RU2724665C1 - Natural insecticide and method for potato pests control based thereon - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, to protection of plants against pests. Natural insecticide is an aqueous suspension of fine powder of zeolite-containing tripoli of Khotynetskoye deposit with specific surface area of not less than 95 m/g and particle size of 100 mcm, consisting of a set of silicon-containing compounds, wherein as a basic water-soluble compound, it contains amorphous silicon of not less than 10.53 wt. % in terms of silicon-containing compounds and concentration of fine powder in aqueous suspension is 2.0–4.0 wt. %. Natural insecticide further contains an emulsifier in an amount of not less than 0.2 wt. %, in form of OP-10. Natural insecticide is used in potato pest control by treating plants in the initial period of their population by spraying 2 times with interval of 7 days.EFFECT: proposed natural insecticide and potato pest control method provides effective killing of Colorado beetle larvae and potato aphid, set of mineral silicon-containing compounds and their form enables to use a water-insoluble powder of zeolite-containing treacle in form of a suspension and obtain a stable biological effect against potato pests, including their resistant populations without negative effect on plants and environment.6 cl, 2 tbl, 5 ex

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, to the protection of plants from pests and to the means and methods of using natural insecticides, in particular zeolite-containing tripoli, for controlling potato pests, including their populations resistant to traditional insecticides.

Known natural insecticides from sedimentary rocks such as diatomite, flask and tripoli, containing silicon dioxide, which have insecticidal properties due to the presence of amorphous silicon and the adsorption of lipids from the wax layer of the arthropod epicuticle, which violates the integrity of the integument and leads to death from the dried processed individuals (1, 2).

It is known to use flask rock as an insecticide in the fight against fleas by scattering its powder with a particle size of less than 0.25 mm in places of possible accumulation of insects or the content of fleas treated with powder in rodent burrows (3). The tested product has a low surface activity, which affects the effectiveness of its use. To combat plant pests, this drug was not used both by dusting and spraying.

The greatest recognition in the world, as a natural insecticide, was received by the sedimentary rock diatomite, composed of fossilized remains of diatoms and containing 80-90% of amorphous silicon (4). Diatomite (diatomaceous earth) is used as a remedy against household insects, stock pests and plants by dusting or mixing with food.

So, the ECOKILLER tool is known, which is a powder of mountain sedimentary siliceous rock of diatomite with a particle size of 25-30 microns, in the fight against synanthropic insects (red cockroach, bed bug, house cricket, silverfish). Insects are kept in special containers with powdered powder at the rate of 10 g / dm ² , upon contact with which they die (5). The development drawback is the small specific surface (less than 10,000 cm ² / g) of the studied agent, which determines the reduced sorption ability and the working surface of a unit volume of powder, which affects the weak fixing of particles on the body of insects and, accordingly, reduced biological efficiency. In addition, the evaluation of the effectiveness of the studied means of control is limited to laboratory studies.

A diatomite preparation is also known, containing abrasive particles, having a porous structure in the form of a powder with a specific surface area of at least 12,000 cm ² / g and with a differentiated particle size depending on the mode of action on insects (contact, intestinal, fumigant) (6, 7) . Studies carried out in special containers by dusting with diatomite powder from a pneumatic nozzle of a red cockroach and brownie cricket revealed the death of experimental individuals within a few hours and the absence of reproduction of insects on the treated surface for at least 30 days. The disadvantage is the difficulty of using diatomite particles differentiated by size in practical conditions due to the different quality of the structure of insect populations by such a variable indicator as their size. Such a differentiated approach to insect control excludes the use of this drug by spraying. Against plant pests, this drug was not used.

Numerous works are also known on the use of diatomite of different origin by mixing its finely dispersed powders, wettable powders or dusts with grain in the fight against a complex of stock pests (grinders, weevils, crustaceans, flour eaters, etc.). The disadvantage of this work is the high consumption of diatomaceous earth, which negatively affects the quality of stored products (caking, grain outflow).

