RU2724452C1 - Facade lift with vertical and horizontal movement of cradle - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: lifting devices.SUBSTANCE: facade hoist with vertical and horizontal movement of the cradle is intended for performance of maintenance and repair of building structures of facades of operating buildings and structures. Hoist contains two retaining ropes which are rigidly attached to the bogie from below with a possibility of fixation in stationary retainers installed on the cradle, and formation of cradle pad supports together with stationary retainers. Movement of cradle, both vertical and horizontal, is provided by means of same branches of towing and cargo rope, passed through two winches installed directly on cradle. For vertical movement of cradle both winches are simultaneously engaged for rotation in one direction, and for horizontal displacement of cradle both winches are simultaneously switched on rotation in different directions: one winch for bypass of branch of traction-cargo rope upwards, and other winch for bypass of branch of towing-cargo rope downwards.EFFECT: invention provides maintenance and repair of facades of buildings and structures without dismantling and subsequent assembly of facade lift on next vertical section of facade, since it can move horizontally along facade.1 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The field of technology.

The invention relates to the field of construction, repair, restoration and maintenance of the facades of large buildings and structures.

The prior art.

As a prototype adopted "Device for the transport of goods" Patent of the Russian Federation RU 2116415 C1. From the proposed invention, the device described in the RF Patent RU 2116415 C1 has the following differences:

- To move the cradle along the facade, a winch with two drums is used, mounted on a separate foundation next to the building. In a dense urban area this is not always feasible;

- to move the cradle in the horizontal direction, the same winch is used with the simultaneous switching on of the rotation of one rope drum to wind the rope, and the other rope drum to unwind the rope.

The scheme does not guarantee protection from skews of the cradle or from tipping over while synchronously winding one rope onto the drum and unwinding another rope from the drum for the following reasons:

- the ends of the traction ropes are fixed in the grips of the platform without the ability to adjust their length directly during operation;

- traction ropes structurally have different lengths from winch drums to cradle locations in the cradle and different lengths of ropes wound around the drums, so the rest inertia of two different rope systems with drums will not be the same. This means that the speed of the set of revolutions by the drum drives will also not be the same. This may cause the platform to skew;

- the extraction of ropes on different branches during operation will be different, over time, the length of the ropes will change and will greatly differ from their original length. A long rope stretches significantly more than a short one. This will lead to a significant skew of the platform and the need to adjust the length of the ropes and rewind them. This will take time and special equipment;

- the left and right edges of the platform are not fixed in any way from distortions during horizontal movement.

These shortcomings can lead to significant distortions of the platform in the process of its movement, especially at the beginning of movement, and as a result - to overturn the platform.

It is known "Device for the transportation of goods" according to the Patent of the Russian Federation RU 2117126 C1. From the proposed invention described in the Patent of the Russian Federation RU 2117126 C1 device has the following differences:

- To move the cradle along the facade, a winch with two drums is used, mounted on a separate foundation next to the building. In a dense urban area this is not always feasible;

- to move the cradle in the horizontal direction, the same winch is used with the simultaneous inclusion of rotation of one rope drum to wind the rope, and the other rope drum to unwind the rope.

The scheme does not guarantee protection from skews of the cradle or from tipping over while synchronously winding one rope onto the drum and unwinding another rope from the drum for the following reasons:

- the ends of the traction ropes are fixed in the grips of the platform without the ability to adjust their length directly during operation;

- traction ropes structurally have different lengths from drums to embedment places in the cradle and different lengths of ropes wound around the drums, so the rest inertia of two different rope systems with drums will not be the same. This means that the speed of the set of revolutions by the drum drives will also not be the same. This will skew the platform;

- the extraction of ropes on different branches during operation will be different, over time, the length of the ropes will change and will greatly differ from their original length. A long rope stretches significantly more than a short one. This will lead to a significant skew of the platform and the need to adjust the length of the ropes and rewind them. This will take time and special equipment;

- the left and right edges of the platform are not fixed in any way from distortions during horizontal movement.

These shortcomings can lead to significant distortions of the platform in the process of its movement, especially at the beginning of movement, and as a result - to overturn the platform.

It is known "Device for suspension of a building cradle" according to RF Patent RU 2074299 C1. From the proposed invention, the device described in Patent RU 2074299 C1 has the following differences:

- the device includes a set of interchangeable equipment: a rod, a carriage, a rope system. The design is complex. To change the device from vertical lines of facade maintenance to horizontal lines and vice versa, it is necessary to replace the bar with a carriage (or carriage by a bar), replace and change the cable-block system. In the conditions of regulated terms of repair work on the building, this leads to unproductive losses of working time.

