RU2723005C1 - System for automatic switching of communication and control channels for radio flight support facilities - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: radio engineering and communication.

SUBSTANCE: system for automatic switching of channels (SASC) of communication and control for facilities of radio technical support of flights includes equipment made with possibility to switch main wire communication channel to wireless standby by comparing their spectra in certain way.

EFFECT: providing continuous operation of the system, reliability and quality of communication.

6 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The field of technology. The invention relates to air traffic control systems, specifically to a system for automatic switching of channels (SAKK) of communication and control for radio-technical flight support (RTOP) and air traffic control (ATC).

The level of technology.

Known systems for manual and semi-automatic switching of communication channels and control for RTOP and ATC / Copyright certificate SU 1252269, RU 1826136, RU 2143788 /.

A disadvantage of the known switching systems of communication channels is the lack of performance associated with insufficient automation of communication channels.

For modern communication systems and air traffic control / RU 118092 / developed by the Applicant, automatic communication channel switching systems (SACC) are required, which are suitable for efficient switching of communication channels, reliable operation in RTOP and air traffic control of various manufacturers.

Such SAHCs are not found in the prior art.

The objective of the invention is to increase the performance and reliability of SAKK in the RTOP and ATC of various manufacturers, and the technical result that provides a solution to this problem is the development of SAAK, providing a quick automatic transition from a failed channel to a backup, and back when restoring the main channel, in real time, providing access to the Ethernet environment and unification of application with RTOP equipment from different manufacturers.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The achievement of the claimed technical result and, as a result, the solution of the problem is ensured by the fact that the system 1 of automatic switching channels (SAKK) of communication and control for radio-technical flight support includes a block of 2 automatic switches (AIC) of communication channels with module 3 settings Ethernet - communication, installed at the control center 4 of the air traffic control (DPU), and one analogous AIC for each executive means (IP) 5.1 at remote objects 5 of radio flight support (RTOP). Each AIC 2 DPU 4 and the corresponding AIC 2 RTOP 5 are interconnected by a cable line 6.1-6.2 of analogue communication of a tonal frequency (TCH - communication), a cable line 6.3, 6.4 of a digital communication and a radio link 7.1, 7.2 of a reserve communication. AIC 2 is universal and contains a quality comparison unit (BSK) 2.1 of the main wired and backup wireless communication channels connected through a block 2.2 of switches (BC) of communication channels to the connection buses 3, 4, 5 of the corresponding communication channels 6, 7. At the same time, BSK 2.1 is configured to assess the suitability for data transmission of the analog communication line 3 by correlation of the spectra of analog signals, and the digital communication line 4 by the coincidence of the pulse-code sequences of digital signals passing through the corresponding main wire 6 and backup 7 wireless communication channel. For this, BSK 2.1 contains interconnected interface lines of communication module 2.1.1 adaptation and data exchange (MAOD) between the main wire 6 and backup 7 wireless communication channels, module 2.1.2 calculation and comparison of the spectra (MVSS) of the analog signals of the main wire 6 and backup 7 wireless communication channels, module 2.1.3 comparison of pulse-code sequences (MIKP) of digital signals of the main wire 6 and backup 7 wireless communication channels and module 2.1.4 memory of control programs (MPPU) processes of conversion and adaptation of digital data of the main wire 6 and backup 7 wireless channels. BC 2.2 contains ports 2.2.1 of the analog interface, ports 2.2.2 of the digital interface for exchanging with the corresponding buses 3, 4 connecting the main wired communication lines, and port 2.2.3 - a backup communication channel for bidirectional exchange of signaling information with a backup 7 wireless communication channel.

Proof of the achievement of the claimed technical result and the solution of the task.

The implementation of SAKK 1 on the universal agro-industrial complex 2 allows you to control the quality of communication and in a timely manner, without operator intervention, automatically switch communication between OKU 4.1 and IS 5.1 from the main to the backup communication lines and vice versa. This provides an increase in the reliability and efficiency of managing RTOP funds. Execution of AIC 2 with a universal and including digital block 2.1 quality comparison (BSC) of the main wired and backup wireless communication channels, connected through the block 2.2 of switches (BC) of communication channels with buses 3, 4, 5 connecting the corresponding communication channels 6, 7, applicable to systems communications and air traffic control (ATC), various equipment manufacturers. I.e. It has unification of both a technical plan and a systematic approach to process automation. Access to the Ethernet environment allows you to connect to a local area network (LAN) and wireless communication lines 7, to monitor and configure SAKK 1 through module 3 settings with DPU 4 or remotely from anywhere with network access to module 3.

