RU2719803C1 - Method of creating hazard maps/fields for oil and/or gas deposits, hazardous production facilities of well stock oil and gas production complex by wells in conservation and/or liquidation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: oil, gas and coke-chemical industries.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to industrial safety of hazardous production facilities, determined during registration in state register of hazardous production facilities and maintaining a register of hazardous production facilities - Wells Stock, more specifically to a method of creating hazard maps/fields for oil and/or gas deposits, hazardous production facilities of Wells Stock Oil and Gas Production Complex for wells in conservation and/or liquidation. Method comprises collecting information on a criterion, in particular on the year of construction of well, state of well, appointment of well, accumulated oil extraction, daily production of oil or gas, daily production of liquid, water cut of well, gas factor, presence of gas caps, presence of permafrost zones, general characteristics of the formation, presence of griffins, availability of reliable base of measurements of intercolumn pressures, availability of reliable base for detection of casing circulation and inter-formation flows, content of sulfur or sulfur dioxide from existing electronic databases of paper carriers or results of field survey and/or measurements carried out in wells or well survey reports, recording of collected information into an electronic database, ranging of wells, according to the following criteria, entered in the database: the year of well construction, condition of well, well assignment, accumulated oil extraction, daily oil or gas production, daily production of liquid, water-cut, gas factor for oil wells, presence/absence of gas caps, presence/absence of permafrost, general characteristics of formation, presence of griffins, presence/absence of reliable base of measurements of inter-column pressures, presence/absence of reliable base for detection of casing circulation and inter-zone flows, content of sulfur, in particular, sulphurous hydrogen in production of wells, determination of mean score values (M) for each criterion (M) of impact on degree of danger of well in current state, from 0 to 10, at which higher score indicates higher level of negative impact of this criterion Mon design factors and based on obtained average score values calculation of operational hazard level factor by mathematical formula, determination of mean score values (P) according to qualification criteria of operating production personnel (P), directly performing operations for control of current state of wells, being in conservation and/or liquidation and based on the obtained average score grades calculating skill level coefficient of personnel by mathematical formula, determining a correction factor (K) in range of 0.1 to 1, taking into account the degree of possible negligence during operations for monitoring the current state of well stock in conservation and/or liquidation, determination of fund hazard factor for each well, by mathematical formula and construction of hazard maps/fields based on data base on location of wellheads, which are in conservation and/or eliminated and received hazard ratios for each well, by using corresponding computer systems with software product and implemented in them algorithms of data interpolation, at that, based on the derived risk factors of the stock (K), which are in range from 0 to 100, the condition of the well hazard is determined proceeding from the fact that the lower the hazard factor, the less dangerous is the state of the well and vice versa.EFFECT: high accuracy of assessing the hazard of oil and gas producing facilities, high level of industrial safety of hazardous production facilities of oil and gas production complex.1 cl, 4 tbl, 8 dwg

Description

A method of creating hazard maps / fields for oil and / or gas fields, hazardous production facilities of the Well Fund oil and gas production complex for wells that are in conservation and / or liquidation

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to the field of ensuring industrial safety of hazardous production facilities (hereinafter - OPO), determined during registration in the state register of hazardous production facilities and maintaining a register of hazardous production facilities - Well stock, more specifically, to a method for creating hazard maps / fields for oil fields and / or gas, hazardous production facilities of the Well Fund oil and gas production complex for wells that are in conservation and / or liquidation.

The field of technology for the application of the proposed method is mainly the mining segment of the oil and gas industry of the Russian Federation.

State of the art

Currently, there are a large number of methods for constructing various types of maps designed to assess various conditions.

In the prior art, there is a known method for constructing vulnerability maps of coastal marine areas from oil, oil products and other chemicals based on calculations with metric values (patent RU 2648005) related to the field of environmental protection, namely the assessment of the most vulnerable objects in coastal marine zones and their individual sections (environmentally sensitive areas, socio-economic facilities, specially protected natural areas) in order to protect these sites / facilities when planning liquidation operations, it is possible x spills of oil (OSR plans), as well as during such operations themselves.

Also known in the prior art is a method of constructing a map of exogenous geological processes of an area along the route of a main oil pipeline (patent RU 2591875) related to the field of obtaining topographic information about the topography of the earth's surface and objects located on it using aerial photographs and laser scanning data from the aircraft, in particular, to monitoring sections of the route of the main oil pipeline (MP) of the above-ground and underground laying with difficult geological conditions for the detection and tracking of sections of the route with signs of exogenous geological processes (EGP) and the fixing of their borders, including beyond the track MN and hidden by vegetation.

