RU194025U1 - Device for automatic switching of communication channels for radio flight support - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of radio engineering flight support. The automatic channel switching device (UACC) contains a unit 1 for comparing the quality of the main wired and backup wireless communication channels, connected through a block 2 of communication channel switches with the connection buses of the corresponding 3-5 communication channels. The implementation of block 1 quality comparison (BSK) of the main wired 3 and 4 and backup wireless 5 communication channels with the ability to assess the suitability for data transmission of the analog communication line 3 by correlation of the spectra of analog signals, and digital communication line 4 - by the coincidence of the pulse-code sequences of digital signals . Implementation of block 2 switches on relay switches with three types of interface ports for bidirectional exchange of signal information: port of the analogue tone frequency interface (TCH) for connecting a wired analog communication channel; RS232 digital interface port for connecting a wired digital communication channel; digital Ethernet port for connecting a wireless digital communication channel. The technical result is to improve the quality of the assessment of communication channel failures. 5 cp f-ly, 2 ill.

Description

The field of technology. The utility model relates to communication and data transmission systems requiring backup of communication channels, and specifically to automatic channel switching devices (UACC) for radio-technical flight support and air traffic control.

The level of technology. Known devices for automatic switching of communication channels / SU 1826136 from 1993.07.07, RU 2143788 from 12/27/1999, RU 190103 from 06/18/2019, RU 70432 from 01/20/2008, RU 2341046 from 12/10/2008 /.

The closest to the destination for radio flight support / RU 80261, RU 115951, RU 118092 / of the above technical solutions, the claimed utility model includes a device for automatic switching of communication channels / RU 2143788, 12/27/1999 /, selected as a prototype of the utility model .

The known device for automatic switching of communication channels / RU 2143788 / contains a unit for comparing the quality of the main and backup communication channels connected through a block of commutators of communication channels with the connection buses of the corresponding communication channels.

Moreover, each unit for comparing the quality of communication channels of each linear node of a multichannel communication system is configured to indirectly evaluate the quality of communication channels by analyzing the passage of control Boolean signals through the communication lines. For this, it contains a control signal receiver, a control unit, a control switch, a digital-to-analog converter, a register, a prohibition element, an additional OR element, and a comparison unit. In this case, the control signal receiver is made in the form of an analog-to-digital converter, and the block of commutators of communication channels with buses for connecting communication channels is made on relay elements with ports of the same type of digital communication.

A disadvantage of the known device / RU 2143788 / for automatic switching of communication channels is an indirect assessment of the operability of communication channels, which leads to a decrease in the quality of the assessment of communication channel failures, to a decrease in the likelihood of correct switching of communication channels to backup and vice versa, and, as a result, to a decrease in the reliability of communication and exchange data between the means of radio flight technical support.

The objective of the utility model is to improve the quality of the assessment of communication channel malfunctions by comparing the parameters of signaling information passing forward and backward through the main wired and backup wireless communication channels directly in the device for automatic switching of communication channels.

The technical result of the utility model is to increase the likelihood of a correct switch from the main wired communication channels to the backup wireless and vice versa in communication systems of radio flight support.

The essence of the utility model.

Achieving the claimed technical result and solving the problem is ensured by the fact that the automatic channel switching device (UAKK) for radio communications flight support is made in the form of a small-sized switch of communication channels, containing a unit for comparing the quality of the main wired and backup wireless communication channels, connected through a channel switch unit communication with the connection buses of the respective communication channels.

A new one according to the utility model is that the unit for comparing the quality of the main wired and backup wireless communication channels is made with the possibility of evaluating the suitability for transmitting data of an analog communication line by correlating signal spectra, and a digital communication line by matching pulse-code sequences of signals passing through the corresponding main wired and redundant wireless communication channels.

To do this, the unit for comparing the quality of the main wired and backup wireless communication channels contains interconnected interface lines of communication:

- a module for adaptation and data exchange between the main wired and backup wireless communication channels;

- a module for calculating and comparing the spectra of analog signals of the main wired and backup wireless communication channels;

- a module for comparing pulse-code sequences of digital signals of the main wired and backup wireless communication channels;

- a memory module for programs that control the conversion and adaptation of digital data of the main wired and backup wireless communication channels.