In general, the indicated technical advantages of SAKK 1 make it possible to ensure uninterrupted transmission of data and control commands to RTOP and ATC.

Link to the drawings.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, presented in figure 1 - figure 2.

Figure 1 presents a functional diagram of a system of automatic switching channels (SAKK) communication for radio-technical support of aviation flights in the air traffic control system.

Figure 2 is a functional diagram of a device for automatic switching of channels (UAKK) communication SAKK.

In Fig.1-2, the positions indicated:

1 - automatic channel switching system (SAKK) communications for radio flight support;

2 - automatic channel switch (AIC) of communication SAKK 1;

2.1 - a unit for comparing the quality of the main wired and backup wireless communication channels (BSK);

2.1.1 - the adaptation and data exchange module (MAOD) between the main wired and backup wireless communication channels;

2.1.1.2 - microcontroller (MK) MAOD 1.1;

2.1.1.2 - random access memory (RAM) MAOD 1.1;

2.1.1.3 - Ethernet communication switching module (CS);

2.1.2 - module for calculating and comparing spectra (MVSS) of analog signals at the input and output end of a wire analogue communication channel PM;

2.1.3 - module for comparing pulse-code sequences (MIKP) of digital signals at the input and output end of a wired digital communication channel;

2.1.4 - memory module control programs (MPPU) the processes of conversion and adaptation of digital data of the main wired and backup wireless communication channels

2.2 - block switches (BC) communication channels:

2.2.1 - analog interface port for connecting a wired analog communication channel (PM);

2.2.2 - digital interface port for connecting a wired digital communication channel (RS232);

2.2.3 - port of the backup communication channel for connecting a backup wireless digital communication channel (Eth);

2.3 - buses connecting the main wire channel of analogue communication of tone frequency (PM):

2.4 - buses connecting the main wired digital communication channel:

2.4.1 - digital communication cable with a flight control center (CPU) 6;

2.4.2 - digital communication cable with radio flight support equipment (RTOP);

2.5 - buses for connecting a backup wireless channel of digital Ethernet communication:

2.5.1 - radio link backup communication with DPU 4;

2.5.2 - radio link backup communication with RTOP 7;

3 - module settings Ethernet - communication SAKK 1;

4 - flight control center (DPU);

4.1 - monitoring and control equipment (CMC) of remote objects;

4.2 - Ethernet switch DPU 4;

5 - remote objects of radio engineering flight support (RTOP);

5.1 - executive means (IP) of RTOP 5 facilities;

5.2 - Ethernet switch RTOP 5;

6 - main communication cables;

6.1 - PM communication cable APK 2 with OKU 4.1;

6.2 - PM communication cable APK 2 with IP 5.1;

6.3 - APK 2 digital communication cable with OKU 4.1;

6.4 - cable for digital communication APK 2 with IP 5.1;

7 - backup communication cables

7.1 - digital radio communication cable APK 2 with OKU 4.1;

7.2 - digital communication cable APK 2 with IP 5.1.