The inventive method is intended directly for the engineering personnel of the oil and gas company. Potential users of the final product — hazard maps / fields — from the engineer of the oil and / or gas production department to the head of the industrial safety service, the chief engineer and the head of the oil and gas producing organization (enterprise, company, holding). In other words, direct users of the proposed method can be oil and gas producing companies exploiting oil and / or gas fields, which have a stock of wells in a state of conservation and / or liquidation.

The tools currently available in the arsenal of engineers for oil and gas companies for analytical assessments and the formation of relevant production plans, programs to improve industrial safety at specific areas of the fields in operation, are a rather fragmented array of information in electronic databases and on paper in the form of reports, tabular data, graphs, maps of the current state of development.

The proposed method allows you to bring together information from various sources characterizing the "life cycle" of the well from the moment of completion of its construction (drilling) to the conclusion directly to the state of conservation and / or liquidation in accordance with safety rules, and graphically present a calendar display of the current calendar time (reporting period) of the “picture” of the danger of the well stock being in conservation and / or eliminated.

The applicant does not have information about the complete analogy of the proposed method for constructing maps / “hazard” fields. In part, as analogues, known ranking methods are used, as well as a method of assigning scores, which are widely used in various industries and described in various sources.

The largest oil and gas fields in Russia are characterized by rather significant indicators in terms of the number of wells that are being shut down, abandoned, and also in the state of the so-called waiting for liquidation. For example, at the unique Samotlor field, which has been in active operation since 1969 (dimensions ~ 20 × 40 km), the total drilled pool is about 19,000 wells, of which about 1,000 wells are being preserved, and more than 3,000 wells have been abandoned. On the Talinskaya area of the Krasnoleninsky field, which has been under development since 1981 (dimensions — about 140 km in length and 5–13 km in width) with a drilled fund of about 5400 wells, about 800 wells are in conservation, more than 900 wells have been liquidated.

At the same time, in the Russian oil and gas sector there are small fields and reserves of raw materials with a rather small number of drilled wells (less than 50), a significant part of which was liquidated immediately after drilling or during the operation of the field.

Obviously, fields with a significant total number of drilled wells and a large number of wells that are being put on hold and / or liquidated, as well as fields with an existing well stock many times less than liquidated, pose a less threat from the standpoint of risk analysis of accidents than deposits with fully utilized ( Kisp. = 0.9) and exploited (Kekspl. = 0.95) well stock, evenly distributed over the area in accordance with the design density of the grid.

Disclosure of Invention

The objective of the claimed invention is to develop a method of creating maps / fields of “danger” for oil and / or gas fields, hazardous production facilities of the Well Fund oil and gas production complex for wells that are in conservation and / or liquidation, which will increase the level of information support for management and engineering -technical personnel of an oil and gas producing organization.

The technical result of the claimed invention is to improve the accuracy of hazard assessment of oil and gas production facilities (OPO “Well Fund”), increase the level of industrial safety of hazardous production facilities of the oil and gas production complex (OPO “Well Fund”).

The most effective result of the procedure is the determination of the “hazard” coefficients (set of indicators) for wells that are in conservation or abandoned, and this can be an array of information in any form convenient for the end user (variations are limited only by organizational and technical

the capabilities of equipping one or another user), can be successfully applied in solving problems of the current risk analysis (assessment), namely, the engineering and technical personnel of an enterprise operating an oil (gas) field have the opportunity to have a “verified” (taking into account the most a wide range of influence factors) the “picture” with the identification of “weaknesses” from the point of view of industrial safety of the Well Fund, as a whole.

Accordingly, having at the disposal of a very detailed and detailed “master plan” of the field’s territory, the adoption of timely and urgently needed, top-priority decisions and measures in terms of ensuring industrial safety of the Well Fund, becomes a task for the responsible persons of the operating organization, the solution of which is based on deep and versatile analysis of the available geological and technical information on the well stock.

In addition to solving the tasks of the current risk analysis (assessment), data arrays for ranked wells can be used to solve issues of long-term planning of activities aimed at increasing the level of security of the production facilities against the occurrence of threats of incidents and accidents.

In addition, the received hazard maps / fields for oil and / or gas fields, hazardous production facilities of the Well Fund oil and gas production complex for wells that are in conservation and / or liquidation can be used for various environmental purposes.