A diatomite agent in the form of dust is known and a method for dusting wheat crops with it to combat the aphid complex (5 species) in South-West India (8). Pollination of crops was carried out at the peak number of aphids in the norms of 75, 150, 300, 450 and 600 kg of dust / ha. The greatest decrease in aphid abundance was observed in the variant with a diatomite consumption of 450 kg dust / ha for 2 days after pollination compared with the untreated variant. On the 7th day after pollinating the plants, the differences between all experimental variants were leveled. The disadvantages of the method of dusting wheat in the fight against aphids in an industrial environment is the short duration of the protective effect of dust diatomaceous earth and high consumption rates, as well as a negative effect on plants, leading to a decrease in the content of chlorophyll in the leaves and, accordingly, to disrupt photosynthesis in them for 15 days after dusting.

A natural insecticide, close to diatomite, is known - zeolite-containing tripoli, which the authors consider to be a less effective means of pollinating domestic insects than diatomite (7). However, data on pollination, as well as on spraying, of plant pests are absent in these technical solutions. The possibility of such an application of an aqueous suspension of zeolite-containing tripoli powder in the fight against potato pests is doubtful.

The method of pollinating crops is not currently used on an industrial scale, due to the negative impact on plants and the environment.

It is known that batches of zeolite-containing tripoli are heterogeneous in the content of silicon dioxide, reaching 48.44% in the Khotynetsky deposit, including the content of active silicon 7-9% (9). In this regard, the toxic effect of zeolite-containing tripoli in pest control can fluctuate.

The toxic properties of zeolite tripoli are known in the Khotynets field of the Oryol region for younger larvae of the Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say), as well as for larvae and adults of ordinary potato aphids (Aulacorthum solany Kalt.) With different processing methods (dusting, leaf planting in processed food) 1-2% suspension or supernatant) (10). However, the authors revealed only the presence of toxic properties of tripoli, which fluctuated. In this case, the toxicity of dipping into a suspension of powder obtained in laboratory conditions was not sufficient. The stability of the biological effectiveness of zeolite-containing tripoli in relation to potato pests has not been established and is not obvious for production conditions. The content of amorphous silicon for a given batch of zeolite-containing tripoli powder and the content of other components in it have not been established.

We have not found any analogues of using zeolite-containing tripoli against potato pests by spraying plants under production conditions. The Karate Zeon ISS karate insecticide recommended for controlling these pests was taken as the base for the method of spraying against the Colorado potato beetle and ordinary potato aphid (11).

The objective of the invention is to obtain a stable and sufficient effectiveness of a natural insecticide based on zeolite-containing tripoli in the fight against potato pests by spraying, including populations resistant to traditional insecticides, in the absence of negative effects on plants and the environment under production conditions.

The problem was solved by choosing one of the natural insecticides - zeolite-containing tripoli in the Khotynets field of the Oryol region and on its basis a prepared aqueous suspension for spraying plants against potato pests.

A natural insecticide based on zeolite-containing tripoli is a fine powder, which includes silicon-containing compounds with sorption properties. As the main silicon-containing compound with insecticidal activity, it contains water-soluble amorphous silicon in the following ratio, wt. %:

amorphous silicon - not less than 10.53

other silicon compounds - the rest

Natural insecticide contains as silicon compounds (12):

- clinoptilolite - not less than 42%, opalcristobalite - not less than 27%, montmorillonite - not less than 16%, others - the rest;

- as the main silicon-containing compound having an insecticidal property, contains opalcristobalite;

- opalcristobalite consists of a combination of water-soluble amorphous and crystalline silicon at a ratio of wt. %

amorphous silicon - 39 crystalline silicon - the rest

Potato pests are controlled by spraying potatoes with an aqueous suspension of zeolite-containing tripoli powder containing up to 10.53 wt. % amorphous silicon with the addition of an emulsifier, during the period of plant population by pests 2 times with an interval of at least 7 days in concentrations of at least 2 wt. % and / or 4 wt. % depending on the type of pest in the following ratio of components in it, wt. %:

- zeolite-containing tripoli powder - 2, emulsifier - 0.2, water - the rest;

- against the Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say), the plants are sprayed with an aqueous suspension in a concentration of at least 2 wt. %

- against ordinary potato aphids (Aulacorthum solany Kalt.) plants are sprayed with an aqueous suspension in a concentration of 4 wt;

- as an emulsifier use OP-10.

It is known that natural zeolite-containing tripoli of the Khotynets origin is aluminosilicate, finely porous rock in structure, consists of a complex of minerals. The presence of a number of minerals in a zeolite-containing tripoli determines its unique adsorption, ion exchange, heat and sound insulation and other properties, and, accordingly, the multifunctionality of its use in different spheres of human activity (construction, textile, petrochemical and food industries, medicine, etc.).

Zeolite-containing tripoli of this deposit is safe for humans and animals, does not require registration as a pesticide (letter of the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia No. 19/52 dated January 15, 2014) According to the All-Russian Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography, zeolite-containing tripoli is not harmful to the environment, since the values its average lethal concentrations for phyto- and zooplankton and for fish are more than 1000 mg / l. The zeolite-containing tripoli of this deposit in an accessible form for the life of plants and animals contains silicon, calcium, magnesium, potassium, phosphorus, cobalt, boron and other trace elements, dispersed organic matter (bottom sediments of phytoplankton and small marine animals) (9). In this regard, it is referred to as natural silicon-containing polymineral compounds and, due to the manifestation of the corresponding properties, is used in agriculture:

- to increase soil fertility mixed with mineral fertilizers (13);

- as a soil moisture-retaining additive to fertilizer, ameliorant (14);

- in the form of greenhouse and greenhouse soils for growing seedlings of vegetable and green crops (15, 16) and moisture-saving soil when growing flower and ornamental plants (soil cultivator ZeoFlora);

- to increase the energy of germination and germination of difficult-to-grow seeds of perennial leguminous herbs (17);

- as a mineral additive in the feed of various types of farm animals for adsorption and excretion of aflatoxin 1 and heavy metal ions from their body (18, 19);

- as a natural sorbent of heavy metals from the arable soil layer to reduce their content in agricultural products (20).

The studies used zeolite-containing tripoli powder of the Khotynets origin of production of LLC ZeoTradeResurs. It contains at least 42% clinoptilolite (zeolite), at least 16% montmorillonite (clay mineral), up to 27% tridymite opalcristobalite (amorphous and crystalline silica), up to 10% quartz, and up to 3% muscovite (potassium mica), up to 2% - feldspar (a mineral from the class of silicates) (12). The powder was obtained by processing natural zeolite-containing raw materials with a fraction of 300 mm in size to a fraction of 100 μm. The established composition and content of the components in the powder made it possible to stabilize sufficient efficiency in the method of spraying potatoes against pests in a production environment.

The powder has a yellowish-beige color and consists 100% of finely ground natural zeolite-containing tripoli with a particle size of 100 μm and a specific surface area of up to 95 m ² / g (21). Tripoli suspensions of different concentrations were obtained by adding an OP-10 emulsifier in water in a proportion of 10% of a portion of its powder. A batch of zeolite-containing tripoli powder was selected with an amorphous silicon content in terms of silicon-containing compounds (12, 22, 23) up to 39 wt. % in opalcristobalite or up to 10.53 wt. % in raw materials.

The objects of study were the Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say) and common potato aphid (Aulacorthum solany Kalt.). The first species damages potatoes everywhere, causing significant crop losses. Ordinary potato aphid poses a danger as a carrier of viral infection on planting seed potatoes in the field and in greenhouses growing its microplants.