The well-known "Facade lift with vertical and horizontal movement of the cradle" according to the Patent of the Russian Federation RU 2704655 C1. The facade elevator described in the RF Patent RU 2704655 C1 has the following differences:

- instead of one towing rope passed through two winches, the hoist has a separate pulling rope, the left and right branches of which are stored on two friction rope drums, and two separate cargo ropes passed through two hoisting hoists - lowering;

- freight ropes along which the cradle moves in the vertical direction are rigidly embedded in the frame of the trolley and move together with the trolley and the cradle in the horizontal direction;

- the branches of the traction rope in several turns are stored on two friction rope drums with the possibility of free rotation or their rigid fixation from rotation, which, when alternately fixing the friction rope drums from rotation, ensures the operation of the friction rope drum together with the traction rope as a traction organ of the cart and, as the consequence is the movement of the trolley with the cradle suspended to it in the horizontal direction to the left or to the right, while as the driving force for moving the trolley with the cradle suspended to it in the horizontal direction, the weight of the cradle is used when the latter is moved down the cargo ropes in the vertical direction;

- the cradle winches simultaneously and synchronously rotate in only one direction: either to raise the cradle up or to lower the cradle down;

- the trajectory of the cradle moving to the desired point in the horizontal direction has a stepped zigzag shape, and not the shape of a straight horizontal line at a given height.

Lifts are known according to Patents of the Russian Federation RU 2442621 C1, RU 2355623 C2 and RU 2351528 C2. However, these devices differ from the proposed invention in that their cradles move strictly in the vertical direction along rigid guides fixedly mounted in the outer wall of the building or structure, or being part of this structure. Mentioned lifts are designed exclusively for movement in the vertical direction and do not allow the cradle to be moved in the horizontal direction.

Disclosure of the invention.

The facade elevator is designed for repair, restoration and maintenance of building structures and surfaces of the facades of large buildings and structures and contains:

- a frame with guide elements and stops mounted along the edge of the roof of a building or structure;

- a trolley with left and right deflecting blocks;

- cradle;

- two branches of the towing rope;

- two holding ropes rigidly embedded in the frame of the trolley;

- two winches, providing movement of the cradle in both vertical and horizontal directions;

- two cradle clamps on the holding ropes;

- a system of bypass blocks;

- leveling block;

- cargo tension traction rope;

- two tension weights for holding ropes.

The essence of the proposed invention lies in the fact that the design of the front elevator provides for two retaining ropes, rigidly attached to the carriage from below, which, if necessary, the horizontal movement of the cradle is fixed in stationary clamps mounted on the cradle and, thus, together with stationary clamps become rigid hanging supports the cradle, which prevents the cradle from deviating from the horizontal position and its possible tipping over during horizontal movement, and the cradle moving, both vertical and horizontal, is provided with the help of the same branches of the towing rope, passed through two passage winch mounted directly on for the vertical movement of the cradle, both winches are simultaneously turned on for rotation in one direction, and for the horizontal movement of the cradle, both winches are simultaneously turned on for rotation in different directions: one winch for bypassing the branch the rope rope up, and the other winch to bypass the branch of the cargo rope down.

The appearance of this proposed invention is associated with a sharp increase in the volume of construction of residential and public buildings, an increase in the volume of work on the repair, restoration and maintenance of facades, balconies and loggias, cornices and drainage systems of buildings and structures. The accelerated pace of commissioning of new buildings and structures has required changes in conceptual approaches to the organization of works on repair, restoration, maintenance of building facades in the direction of reducing lead times, reducing unproductive labor costs. To solve these problems, new original technical devices are required.

As a rule, the bulk of the operated facade elevators provides the ability to move the cradle only in the vertical direction. This leads to unnecessary time spent on dismantling and assembling the structures of the facade elevator to work on the next vertical section of the building facade.

The technical result of the proposed invention is the task of providing access to any part of the facade of a building or structure without dismantling and subsequent installation of the facade elevator, because the cradle has the ability to move horizontally along the facade. To ensure the horizontal movement of the lift cradle, additional traction devices and winches are not required. The horizontal movement of the cradle is provided by the same winches and ropes as the vertical movement of the cradle up and down. The horizontal movement of the cradle is controlled in the same way as the vertical one, directly from the cradle by the workers themselves.

The invention can also be applied to standard facade lifts that are already in operation and are commercially available by the industry, with their slight modernization and understaffing. The facade elevator control system adds the ability to send commands to rotate the hoist hoists and lower the cradles in different directions: one winch to the rope bypass up, and the other winch to the rope bypass down. At the same time, the designs, mechanisms and safety systems of the lift itself are not changed.

