring at freezing temperatures water and in combination with a high value of the coefficient of sliding friction eliminates human injuries when moving along the claimed flooring due to the good adhesion of the microprotrusions of the upper layer of the flooring with the microrelief of the sole of the shoe.

The inventive composite anti-slip flooring is made in the form of sheets of size 3000 x 300 x 50 mm. Technical documentation has been developed on the technology of manufacturing and installing flooring to protect pedestrian surfaces from slipping.

Sources of information

1. RU 88042 U1, IPC E04F 15/08, published October 27, 2009.

2. RU 32134 U1, IPC E01C 13/00. published: 09/10/2003) / 2 /.

3. Antiskid tapes. Electronic resource: http://www.vsedlyanborki.ru/contacts/. Group of companies “Everything for cleaning”.

4. RU 170996 U1, IPC E04F 15/10, В32В 5/08, Е04С 2/10, Е04С 2/22, published: 05/17/2017 - prototype.

Claims (6)

1. Composite anti-slip flooring made of a multilayer polymer base, connecting all structural layers with the formation of a single integral structure, characterized in that the upper working layer is made of bonded abrasive, which is a mixture of quartz and river sand and envelope of its laminated hydrophobic layer obtained by polymerization mixtures of gelcoat, a hydrophobic component and a catalyst selected by ral, and structural layers were obtained by impregnating glass mat with a polyester resin with gelcoat and hardener, followed by polymerization. 2. Composite anti-slip flooring under item 1, characterized in that as a hydrophobic component used synthetic wax in an amount of 5-10 wt. % of the amount of gelcoat. 3. Composite anti-slip flooring according to claim 1, characterized in that fiberglass is used as glass mat. 4. Composite anti-slip flooring according to claim 1, characterized in that fiberglass is used as glass mat. 5. Composite anti-slip flooring according to claim 1, characterized in that the built-in abrasive contains a mixture of 80% natural quartz sand and 20% river sand. 6. Composite anti-slip flooring according to claim 1, characterized in that the flow rate of a mixture of natural quartz and river sand is 600-800 g per 1 m ² .

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