Disclosure of the invention

According to figure 1 and figure 2, the system 1 of automatic switching channels (SAKK) communication and control for radio flight support includes a block of 2 automatic switches (AIC) of communication channels with module 3 settings Ethernet - communication installed on the control room 4 control (DPU ) by air traffic, and one analogous AIC for each executive means (IP) 5.1 at remote objects 5 of radio flight support (RTOP). Each AIC 2 DPU 4 and the corresponding AIC 2 RTOP 5 are interconnected by a cable line 6.1-6.2 of analogue communication of a tonal frequency (TCH - communication), a cable line 6.3, 6.4 of a digital communication and a radio link 7.1, 7.2 of a reserve communication. AIC 2 is universal and contains a quality comparison unit (BSK) 2.1 of the main wired and backup wireless communication channels connected through a block 2.2 of switches (BC) of communication channels to the connection buses 3, 4, 5 of the corresponding communication channels 6, 7. At the same time, BSK 2.1 is configured to assess the suitability for data transmission of the analog communication line 3 by correlation of the spectra of analog signals, and the digital communication line 4 by the coincidence of the pulse-code sequences of digital signals passing through the corresponding main wire 6 and backup 7 wireless communication channel. For this, BSK 2.1 contains interconnected interface lines of communication module 2.1.1 adaptation and data exchange (MAOD) between the main wire 6 and backup 7 wireless communication channels, module 2.1.2 calculation and comparison of the spectra (MVSS) of the analog signals of the main wire 6 and backup 7 wireless communication channels, module 2.1.3 comparison of pulse-code sequences (MIKP) of digital signals of the main wire 6 and backup 7 wireless communication channels and module 2.1.4 memory of control programs (MPPU) processes of conversion and adaptation of digital data of the main wire 6 and backup 7 wireless channels. BC 2.2 contains ports 2.2.1 of the analog interface, ports 2.2.2 of the digital interface for exchanging with the corresponding buses 3, 4 for connecting the main wired communication lines, and port 2.2.3 - a backup communication channel for bidirectional signal information exchange with a backup 7 wireless communication channel. MPPU 2.1.4 is made in the form of a removable SD card or Flash-memory, and its programs are executed in the Python programming language for the SM-A20 series microcomputers with the Linux operating system, the volume of the program source text is 9 Kb. BSK 2.1 and BC 2.2 are installed on separate boards and are interconnected by a 64-pin interface connector for bi-directional exchange and switching of received signals. MAOD 2.1.1 is made in the form of a SM-A20 series microcomputer and contains a microcontroller 2.1.1.1 installed on the interface interface card, random access memory (RAM) 2.1.1.2 and Ethernet communication module 2.1.1.3 connected via port 2.2. 3 backup communication channels with buses connecting the backup 7 wireless communication channels. The microcontroller 2.1.1.1 is based on a microcomputer of the Allwinner A20 series. MVSS 2.1.2 is made in the form of an STM32 microcontroller, with a built-in program for the fast Fourier transform (FFT) of the amplitude-time characteristics (AVX) of analog signals into amplitude-frequency characteristics (AFC) of their spectrum. The STM32 microcontroller is connected at the input through an analog-to-digital (ADC) and digital-to-analog converter (DAC) unit with an analog interface port 2.2.1 with 3-wire analog communication buses, and at the output, with a microcontroller 2.1.1.1 MAOD 2.1.1 . MIKP 2.1.3 is made in the form of an STM32 microcontroller equipped with a correlation program for byte-wise comparison of digital signals of the main wired and backup wireless communication channels. MIKP 2.1.3 is connected at the input through the digital interface port 2.2.2 of the block 2.2 of the switches with 4 buses connecting the wired 6 digital communication channel, and at the output - with the microcontroller 2.1.1 1 MAOD 2.1.1.

Work SAKK.

System automatic channel switching (SAKK) communication works as follows.

Until SAKK 1 is turned on, the control and management equipment (CMO) 4.1 of the flight control center (DPU) 4 is connected to the executive means (IS) 5.1 of the remote RTOP objects using cables 6 of the main analogue 6.1 and digital 6.2 communication via buses 3 and 4 of port 2.2.1 and 2.2.2 respectively.

When SAKK 1 is turned on, loading of the Allwinner-A20 MK operating system 2.1.1.1 MAOD 2.1.1 of all AIC 2 starts and initialization of their STM32 microcontrollers in MVSS 2.1.2 and in MIKP 2.1.3 takes place. STM32 microcontrollers in MVSS 2.1.2 and MIKP 2.1.3 are initialized faster than the operating system MK 2.1.1.1 MAOD 2.1.1 has time to load.

Therefore, after initialization, the STM32 microcontrollers in MVSS 2.1.2 and MIKP 2.1.3 wait for a signal from MK 2.1.1.1 MAOD 2.1.1. After loading the operating system from MPPU 2.1.4, the main program MK 2.1.1.1 MAOD 2.1.1 starts to run and a signal is sent to all STM32 MVSS 2.1.2 and MIKP 2.1.3 controllers about the start of work. If there are incoming packets from MK 2.1.1.1 MAOD 2.1.1, MVSS 2.1.2 switches the relay relay port 2.2.1 BC 2.2. In this case, the analogue communication line 6.1 from the DPU 6 equipment through the PM port (PM input / output for equipment) 2.2.1 is connected to the input interfaces of the MCCS 2.1.2, and the output interfaces of the MCCS 2.1.2 are connected through the PM 2.2.1 port and buses 3 to the analog lines of the main wire communication 6.2 on the IP 5.1 RTOP 5.