A brief description of the drawings.

A schematic diagram of a facade elevator is shown in FIG. 1.

1. Frame with guiding elements and stops.

2. Trolley.

3-liter The block is left.

3-p. The block is right.

4-liter Left traction rope branch.

4 p. Right-hand rope branch.

5-liter The rope is holding left.

5-p. The rope holding the right.

6-liter The winch is left.

6 p. The winch is right.

7 l The rope lock is left.

7 p. The rope lock is right.

8. Cradle.

9. The system of bypass blocks.

10. Leveling block.

11. Tension load G.

12. Tension load g.

13. The building.

The frame with guiding elements and stops 1 is designed to absorb the load from the trolley 2, the cradle 8 with all assemblies, mechanisms, ropes, equipment and a working crew mounted on it, as well as to enable the movement of the trolley 2 with the cradle 8 in the horizontal direction. The frame stops serve to limit the travel of the trolley 2 in extreme positions, as well as to secure the ends of the left 4-l and right 4-p branches of the towing rope.

Trolley 2 is designed to secure the ends of the left 5-l and right 5-p holding ropes and place the left 3-l block and the right 3-p block on it.

Blocks left 3-l and right 3-p are designed to change the direction of the left 4-l and right 4-p branches of the towing rope and to transfer horizontal force equal to a part of the weight of the cradle 8 to the trolley 2 during the rotation of the 6-l winches and 6-p in different directions. This ensures the movement of the trolley 2 with the cradle 8 suspended to it along the guide elements in the horizontal direction to the left or right.

The left 4-l and right 4-p branches of the towing rope are designed to hang the cradle 8, to perceive the weight of the cradle 8 and to transfer this force to the left 3-l block or to the right 3-p block and then to trolley 2.

The 5-l left holding rope and the 5-p right holding rope are designed to absorb the weight of the cradle 8 when they are fixed in the latches 7-l and 7-p, when the 6-l and 6-p winches rotate in different directions.

Winches left 6-l and right 6-p are designed to ensure the movement of the cradle 8 up and down, right and left.

The latches 7-l and 7-p are designed to fix the holding ropes 5-l and 5-p and prevent the cradle 8 from moving in the vertical direction downward when one of the 6-l or 6-p winches is working on bypassing the branches of the 4- l or 4-p up.

Cradle 8 is designed to accommodate the working crew, materials and tools.

The system of bypass blocks 9 is designed to change the direction of the left 4-l and right 4-p branches of the towing rope, followed by its output to the equalizing block 10.

Leveling block 10 is designed for uniform distribution of the load from the tension load G 11 to both branches of the 4-l and 4-p towing rope and its transfer from one branch to another with the horizontal movement of the trolley 2.

The tension load G 11 is designed to create the necessary tension of the branches of the 4-l and 4-p hoisting rope with the aim of providing the friction force necessary for the 6-l and 6-p winches to work between the turns of the 4-l and 4- hoisting rope n and rope drums of winches.

Stretch weights g 12 are designed to create the necessary tension of the 5-l and 5-p holding ropes in order to ensure the correct, trouble-free operation of the 7-l and 7-p rope clamps and rigid suspension supports.

When developing design documentation and working drawings for the manufacture of new facade elevators using the present invention, the elevator design should include commercially available and certified devices to prevent the elevator cradle from falling or skewing when the cargo ropes break or when they unwind unintentionally in the event of a power failure.

The principle of operation of the front elevator.

Working position.

The trolley 2 is at rest on the guide elements of the frame 1.

The cradle 8 hangs on the branches of the 4-l and 4-p towing rope.

The holding ropes 5-l and 5-p are not fixed in the clips 7-l and 7-p.

Moving the cradle 8 up and down.

The trolley 2 is at rest on the guide elements of the frame 1.

The cradle 8 hangs on the branches of the 4-l and 4-p towing rope.

The holding ropes 5-l and 5-p are not fixed in the clips 7-l and 7-p.

6-l and 6-p winches are switched on for simultaneous bypass of the 4-l and 4-p traction rope branches up or down.

The distribution of forces acting on the cradle 8 in the operating position and when moving it up or down is shown in FIG. 2.

Moving trolley 2 with cradle 8 to the right.

The trolley 2 is at rest on the guide elements of the frame 1.

The cradle 8 hangs on the branches of the 4-l and 4-p towing rope.

The holding ropes 5-l and 5-p are fixed in the clips 7-l and 7-p.