Achieving the claimed technical result is ensured by the method of creating maps / “hazard” fields for oil and / or gas fields, hazardous production facilities of the Well Fund oil and gas production complex for wells that are in conservation and / or liquidation, including

- collection of information on the criteria, in particular, on the year of construction or drilling of the well, the condition of the well, purpose of the well, cumulative oil and gas production, daily oil and gas production, water cut in the well, gas factor, the presence of gas caps, the presence of permafrost zones, the general characteristics of the formation, the presence of griffins, the presence of a reliable base for measuring annular pressures, the presence of a reliable base for identifying annular circulation and interstratal flows, the content of sulfur or hydrogen sulfide, and existing electronic databases whether paper-based or results of field surveys and / or measurements, carried out in boreholes or wells of research reports;

- entering the collected information into an electronic database;

- ranking of wells, according to the following criteria entered into the database: year of construction of the well, condition of the well, purpose of the well, cumulative oil production, daily oil or gas production, daily fluid production, water cut, gas factor for oil wells, presence / absence of gas caps , the presence / absence of permafrost zones, the general characteristic of the formation, the presence of griffins, the presence / absence of a reliable base for measuring annular pressures, the presence / absence of a reliable base for identifying an annular compass uu and cross-flows, sulfur content, in particular hydrogen sulfide in the production wells;

- determination of average point estimates (Mi-j) for each criterion (Mi) of influence on the hazard degree of the well in the current state, from 0 to 10, at which a higher score indicates an increase in the negative impact of this criterion Mi on the calculated indicators and on based on the obtained average scores, the calculation of the coefficient of the level of operational hazard according to the formula:

где

Where

Mi - average values of scores by criteria, N - quantitative selection of scores;

- determination of average scores (Pi-j) according to the qualification criteria of service personnel (Pi), directly carrying out operations to monitor the current state of wells that are in conservation and / or liquidation and based on the obtained average scores, calculate the personnel skill level coefficient for the formula:

где

Where

Pi - average scores according to the qualification criteria of the operating production personnel, N - quantitative selection of scores;

- determination of the correction factor (Kx) in the range from 0.1 to 1, taking into account the degree of possible negligence when conducting operations to monitor the current state of the stock of wells that are in conservation and / or liquidation;

- determination of the hazard coefficient of the fund for each well, according to the formula:

и

and

- construction of hazard maps / fields on the basis of a database on the placement of wellheads that are in conservation and / or eliminated and derived hazard coefficients for each well, using appropriate computer systems with a software product and data interpolation algorithms implemented in them,

at the same time, according to the obtained values of the hazard coefficients of the foundation (Kof), which are in the range from 0 to 100, the state of the hazard of the well is determined based on the fact that the lower the hazard coefficient (Kof), the less dangerous the state of the well and vice versa. Brief Description of the Drawings

In FIG. 1, 1a, 1b, 1c schematically shows the location of the wells (their mouths) drilled in the N-th field.

In FIG. 1a shows a central deposit schematically;

In FIG. 1b - schematically shows the Western deposit;

In FIG. 1c - schematically shows the Eastern deposit;

In FIG. 2, 2a, 2b, 2c shows the layout of the wells schematically shown in FIG. 1, with the received “danger” factors of the fund;

In FIG. 2a - schematically shows the Central deposit;

In FIG. 2b - schematically shows the Western deposit;

In FIG. 2c - schematically shows the Eastern deposit.

The implementation of the invention

The solution to the above problem and the achievement of the claimed technical result is realized due to the invention, which is generally disclosed in the presented Figures 1 and 2.

The method is a sequential set (algorithm) of engineering actions of personnel with the appropriate qualifications, by the definition of "hazard factors" for each particular well, which is in a state of conservation and / or liquidation, which is an integral part of the hazardous production facility "Well Fund" of each particular oil field and / or gas.

At the first stage, the ranking of wells that are in conservation and / or abandoned according to the approach described below is carried out.

Ranking is a methodological process of creating a structured data array for the distribution (taking into account the characteristic criteria - see below) of wells that are in conservation and / or liquidation at a field operated by a particular subsoil user (licensed area).