The analog signal from equipment 4.1 ДПУ 6 received in MVSS 2.1.2 through the PM 2.2.1 port BC 2.0 is digitized in an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), its spectrum is compressed and calculated using the fast Fourier transform algorithm, after which the received signal goes simultaneously in two ways .

Way 1. The inverse digital-to-analogue conversion (DAC) of the DPU 4 signal to the amplitude-time characteristics of the analog signal is performed. In this case, the analog signal of the DPU 4 is transmitted back to the BC 2.2 to the PM 2.2.1 interface and through the second bus 3 it passes to the main wire communication line 6.2 leading to the IS 5.1 RTOP 5. On the IS 5.1, the analog signal of the DCM 4.1 DPU 4 is processed in a similar APC 2, its spectrum is measured.

Way 2. The compressed signal along with its spectrum through MAOD 2.1.1, port 2.2.3, bus 5 and the backup channel 7.1 AIC 2 DPU 4 is fed to a similar MVSS 2.1.2 IS 5.1 RTOP 5 through the backup wireless channel 7.2, bus 5, port 2.2.3 and MAOD 2.1.1 APK module 2 IS 5.1 RTOP 5.

In MVSS 2.1.2 IS 5.1 RTOP 5, the spectra of analog signals sent from DPU 4 and calculated for RTOP 5 are compared.

The decision criterion for switching from the main wired communication line 6.2 to the backup wireless 7.2 IS 5.1 RTOP 5 is performed by comparing the spectra calculated for the main wired communication line 6.2 and the redundant wireless communication line 7.2 from the condition:

, где:

where:

- спектр сигнала

, от оборудования, рассчитанный на АПК 2 ДПУ 4 и переданный на ИС 5.1 РТОП 5, через резервный беспроводной канал 7 связи.

- signal spectrum

, from equipment, designed for APK 2 DPU 4 and transferred to IS 5.1 RTOP 5, through a backup wireless communication channel 7.

- спектр сигнала, рассчитанный на АПК 2 РТОП 5 после прохождения сигнала от оборудования через основную проводную линию аналоговой связи.

- the signal spectrum calculated for APK 2 RTOP 5 after the signal from the equipment has passed through the main analogue wire line.

FFT - Fast Fourier Transform Algorithm MVSS 2.1.2;

- коэффициент корреляции спектров

и

,

- correlation coefficient of the spectra

and

,

- порог корреляции, менее которого, сигналы считаются несовпадающими при обрыве, коротком замыкании или ухудшении характеристик линии 6.1- 6.2 аналоговой связи.

- the correlation threshold, less than which, the signals are considered mismatched in the event of a break, short circuit or deterioration of the characteristics of the analogue link 6.1- 6.2.

After each data packet arriving on the backup wireless 7.2 communication channel from DPU 4, the correlation coefficient of the spectrum of the signal transmitted in this data packet is calculated with the available set of signal spectra calculated on RTOP 5 after passing through the main wired communication line 6.2 (main channel) . If the calculated correlation coefficient is less than a predetermined threshold, the condition of switching the data stream from the main wired communication channel to the standby wireless one is met and the command "switch channel" to DPU 4 is sent.

The value of the correlation threshold can be changed via the Web interface within the established limits (not shown in the figures).

In certain cases (power outage, removing BSK 2.1), the analog signal from DPU 4 via cable 6.1 received in BC 2.2 is not transmitted to BSK 2.1, but is immediately transmitted via closed bus 3 of the 2.2.1 PM port to the analog wire line 6.1 -6.2 communication of CPU 4 with RTOP 5.

Stable continuous operation of the system, eliminating data loss, is provided by data buffers up to 200 milliseconds.

SAKK 2 allows you to work with PM channels both in 4-wire mode and in 2-wire mode.

For RS232 digital signals, the system operation algorithm is similar, with the exception that the signal flow is organized through ports 2.2.2 of RS232 BK 2.2, MIKP 2.1.3 MAOD 2.1.1. ADC and DAC are not involved, because the signal is already digital. In MIKP 2.1.3, instead of spectral correlation, a byte comparison of the pulse-code sequences of digital signals received over the main wired digital communication channel 6.2 and the backup wireless communication channel 7.2 is performed.