The obtained data from the All-Russian Research Institute for Plant Protection indicate the achievement of the task when using the properties of the powder of zeolite-containing tripoli with an amorphous silicon content of up to 10.53% against potato pests in the form of an aqueous suspension. The combination of silicon-containing mineral compounds and their form made it possible to use water-insoluble zeolite-containing tripoli powder in the form of a suspension and to obtain a stably sufficient biological effect against potato pests, including their resistant populations without negative impact on plants and the environment.

Specific examples of the invention demonstrate the achievement of the task.

Example 1

To determine the biological effectiveness in combating both pests, zeolite-containing tripoli powder was taken, containing up to 10.53% of amorphous silicon. Evaluated in plot experiments. The plots were sprayed with a 2% tripoli suspension twice with a weekly interval and with the basic Zeon karate insecticide (standard) - once, in 1% concentration using a Solo backpack sprayer. Plots without treatment served as a control. The experiments were laid in 4 replicates. Pest counts were carried out before treatment and then on days 3 and 7 after each of them. An aqueous suspension at a concentration of 2% was prepared as follows: 20 g of powder were taken, 2 ml of OP-10 emulsifier, the rest was water, they were added to 1 liter.

An experiment in the fight against the Colorado potato beetle was carried out in the Belgorod Region in the phase of the beginning of potato budding on the pest resistant to actellica and sumi-alpha (89.1% and 80.0% of resistant individuals in the population, respectively). Plots with an area of 5 m ^{2 were} treated against hatching larvae based on a flow rate of 250 l / ha. Beetle larvae and adults were counted on 10 plants of each plot.

The stable efficiency of a 2% suspension of tripoli was obtained below the economic threshold of harmfulness. This restrained the development of the pest within 14 days below the EPV (10-15 individuals / bush at 10-15% of the plant population). This allows us to recommend a 2% suspension of tripoli in the fight against the Colorado potato beetle, since a decrease in its number corresponds to the economic threshold of harmfulness (EPV). Furthermore, powder consumption during double treatment is 10 kg / ha.

The number of larvae on day 3 decreased by 70.2% after treatment with a 2% tripoli suspension (Table 1). On the 7th day after treatment, the trepidine efficiency dropped sharply. When re-treating plants with a suspension of tripoli, the number of the pest decreased by 42.2-37.8% in the variant.

Despite the fact that tripoli in a suspension of 2% showed moderate effectiveness in combating the Colorado potato beetle compared to the basic standard of Karate Zeon, double treatment of potatoes with its suspensions with an interval of 7 days reduced the number of pests in 2.1-2.8 times compared with the control.

Example 2

As in example 1, against the Colorado potato beetle, an aqueous suspension was prepared at a concentration of 4%, but with a ratio of components from the calculation: 40 g of powder, 4 ml of OP-10, water - the rest was brought to 1 l. The spraying efficiency after the first treatment corresponded to 72.1-32.2%, after the second - 58.8-49.1% (Table 1). At the same time, the flow rate of the working fluid is 250 l / ha, and the powder during double treatment is 20 kg / ha. There were no statistical differences in the indicators of the biological effectiveness of tripoli in relation to the Colorado potato beetle between 2% and 4% concentrations of tripoli suspension.

Example 3

An experiment with ordinary potato aphids was carried out in the VIZR greenhouse on planting potatoes grown on shelves in ceramic pots (3 pots with a volume of 2 liters per plant - repetition) against the background of artificial planting by female aphids in phase 3 of real leaves. We used aphids collected on potato plantings in the seed farm of Oktyabrskoye CJSC (Volosovsky District, Leningrad Region) from a population resistant to traditional insecticides (47x indicator of resistance to Bi-58). The plants were treated at the beginning of their aphid colonization based on a suspension of 400 l / ha (1 l per 25 m ^{2 of} the greenhouse area, on which 4 replicates of the experiment were located). Aphids were counted on each plant of each repetition. An aqueous suspension of 2% concentration based on zeolite-containing tripoli was prepared as in Example 1.