New to the switch unit is its implementation on relay switches with three types of interface ports for bidirectional exchange of signaling information, including:

- port of the analogue tone frequency interface (PM) for connecting a wired analogue communication channel;

- RS232 digital interface port for connecting a wired digital communication channel;

- Ethernet digital interface port for connecting a wireless digital communication channel.

Proof of the achievement of the claimed technical result due to the introduction of new features that are different from the prototype / RU 2143788 /.

The introduction of a module for adapting and exchanging data between the main wired and standby wireless communication channels, as well as a memory module for programs that control the conversion and adaptation of digital data of the main wired and standby wireless communication channels allow you to adapt and bring the information flows of data transmitted through the main wired communication channels to a single digital IP format for transmission over the backup wireless channel. Comparison of the spectra of analog signals, in turn, in the module 1.2 for calculating and comparing the spectra of analog signals of the main wired and backup wireless communication channels, allows you to determine the suitability for data transmission of analog channel 3 by correlation of the spectra of analog signals at the input and output end of communication channel 3 after arrival spectrum of the analog signal over the backup wireless channel 5 communication.

Providing the switchboard unit with 2 communication interface ports allows real-time bi-directional exchange of signaling information over the main wire and backup wireless communication channels and provides modules 1.2 and 1.3 with the ability to assess the suitability of the corresponding wire communication channels for data transmission by means of radio flight technical support.

Similarly, a comparison of the pulse-code sequences of digital signals allows the module 1.3 to compare the pulse-code sequences of digital signals of the main wired and backup wireless communication channels to determine the suitability of the main wired digital communication channel by the criterion for the coincidence of the pulse-code sequences of digital signals at the input and output ends of the wired digital communication channel 4 after the arrival of the pulse code sequence over the backup wireless channel 5 communication.

The indicated technical advantages of the utility model make it possible to improve the quality of the assessment of communication channel malfunctions, and to achieve the claimed technical result, which consists in increasing the likelihood of a correct switch from the main wired communication channels to the backup wireless and vice versa in communication systems for radio flight support.

As a result, an uninterrupted transmission of data on the air situation and control commands in communication systems for radio flight technical support is ensured.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated in FIG. one.

In FIG. 1 shows a functional diagram of a device for automatic channel switching (UAKK) communications for radio-technical flight support.

In FIG. 1 marked:

1 - unit for comparing the quality of the main wired and backup wireless communication channels (BSK);

- Adaptation and data exchange module (MAOD) between the main wired and backup wireless communication channels;

- microcontroller (MK) MAOD 1.1;

- random access memory (RAM) MAOD 1.1;

- switching module Ethernet communications (CS);

- a module for calculating and comparing spectra (MVSS) of analog signals at the input and output end of a wire analogue communication channel PM;

- a module for comparing pulse-code sequences (MICS) of digital signals at the input and output ends of a wired digital communication channel;

- memory module control programs (MPPU) the processes of conversion and adaptation of digital data of the main wired and backup wireless communication channels

2 - block switches (BC) communication channels:

2.1 - analog interface port for connecting a wired analog communication channel (PM);

2.2 - digital interface port for connecting a wired digital communication channel (RS232);

2.3 - port backup channel for connecting a backup wireless digital communication channel (Eth);

3 - buses connecting the main wire channel of analogue communication of tone frequency (PM):

3.1 - cable PM communication with the central point of flight control (CPU) 6;

3.2 - cable PM communication with the means of radio flight technical support (RTOP) 7;

4 - buses for connecting the main wired digital communication channel:

4.1 - digital communication cable with a central flight control center (CPU) 6;

4.2 - digital communication cable with radio flight support (RTOP) 7;

5 - buses for connecting a backup wireless channel of digital Ethernet communication:

5.1 - radio link backup communication with the CPU 6;

5.2 - backup link radio link with RTOP 7;

6 - the central point of flight control (CPU);

7 - means of radio technical support of flights (RTOP).

Disclosure of the invention.