At the same time, the left 6-liter winch for bypassing the left branch of the towing rope 4-l up and the right 6-p winch for crossing the right branch of the towing rope 4-p down. At the same time, the length of the left branch of the 4-p traction rope becomes longer, and the length of the right branch of the 4-p traction rope becomes less by the same amount. Thus, the trolley 2 together with the cradle 8 are moved to the right along a straight horizontal path at a given height.

When the left branch of the 4-liter pull-and-load rope is bypassed upward, the tension of this branch decreases, up to the complete removal of the load on this branch. The load, which is removed from the left branch of the 4-liter traction and freight rope, is perceived by the 5-liter left holding rope fixed in the 7-liter retainer. At the same time, the 5-L left holding rope, fixed in the 7-L retainer, keeps the left part of the cradle 8 from moving downwards and thus prevents the possibility of skewing and tipping of the cradle 8.

When bypassing the right branch of the 4-p pull-load rope, the tension of this branch (load on this branch) will be equal to half the weight of the cradle 8. The load on the right 3-p block becomes more than the load on the left 3-l block. The difference in these loads creates a driving force for moving the cart 2 with the cradle 8 to the right.

The distribution of forces acting on the cradle 8 when moving it to the right is shown in FIG. 3. A diagram of the forces acting on the block of the right 3-p carriage 2 is shown in FIG. five.

Moving trolley 2 with cradle 8 to the left.

The trolley 2 is at rest on the guide elements of the frame 1.

The cradle 8 hangs on the branches of the 4-l and 4-p towing rope.

The holding ropes 5-l and 5-p are fixed in the clips 7-l and 7-p.

At the same time, the right 6-p winch for bypassing the right branch of the tow-rope 4-p up and the left 6-liter winch for bypassing the left branch of the tow-rope 4-l down. At the same time, the length of the right branch of the 4-p traction rope becomes longer, and the length of the left branch of the 4-l traction rope becomes less by the same amount. Thus, the trolley 2 together with the cradle 8 are moved to the left along a straight horizontal path at a given height.

When the right branch of the 4-p pull-and-load rope is bypassed upward, the tension of this branch decreases, until the load on this branch is completely removed. The load that is removed from the right branch of the 4-p towing rope is perceived by the 5-p right holding cable fixed in the 7-p lock. At the same time, the right holding cable 5-p, fixed in the latch 7-p, keeps the right part of the cradle 8 from moving down and thus prevents the possibility of skewing and tipping of the cradle 8.

When the left branch of the 4-liter pull-and-load rope is bypassed down, the tension of this branch (load on this branch) will be equal to half the weight of the cradle. The load on the left 3-liter block becomes greater than the load on the right 3-p block. The difference in these loads creates a driving force for moving the cart 2 with the cradle 8 to the left.

The distribution of forces acting on the cradle 8 when moving it to the left is shown in FIG. 4. A diagram of the forces acting on the block of the left 3-liter trolley 2 is shown in FIG. 6.

Justification of the principle of the facade elevator.

The working position of the cradle 8, moving it up or down (Fig. 2).

In the working position of the cradle 8 and when moving it up or down, a force equal to half the weight of the equipped cradle acts on each branch of the 4-l or 4-p towing rope:

P =

Where

P - the tension force of the branches of the traction rope 4-l or 4-p;

Q is the weight strength of the equipped cradle 8.

The force P is applied at points A and B.

The holding ropes 5-l and 5-p are not fixed in the clamps 7-l and 7-p, and the load from the weight of the cradle 8 is not transferred to them (points C and D).

Moving the cart 2 with the cradle 8 to the right (Fig. 3).

The holding ropes 5-l and 5-p are fixed in the clips 7-l and 7-p.

When the left branch of the traction rope 4-l is overhead, the load on this branch decreases and the force P is partially redistributed to the hanging rigid support (force P ₁ ) - the 5-l left holding rope fixed in the retainer 5-l (to point C). The load on the left branch of the towing rope 4-l decreases and becomes equal to P ₂ .

Wherein

P = P ₁ + P ₂ ; P ₁ ≤ P and 0 ≤ P ₂ <P.

When the right branch of the towing-cargo edge 4-p is down, the load on this branch remains the same - equal to the force P. Moreover, the 5-p right holding cable fixed in the retainer 7-p remains unloaded (at point D).

There is a moment tending to bring the cradle 8 from a horizontal position counterclockwise. However, the rigid hanging support at point C does not allow the left edge of the cradle 8 to fall down, and the force of the weight of the cradle Q creates a leveling moment

M = Q

relative to point C, which prevents the cradle from coming out of a horizontal position.