The biological effectiveness of double spraying with 2% Tripoli suspension was at the level of 86.3-86.8% for 14 days, which is not enough to combat virus carriers (Table 2).

Example 4

As in example 3, a high biological effectiveness of tripoli-based suspension was revealed in the fight against ordinary potato aphid at a concentration of 4%, especially after the second treatment, when the preparation approached the standard of Karate Zeon in terms of biological effectiveness (Table 2).

An aqueous suspension of 4% concentration on the basis of zeolite-containing tripoli was prepared as in Example 2. The flow rate of the suspension was 400 l / ha, and the powder for double treatment was 32 kg / ha. Differences in the biological effectiveness of Tripoli obtained at different concentrations of its suspension in examples 3 and 4 were confirmed by statistical data processing. This allows us to conclude that in the fight against aphids - carriers of a viral infection, a 4% tripoli suspension provides a stably high efficiency.

Example 5

An aqueous suspension based on tripoli powder at a concentration of 4% when spraying potato plants in the field is a boundary value (the appearance of signs of a phytotoxic effect on plants is minor marginal damage to the leaves). The excess concentration of 4 wt. % will lead to more significant negative consequences.

From the above examples it follows that the use of zeolite-containing tripoli powder with a content of up to 10.53 wt. % amorphous silicon is stable and quite effective by double spraying potatoes with an aqueous suspension of tripoli before mass reproduction of pests with an interval of 7 days. A consistently high effect in the fight against the Colorado potato beetle and common potato aphid was noted on the example of insecticide-resistant populations at concentrations of 2 wt. % and 4 wt. %, respectively. A suspension of zeolite-containing tripoli in these concentrations does not have a phytotoxic effect on protected plants.

Thus, a natural insecticide in the form of a powder of zeolite-containing tripoli can be used in production conditions on potatoes in the range of 2-4 wt. % depending on the type of pest by the method of spraying in the form of an aqueous suspension. At a concentration of 2 wt. % against the Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say) and 4 wt. % against common potato aphid (Aulacorthum solany Kali). At these concentrations, the suspension has a stable enough effectiveness and is not phytotoxic to plants. With these techniques, the spraying method provides planting protection for 14 days at a low powder consumption (10 kg / ha and 32 kg / ha, respectively, with double treatment and a working suspension of 250 l / ha and 400 l / ha. This leads to cheaper costs for spraying and saving the powder of zeolite-containing tripoli powder The effectiveness of a natural insecticide and suspension based on it against potato pests is statistically significant in resistant populations, which makes it possible to reduce the use of traditional chemical insecticides and their negative impact on the environment.

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Claims (6)

1. A natural insecticide, characterized in that it is an aqueous suspension of finely dispersed zeolite-containing tripoli powder of the Khotynets field with a specific surface area of at least 95 m ² / g and a particle size of 100 μm, consisting of a combination of silicon-containing compounds, while being the main water-soluble compound, it contains amorphous silicon of at least 10.53 wt. % in terms of siliceous compounds and the concentration of fine powder in an aqueous suspension is 2.0-4.0 wt. % 2. Natural insecticide according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains an emulsifier in an amount of at least 0.2 wt. % 3. A natural insecticide according to claim 2, characterized in that an OP-10 is used as an emulsifier. 4. A method of combating potato pests by treating plants, characterized in that the plants in the initial period of their settlement are sprayed 2 times with an interval of 7 days with an aqueous suspension according to paragraphs. 1-3. 5. The method of pest control according to claim 4, characterized in that against potato aphids (Aulacorthum solany Kalt.), The plants are sprayed with an aqueous suspension at a concentration of 4 wt. % 6. The pest control method according to claim 5, characterized in that against the Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say), the plants are sprayed with an aqueous suspension in a concentration of at least 2 wt. %