According to FIG. 1 device for automatic switching of channels (UAKK) of communication for radio-technical flight support equipment, containing a digital unit 1 for quality comparison (BSK) of the main wired and backup wireless communication channels connected through a block of 2 switches (BC) of communication channels with connecting buses of corresponding 3-5 channels communication. Blocks BSK 1 and BK 2 are installed in a common building, and the bus connection channels 3-5 communication - on the outer surface of the hull UAKK.

Block 1 quality comparison (BSK) of the main wired 3 and 4 and backup wireless 5 communication channels is made with the possibility of evaluating the suitability for data transmission of the analog communication line 3 by correlation of the spectra of analog signals, and digital communication line 4 - by the coincidence of the pulse-code sequences of digital signals .

For this, BSK 1 contains interconnected interface lines of communication module 1.1 adaptation and data exchange (MAOD) between the main wired and backup wireless communication channels, module 1.2 calculation and comparison of the spectra (MVSS) of the analog signals of the main wired and backup wireless communication channels, module 1.3 comparison of pulse-code sequences (MIKP) of digital signals of the main wired and backup wireless communication channels and module 1.4 of the memory of control programs (MPPU) by conversion and adapt ation of digital data of the main wire and a backup wireless communication channels.

MAOD 1.1 BSK 1 is made in the form of a SM-A20 series microcomputer and contains a microcontroller (MK) 1.1.1, a random access memory (RAM) 1.1.2, and an Ethernet communication (КС) switching module 1.1.3 connected via an interface card port 2.3 of the backup communication channel with the backup wireless 5 communication channel.

MK 1.1.1 MAOD 1.1 is based on a microcomputer of the Allwinner A20 series.

MVSS 1.2 BSK 1 is made in the form of a STM32 microcontroller with a built-in program for fast Fourier transform (FFT) of the amplitude-time characteristics (AVX) of analog signals into amplitude-frequency characteristics (AFC) of their spectrum and a program for comparing the spectra of analog signals at the input and output ends of a wired analog communication channel tone frequency (PM). The microcontroller STM32 MVSS 1.2 is connected at the input through the block of analog-to-digital (ADC) and digital-to-analog converters (DAC) and port 2.1 of the analog interface with buses 3 for connecting the main wire channel of analog communication, and at the output, with MK 1.1.1 MAOD 1.1.

MIKP 1.3 BSK 1 is made in the form of an STM32 microcontroller equipped with a correlation program for byte-wise comparison of pulse-code sequences of digital signals at the input and output ends of the main wired digital communication channel via a backup wireless communication channel.

MPPU 1.4 BSK 1 is made in the form of a removable SD card or Flash-memory, and its programs are executed in the Python programming language for the SM-A20 series microcomputers with the Linux operating system, the volume of the program source text is 9 Kb.

BSK 1 is equipped with a 64-pin interface connector for bi-directional exchange and switching of received signals with a block of 2 switches (BC) 2 communication channels.

BC 2 is made with the possibility of two-way data exchange with CPU 6 and RTOP 7 three types of communication and contains:

- port 2.1 of the analog interface (PM) for connecting 3 main wired analog communication channels 3.1-3.2 to its buses;

- port 2.2 of the digital interface (RS232) for connecting 4 main wired digital communication channels 4.1-4.2 to its buses;

- port 2.3 of the backup communication channel for connecting its buses to 5 backup wireless digital channels 5.1-5.2 radio communications.

The operation of the device.

Device automatic switching channels (UAKK) communication works as follows.

Until the UAKK is turned on, the central flight control center (CPU) 6 is connected to the radio flight support equipment (RTOP) 7 using the cables of the main analog and digital communications via buses 3 and 4 of ports 2.1 and 2.2, respectively.

When the UAKK is turned on, the Allwinner-A20 1.1.1 MAOD 1.1 MK operating system starts loading and the STM32 microcontrollers are initialized in MVSS 1.2 and MIKP 1.3. STM32 microcontrollers in MVSS 1.2 and in MIKP 1.3 are initialized faster than the operating system MK 1.1.1 MAOD 1.1 has time to load.

