RU2721454C1 - Mechanism for automatic selection and gear shifting in mechanical gearbox - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: control devices; machine building.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to control devices of vehicle transmission. Mechanism for automatic selection and gear shifting in mechanical gearbox comprises housing (1) fixed on gearbox housing (2). In housing (1) there are gear selection rod (3) and gear shifting mechanism. On one end of gear selection rod (3) there is return spring (4), and on the other end of rod (3) there is gear selection device made in the form of cylinder (7), in which piston (8) and piston (9) are installed. Piston (8) is fixed on rod (3) rigidly, and piston (9) is installed with possibility of movement. Gearshift mechanism is composed of two-way piston (15) with cavities (16) and (17) for supply of working medium and return springs installed in housing (1). Gearshift mechanism is located perpendicular to selection rod (3) and is equipped with sensors (18). On rod (3) there is a movable switching lever (19) which interacts with double-sided piston (15) and is connected to rod (20) of gear shift located in gearbox housing (2).

EFFECT: technical result consists in increase in the number of gearshift stages and, as a result, in expansion of functional capabilities of mechanism of automatic selection and gear shifting in mechanical gearbox.

1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of transport engineering, and in particular to vehicle gearbox control devices.

Known actuator for automatic control of a mechanical gearbox of a vehicle, containing two opposing actuators with a common housing, with which the gear is selected. Two actuating gearshift mechanisms are mounted on the transmission housing, in which the gearshift lever is supported by a ball. The shift lever in the neutral position is held by two diametrically opposed spring-loaded bolts resting on the clamps installed in the gearbox housing. The spherical end of the shift lever interacts with the pistons of the actuators. In the neutral position of the shift lever, the solenoid valves are switched so that the pressure chambers of the actuators are connected to the tank of the hydraulic medium. When the shift lever is rotated counterclockwise, one of the solenoid valves switches in such a way that the hydraulic medium flows under pressure into the pressure chamber connected to it and, thus, pushes its piston out of the housing. The other solenoid valve does not switch, and when the shift lever is rotated by a moving piston, the opposing piston returns to the stop position. When the shift lever is rotated clockwise, the switching process occurs in the reverse order. To return the shift lever to the neutral position, both solenoid valves switch to the switch position, in which both pressure chambers are loaded with system pressure, while one of the mentioned bolts, pre-stressed by the corresponding spring, rotates the switch lever to the neutral position (US 5878622, IPC F16H 61 / 30, published on March 9, 1999).

A disadvantage of the known technical solution is the complexity of the design.

The closest to the claimed technical solution in terms of essential features is a mechanism for automated gear shifting in a mechanical speed gearbox, mounted on the gearbox body, containing the gearshift rod and the gear selection rod, pneumatic cavities mounted on the ends of the rods mounted with axes intersecting at right angles pistons closed at the ends by caps connected to the onboard pneumatic system, sensors for determining the position of the lever, each of the rods in the middle part is connected to a lever symmetrically positioned relative to the rods, and the lever on the gear selector rod is mounted movably, diaphragms are used as pistons, the selector rod has a groove in which the lever head is placed with the possibility of rotation at the required angle along the axis of the gearshift shaft, while at the ends of the rods that do not contain pneumatic cavities, return springs are fixed with thrust rings and flanges, and the sensors non-contact and have activators that rotate about their axis, which when lowering the kinematically connected movable pusher rollers into grooves made on the rods act on the sensors (RU 2192973, MPK V60K 20/00; B60K 20/02, publ. 11/20/2002).

A disadvantage of the known technical solution is the impossibility of its use in gearboxes having a number of gearshift stages of more than three.

The task to which the claimed technical solution is directed is to expand the functionality of the automatic selection and gear shifting mechanism in a mechanical gearbox.

The technical result consists in increasing the number of gearshift stages and is achieved due to the fact that in the automatic gear selection and gear shifting mechanism in a mechanical gearbox mounted on the gearbox housing and containing a gear selection rod, at one end of which there are gear selection devices, and on the other end is a return spring, a gearshift mechanism, a shift lever mounted movably on the gearshift rod and connected to the gearshift rod, sensors, the gearshift device are made in the form of two pistons installed in the cylinder, one of which is fixed to the gearshift rod motionlessly, and the other is installed with the possibility of movement, and the gearshift mechanism is made in the form of a double-sided piston located perpendicular to the gearshift shaft interacting with the gearshift lever and having sensors, while the gearshift rod is located in the gearbox housing.

The mechanism is equipped with a sensor control device.

The distinguishing features are that the gear selection device is made in the form of two pistons installed in the cylinder, one of which is fixed on the gear selection rod fixedly, and the other is mounted with the possibility of movement, and the gear shift mechanism is made in the form of a two-sided piston located perpendicular to the rod gear selection, interacting with the gearshift lever and having sensors, while the gearshift rod is located in the gearbox housing, increased the number of gearshift stages, and, as a result, expanded the functionality of the automatic gear selection and gearshift mechanism in a mechanical gearbox.

An analysis of the known technical solutions, carried out according to scientific, technical and patent documentation, showed that the set of essential features of the claimed technical solution is not known from the prior art, therefore, it meets the conditions of patentability of the invention: novelty and inventive step.

The claimed technical solution is illustrated by the drawings: FIG. 1 - the mechanism of automatic selection and gear shifting in a mechanical gearbox, in the context; FIG. 2 is a view A in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 - shows a diagram of the selection and gear shifting.

The mechanism for automatic selection and gear shifting in a mechanical gearbox includes a housing 1, mounted on the housing 2 of the gearbox (KP). In the housing 1, a gear selection rod 3 and a gear shift mechanism are installed.