By default, it is assumed that the signal received via the backup wireless communication channel 7.1-7.2 is the reference. If the signal received via the main wired communication channel does not match the standard in the presence of network exchange between CPU 4 and RTOP 5, in MIKP 2.1.3 a decision is made to select a backup wireless communication channel 7.2, and at the same time a command is issued to switch to a backup wireless communication channel 7.1. When the signals coincide, the transition to the main wired communication channel is accepted 6.2. If packets on the redundant wireless communication channel 7.2 no longer arrive, the main wired communication channel 6.2 is selected.

To eliminate false alarms and data loss, data buffers of up to 200 milliseconds are provided.

Industrial applicability.

The invention was developed at the level of working documentation and a prototype SAKK 1 for a communication system for radio flight support. Experimental tests of SAKK in the Sheremetyevo ATC center showed the reliability and stability of communication, due to the exclusion of false positives, with the operational management and control of RTOP means in real time.

The industrial development of SAKK 1 is being prepared for an existing and promising communication system and data transfer management and control of RTOP funds.

Claims (6)

1. The system of automatic switching of channels (SAKK) of communication and control for radio-technical flight support, characterized in that it contains a block of automatic switches (AIC) of communication channels with a tuning module (MN) SAKK installed on the air traffic control center (DPU) , and one analogous AIC for each executive means (IS) at remote objects of radio technical flight support (RTOP), each APC DPU and the corresponding ATP RTOP are interconnected by a cable of analogue communication of tone frequency (PM-communication), by cable of digital communication and a backup communication radio link, each AIC contains a quality comparison unit (BSC) of the main wired and backup wireless communication channels connected through a block of commutators (BK) of communication channels to the connection buses of the corresponding communication channels, while the BSC is made with the possibility of evaluating the suitability for transmitting analog line data correlation spectra signals, and a digital communication line - by coincidence of the pulse-code sequences of digital signals passing through the corresponding main wired and redundant wireless communication channel, and contains interconnected interface lines of communication module adaptation and data exchange (MAOD) between the main wired and redundant wireless communication channels, a module for calculating and comparing spectra (MSSS) of analog signals of the main wired and backup wireless communication channels, a module for comparing pulse-code sequences (MICs) of digital signals of the main wired and backup wireless communication channels and a memory module for control programs (MPPU) of the conversion processes and adaptation of digital data of the main wired and backup wireless communication channels, and the BC contains analog interface ports, digital interface ports for exchanging with the corresponding connection buses of the main wired communication lines and a backup communication port port for bidirectional About the exchange of signaling information with a backup wireless communication channel. 2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the MPPU is made in the form of a removable SD card or Flash-memory, and its programs are executed in the Python programming language for the SM-A20 series microcomputers with the Linux operating system, the amount of the program source text is 9 Kb . 3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the BSK and BK are installed on separate boards and are interconnected by a 64-pin interface connector for bi-directional exchange and switching of received signals, the MAOD is made in the form of a microcomputer of the SM-A20 series and contains installed on the interface the interface card is a microcontroller, random access memory (RAM) and an Ethernet communication switching module (CC), connected via the backup communication channel port to the backup wireless communication bus connection buses. 4. The system according to p. 3, characterized in that the microcontroller is based on a microcomputer of the Allwinner A20 series. 5. The system according to p. 1, characterized in that the MVSS is made in the form of an STM32 microcontroller, with a built-in program for the fast Fourier transform (FFT) of the amplitude-time characteristics (AVX) of analog signals into amplitude-frequency characteristics (AFC) of their spectrum connected by the input through the block of analog-to-digital (ADC) and digital-to-analog converters (DAC) with an analog interface port with buses for connecting a wired analog communication channel, and at the output - with the MAOD microcontroller. 6. The system according to p. 1, characterized in that the MIKP is made in the form of an STM32 microcontroller equipped with a correlation program for byte-wise comparison of digital signals of the main wired and backup wireless communication channels and connected through the input via the digital interface port of the switch unit to the buses for connecting the digital communication wire channel , and the output is with the MAOD microcontroller.

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