Therefore, after initialization, the STM32 microcontrollers in MVSS 1.2 and MIKP 1.3 wait for a signal from MK 1.1.1 MAOD 1.1. After loading the operating system with MPPU 1.4, the main program MK 1.1.1 MAOD 1.1 begins to run and a signal is sent to all STM32 MVSS 1.2 and MIKP 1.3 controllers to start work. If there are incoming packets from MK 1.1.1 MAOD 1.1, MVSS 1.2 switches the relay of port 2.1 of BC 2. In this case, the analog communication line 3.1 from the CPU 6 equipment through the PM port (PM input / output for equipment) 2.1 is connected to the MVSS 1.2 input interfaces and the output interfaces of MVSS 1.2 are connected via the PM 2.1 port and bus 3 to the analog lines of the main wired communication 3.2 on RTOP 7.

The analog signal from the CPU 6 equipment received in MVSS 1.2 through the PM 2.1 port of the BC 2 is digitized in an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), its spectrum is compressed and calculated using the fast Fourier transform algorithm, after which the received signal goes simultaneously in two ways.

Way 1. The inverse digital-to-analogue conversion (DAC) of the CPU 6 signal to the amplitude-time characteristics of the analog signal is performed. In this case, the analog signal of CPU 6 is transmitted back to the BC 2 to the PM 2.1 interface and through the second bus 3 passes to the main wired communication line 3.2 leading to the RTOP 7. On RTOP 7, the analog signal of the CPU 6 is processed in a similar UACK, its spectrum is measured.

Way 2. The compressed signal along with its spectrum through MAO 1.1, port 2.3, bus 5 and the backup channel 5.2 UAKK CPU 6 is fed to the same MVSS 1.2 RTOP 7 through the backup wireless channel 5.2, bus 5, port 2.3 and the MAOOD module 1.1 UAKK RTOP 7 .

In MVSS 1.2 UAKK RTOP 7, the spectra of analog signals sent to CPU 6 and calculated for RTOP 7 are compared.

The decision criterion for switching from the main wired communication line 3.2 to the backup wireless 5.2 using RTOP 7 is performed by comparing the spectra calculated for the main wired communication line 3.2 and the backup wireless communication line 5.2 from the condition:

, где

where

– спектр сигнала

, от оборудования, рассчитанный на УАКК ЦПУ 6 и переданный на УАКК РТОП 7, через резервный беспроводной канал связи.

- signal spectrum

, from equipment, designed for UAKK CPU 6 and transmitted to UAKK RTOP 7, through a backup wireless communication channel.

– спектр сигнала, рассчитанный на УАКК РТОП 7 после прохождения сигнала от оборудования через основную проводную линию аналоговой связи.

- the signal spectrum calculated for UAKK RTOP 7 after the signal from the equipment passed through the main wire line of analog communication.

FFT - fast Fourier transform algorithm MVSS 1.2;

– коэффициент корреляции спектров

и

,

Is the correlation coefficient of the spectra

and

,

– порог корреляции, менее которого, сигналы считаются несовпадающими при обрыве, коротком замыкании или ухудшении характеристик линии 3.1- 3.2 аналоговой связи.

- the correlation threshold, less than which, the signals are considered mismatched when a break, short circuit or deterioration of the characteristics of the analogue link 3.1- 3.2.

After each data packet received via the backup wireless 5.2 channel from CPU 6, the correlation coefficient of the spectrum of the signal transmitted in this data packet is calculated with the available set of signal spectra calculated on RTOP 7 after passing through the main wired communication line 3.2 (main channel) . If the calculated correlation coefficient is less than a predetermined threshold, the condition of switching the data stream from the main wired communication channel to the backup wireless one is met and the command "switch channel" is sent to CPU 6.

The value of the correlation threshold can be changed via the Web interface within the established limits (not shown in the figures).

In certain cases (power outage, removing BSK 1), the analog signal from CPU 6 via cable 3.1 received by BC 2 is not transmitted to BSK 1, but is immediately transmitted through closed bus 3 of port 2.1 of the PM to the wire line 3.1 -3.2 of the analog communication of the CPU 6 s RTOP 7.

Stable continuous operation of the system, eliminating data loss, is provided by data buffers up to 200 milliseconds.

UAKK allows working with PM channels both in 4-wire mode and in 2-wire mode.