At one end of the gear selection rod 3, a return spring 4 is mounted, fixed on the rod 3 by means of washers 5 and lock rings 6.

At the other end of the rod 3, a gear selection device is installed, made in the form of a cylinder 7, in which a piston 8 and a piston 9 are installed. The piston 8 is fixed to the rod 3 by means of the locking rings 10. The piston 9 is mounted on the rod 3 with the possibility of movement relative to the rod 3 and cylinder 7, and the rod 3 can freely move relative to the piston 9. The cavity of the cylinder 7 is closed by covers 11 and 12. Pistons 8 and 9 divide the cylinder 7 between the covers 11 and 12 into the cavities A, B and C, into which the working medium is supplied under pressure (air or liquid) moving the pistons 8 and 9 with the rod 3 in the selected direction, or the choice can be made by electromechanical action. At the end of the rod 3, a device 13 for controlling the sensors 14 for selecting the desired gear is installed.

The gearshift mechanism is made in the form of a double-sided piston 15 installed in the housing 1 with cavities 16 and 17 for supplying a working medium and with return springs. The gearshift mechanism is located perpendicular to the gear selection shaft 3 and is equipped with sensors 18 that provide a signal for supplying a working medium to the cavity 16 or 17.

The shift lever 19 is mounted on the rod 3, which interacts with the double-sided piston 15 and is connected to the gear shift rod 20 located in the gearbox housing 2. The shift lever 19 may be coupled to the shift rod 20 by means of gearing or a system of levers. The "neutral position" of the shift lever 19, depending on the number of gears and the gear selection scheme, may be different, depending on the algorithm selected by the designer. In the case under consideration, "Neutral position - the choice of the third - fourth gear."

The forks 21 are mounted on the stem 20, while the rod 20 is able to move freely in the forks 21. The forks 21 are arranged so that the rod 20 moves them only in one of the positions selected by the selection device by means of the piston 15 towards the selected gear.

Sensors 24 and 25, respectively, are installed on the input shaft 22 mounted on the gearbox housing 2 and the output shaft 23. Sensors 24 and 25 read information about the number of revolutions of the input 22 and output shaft 23, and also determine which mode of movement is carried out at each particular point in time - acceleration, steady-state movement or deceleration. After determining the driving mode, the sensor 24 provides a signal to the electronic control unit 26.

The operation of the mechanism for selecting and shifting gears in a mechanical gearbox is as follows.

When starting the vehicle (TS) from its place, the first gear is selected by means of a sensor 14, which supplies a signal for supplying a working medium to the corresponding cavity (A or B or C) of the gear selection device and, after selecting a gear, a signal is sent by means of a sensor 18 to supply a working medium into the cavity 16 or 17 of the piston 15 for engaging the first or second gear. When the vehicle accelerates, the sensor 25 reads the revolutions of the output shaft 23, and the sensor 24 reads the revolutions of the input shaft 22 increased to the required value, after which the next gear is selected and activated.

For example, at the beginning of the vehicle’s movement, the shift lever 19 and the gear selection rod 20 are set to the “neutral position - third to fourth gear selection” position. To select the “first - second” gear position, it is necessary to apply a working medium in cavities A and C, after which a working medium is supplied in the piston cavity 15: into the cavity 17 to activate the first gear, and into the cavity 16 to activate the second gear. After the vehicle accelerates, the second gear is turned off and the gear selection device sets the lever 19 and the rod 20 to the “neutral position”, then the working medium is supplied to the cavity 17 and the third gear is engaged. Upon reaching the required speed of the input shaft 22 for reliable acceleration, the fourth gear is engaged by supplying the working medium to the cavity 16. The acceleration is continued, therefore, the speed of the input shaft 22 and output shaft 23, read by the sensors 24 and 25, is increased by a signal from the sensors 24 and 25 to disengage the fourth gear and set the lever 19 and the rod 20 to the “neutral position”. At this time, the working medium is supplied into the cavities A and B and the lever 19 is moved to the “fifth-sixth gear selection” position, after which the working medium is fed into the cavity 17 and the fifth gear is engaged. With continued acceleration, the sensors 24 and 25 will give a signal to turn off the fifth gear and the sensor 18 will give a signal to supply the working fluid to the piston cavity 16 and the sixth gear will turn on.

Thus, six gears are switched during acceleration. In the case of a slowdown, for example, to rise, switching occurs in the reverse order. When reducing the speed of the input shaft 22, the sensors 24 and 25 will signal the inclusion of a lower gear in the gearbox. The selection of gears will occur similarly to the choice during acceleration, only in the reverse order.

Reverse is switched on as follows: after a signal from one of the sensors 14, the working medium enters the cavity C. After selecting the transmission, a signal is supplied to supply the working medium to the cavity 16. As a result, the rod 20 together with the plug 21 are moved and engage with the reverse gear 27 and the reverse gear is engaged.

The claimed technical solution allows to expand the functionality of the automatic selection and gear shifting mechanism in a mechanical gearbox.

The claimed technical solution meets the requirement of industrial applicability and is possible for implementation on standard processing equipment.

Claims (2)

1. The mechanism of automatic selection and gear shifting in a mechanical gearbox, mounted on the gearbox housing and containing a gear selector rod, at one end of which there is a gear selector, and at the other end - a return spring, gear shift mechanism, gear lever mounted movably on the gearshift rod and connected to the gearshift rod, sensors, characterized in that the gearshift device is made in the form of two pistons installed in the cylinder, one of which is fixed to the gearshift rod fixedly, and the other is mounted with the ability to move, and the gearshift mechanism made in the form of a two-sided piston located perpendicular to the gear selection shaft, interacting with the gear lever and having sensors, while the gear shift rod is located in the gearbox housing. 2. The mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a sensor control device.

Images