The horizontal section of the right branch of the towing rope 4-p also experiences a tension equal to R.

The horizontal section of the left branch of the 4-l traction rope undergoes a tension equal to P ₂ .

Moreover, P ₂ <R.

P - P ₂ = S,

where S is the force moving the trolley 2 with the cradle 8 to the right.

The force diagrams on the right block 3-p are shown in FIG. five.

The force acting on the right block 3-p will be equal to

,F =

,

Where

F is the force acting on the right block 3-p;

α is the angle between the directions of the rope enveloping the block.

In our case, α = 90 °.

Then

.F =

.

Thus, the horizontal component F _{g of the} force F and the vertical component F _{in the} force F will be equal to the force P:

F _r = F _in = R.

Moving the cart 2 with the cradle 8 to the left (Fig. 4).

The holding ropes 5-l and 5-p are fixed in the clips 7-l and 7-p.

When the right branch of the 4-p traction-rope cable is pulled up, the load on this branch decreases and the force P is partially redistributed to the hanging rigid support (force P ₁ ) - the 5-p right holding cable fixed in the retainer 7-p (to point D). The load on the right branch of the towing rope 4-p decreases and becomes equal to P ₂ .

Wherein

P = P ₁ + P ₂ ; P ₁ ≤ P and 0 ≤P ₂ <P.

When the left branch of the traction-cargo edging 4-l downwards, the load on this branch remains the same - equal to the force P. Moreover, the left 5-liter retaining rope fixed in the retainer remains unloaded (at point C).

There is a moment tending to bring the cradle 8 from a horizontal position clockwise. However, the support at point D does not allow the right edge of the cradle 8 to fall down, and the force of the weight of the cradle Q creates an equalizing moment

M = Q

relative to point D, which prevents the cradle 8 from coming out of a horizontal position.

The horizontal section of the left branch of the 4-l traction rope also experiences a tension equal to R.

The horizontal section of the right branch of the towing rope 4-p undergoes a tension equal to P ₂ .

Moreover, P ₂ <R.

P - P₂ = S

where S is the force moving the trolley 2 with the cradle 8 to the left.

The force diagram on the left 3-L block is shown in FIG. 6. This diagram is identical to the diagram for the right 3-p block shown in FIG. 5, and differs only in the direction of action of forces.

The distance between the branch of the traction rope and the holding rope in the projection onto the plane of the drawing is shown conditionally. In reality, it can be insignificant or equal to zero.

The implementation of the invention.

The invention can be used by construction and housing organizations for the repair and maintenance of facades of large buildings and structures, the delivery of goods to the building, including through window openings.

The facade elevator proposed by the present invention can be put into mass production at enterprises specializing in the production of hoisting-and-transport machines and mechanisms.

The proposed invention can be implemented on existing facade elevators. To do this, you need to make a simple upgrade of the lift. At the same time, the designs, equipment, mechanisms and safety systems of the existing lifts are not subject to change, the current industrial safety standards are not violated. At the same time, holding ropes mentioned in the description of the present invention can be used as safety ropes in the safety system of a facade elevator.

Technical solutions contained in the invention can be used to create devices designed for maintenance, diagnostics, restoration and repair of facades of most types of existing, designed and constructed buildings.

Claims (1)

Front elevator with vertical and horizontal movement of the cradle, containing a supporting frame with guiding elements and stops located along the edge of the building roof, a trolley with blocks moving along the guiding elements of the supporting frame together with a cradle suspended from it, two winches for moving the cradle, two traction branches -freight rope for suspension and movement of the cradle, two holding ropes for absorbing the load from the weight of the cradle during its horizontal movement, a system of bypass blocks for changing the direction of the branches of the towing rope, a leveling block with a tension load for tension and even distribution of loads on the branches of the traction rope, tension weights of the retaining ropes, characterized in that the two retaining ropes are rigidly attached to the trolley from below with the possibility of fixing in the stationary clamps mounted on the cradle, and the formation together with the stationary clamps of the hanging cradle supports, which prevents deviation the cradle from a horizontal position and its possible tipping over during horizontal movement, and the cradle movement, both vertical and horizontal, is ensured by the same branches of the towing rope, passed through the above two winches mounted directly on the cradle, while for for vertical movement of the cradle, both winches are simultaneously turned on to rotate in one direction, and for horizontal movement of the cradle, both winches are simultaneously turned on to rotate in different directions: one winch to bypass the branch of the cargo rope up, and the other winch to bypass the branch of the cargo-rope down .

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