For RS232 digital signals, the algorithm of the system operation is similar, except for the passage of signals organized through ports 2.2 of RS232 BK 2, MIKP 1.3 MAOD 1.1. ADC and DAC are not involved, because the signal is already digital. In MIKP 1.3, instead of spectral correlation, a byte comparison of the pulse-code sequences of digital signals received over the main wired digital communication channel 4.2 and the backup wireless communication channel 5.2 is performed.

By default, it is assumed that the signal received via the backup wireless communication channel 5.1-5.2 is the reference. If the signal received via the main wired communication channel does not match the standard in the presence of network exchange between CPU 6 and RTOP 7, in MIKP 1.3 a decision is made to select a backup wireless communication channel 5.2, and at the same time a command is issued to switch to a backup wireless communication channel 5.1. When the signals coincide, the transition to the main wired communication channel 4.2 is accepted. If packets on the redundant wireless communication channel have stopped arriving, the main wired communication channel 4.2 is selected.

To eliminate false alarms and data loss, data buffers of up to 200 milliseconds are provided.

Industrial applicability.

The invention was developed at the level of working documentation and a prototype UAKK for a communication system for radio-technical flight support. The pilot tests of the UAKK showed the reliability and stability of communication, due to the elimination of false positives, with the operational management and control of the operation of RTOP means, in real time.

The industrial development of UAKK is being prepared for the existing and prospective communication systems and data transfer management and control of RTOP funds.

Claims (6)

1. Device for automatic switching of communication channels for radio flight support, containing a unit for comparing the quality of the main wired and backup wireless communication channels, connected through a block of commutators of communication channels with buses connecting the corresponding communication channels, characterized in that the unit for comparing the quality of the main wired and backup wireless communication channels is configured to assess the suitability for transmitting data of an analog communication line by correlation of the spectra of analog signals fishing, and a digital communication line - by the coincidence of the pulse-code sequences of digital signals passing through the corresponding main wired and backup wireless communication channels, and contains interconnected interface lines of communication module adaptation and data exchange between the main wired and backup wireless communication channels, module calculation and comparison of the spectra of analog signals of the main wired and backup wireless communication channels, a module for comparing pulse-code sequences of qi of the main signals of the main wired and backup wireless communication channels and a memory module for controlling the process of converting and adapting digital data of the main wired and backup wireless communication channels, and the switch unit contains analog interface ports, digital interface ports for exchanging with the corresponding connection buses of the main wired communication lines and port of the backup communication channel for bidirectional exchange of signaling information with the backup wireless communication channel. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the memory module of the programs for controlling the conversion and adaptation of digital data of the main wired and backup wireless communication channels is made in the form of a removable SD card or Flash-memory, and its programs are executed in the Python programming language for microcomputers SM-A20 series with Linux operating system, the volume of the source code of the program - 9 Kb. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the unit for comparing the quality of the main wired and backup wireless communication channels and the block of communication channel switches are installed on separate boards and interconnected with a 64-pin interface connector for bi-directional exchange and switching of received signals, an adaptation module and data exchange between the main wired and backup wireless communication channels is made in the form of a SM-A20 series microcomputer and contains a microcontroller installed on the interface interface card, operatively The second storage device (RAM) and the Ethernet communication switching module, connected via the backup communication channel port to the backup wireless communication channel connection buses. 4. The device according to p. 3, characterized in that the microcontroller is based on a microcomputer of the Allwinner A20 series. 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the module for calculating and comparing the spectra of analog signals of the main wired and backup wireless communication channels is made in the form of an STM32 microcontroller, with a built-in fast Fourier transform (FFT) program of amplitude-time characteristics (AVX) of analog signals to the amplitude-frequency characteristics (AFC) of their spectrum, connected at the input through a block of analog-to-digital (ADC) and digital-to-analog converters (DAC) with an analog interface port with wired connection cables analog communication, and on the output - with the microcontroller of the adaptation and data exchange module between wired and wireless communication channels. 6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the module for comparing pulse-code sequences of digital signals of the main wired and standby wireless communication channels is made in the form of an STM32 microcontroller equipped with a correlation program for byte-wise comparison of digital signals of the main wired and standby wireless communication channels and connected via to the input through the digital interface port of the switch unit with the buses for connecting the wired digital communication channel, and on the output - with the microcontroller of the adaptation module and exchange of data between the wired and wireless communication channels.

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