For the purposes of the most efficient accounting of each liquidated or mothballed (in accordance with the requirements of the regulatory document, Safety Rules in the Oil and Gas Industry: Federal Norms and Rules in the Industrial Safety Region. - 3rd ed., Revised and additional - Ser 08. - Issue 19. - M .: CJSC STC PB, 2018. - 314 p.) Wells in the general assessment of the impact of risk factors for accidents it is proposed to distribute (rank) the wells of these categories (conditions) according to the following criteria:

- the year of construction (drilling) of the well is the most important criterion for assessing the hazard in this vein. According to various estimates, which take place in a wide circle of specialists in the field of oil and gas field development, the life of the well is 40-50 years, depending on various external factors. If this period is exceeded, the well can definitely be considered potentially dangerous both for the purposes of further operation and in the state of conservation and / or liquidation. Cases of using wells exceeding the "age" of 50 years for the Russian oil and gas industry, unfortunately, are not uncommon, but regular and everyday routine for a number of regions and producing organizations. Information about the year of construction is entered into a database from which this information can be further extracted. For this criterion, an additional factor in assessing the impact is the simultaneous completion of construction (drilling) of the well and its commissioning (production). If there is a time gap between the date of completion of construction (drilling) of the well and the date of commissioning (production), additional attention should be paid to this circumstance. Information on the year of construction of the wells is taken from the electronic databases generated at the enterprise, the owner of the well, and in the absence of such data, from paper sources (business of the well) with further recording of these data into the electronic database;

- condition (cons., liqu., oil. etc.) - a criterion that determines the current physical condition of the well and characterizes the measures for conservation and (or) liquidation implemented at the well in accordance with regulatory requirements and documentation (draft) for preservation and / or liquidation (filling a well with a solution, cementing a wellbore, installing a concrete pedestal at the mouth, deepening the mouth, etc.). Information on this criterion is collected using electronic databases generated at the enterprise, the owner of the well, and in the absence of such data, from paper sources (well business, production card, monthly operational report - hereinafter referred to as the MED), as well as the actual results of the field survey wells, with further recording of these data in an electronic database;

- purpose (production / injection) - a criterion characterizing the strength and reliability of the well design (the number of casing strings, the height of the cement behind the strings, the presence of lift pipes, packers, etc.), as well as the operating conditions of each particular well. Information on this criterion is collected using electronic databases generated at the enterprise, the owner of the well, and in the absence of such data, from paper sources (well business, production card, MED), with further recording of this information in an electronic database;

- accumulated oil selection (for producing, as well as transferred for injection from producing) - a criterion that indicates that the well has fulfilled its design purpose (achievement of design selection), as well as indirectly characterizing the state (including energy) of the underground reservoir (reservoir) in area of the well. Information on this criterion is collected using electronic databases generated at the enterprise, the owner of the well, and in the absence of such data, from paper sources (production cards of wells, MED), with further recording of these data in an electronic database;

- flow rate (daily production) of oil (gas) is a criterion that directly determines the amount of hazardous substance in circulation at the well and directly indicates the degree of hazard of the well. Information on this criterion is collected using electronic databases generated at the enterprise, the owner of the well, and in the absence of such data, from paper sources (production cards of wells, MED), with further recording of these data in an electronic database;

- flow rate (daily production) of fluid - a criterion that additionally determines the amount of hazardous substance in circulation at the well and indicating the degree of hazard of the well. Information on this criterion is collected using electronic databases generated at the enterprise, the owner of the well, and in the absence of such data, from paper sources (production cards of wells, MED), with further recording of these data in an electronic database;

- water cut - a criterion indicating the degree of reduction of the hazard of the well, due to a decrease in the amount of hazardous substance in circulation at the well. Information on this criterion is collected using electronic databases generated at the enterprise, the owner of the well, and in the absence of such data, from paper sources (production cards of wells, MED), with further recording of these data in an electronic database;

- gas factor (oil wells) - a criterion that directly determines the hazard indicator of an oil well exploiting productive deposits containing oil with gas dissolved in it (associated gas). Information on this criterion is collected using electronic databases generated at the enterprise, the owner of the well, and in the absence of such data, from paper sources (production well cards), with further recording of these data into the electronic database;

- the presence (absence) of gas caps (free gas) is a criterion that takes into account the effect of “breakthrough” gas (gas of gas caps and gas from gas deposits, especially in the case of contact zones of gas-saturated and oil-saturated parts of productive deposits) on well performance. Information on this criterion is collected using reports on geological exploration of the license area (field), reports on the calculation of hydrocarbon reserves, design and technological documentation for the development of the field (trial operation project, development flow sheet, development project), with further recording of this information in electronic database;

- the presence (absence) of permafrost zones - an important criterion that determines the features of construction (drilling) of a well and the stability of a cased and cemented wellbore, affecting the overall strength of the well’s structure and its safety both in operating conditions and in the state of conservation and (or) liquidation. Information on this criterion is collected using reports on geological exploration of the license area (field), reports on the calculation of hydrocarbon reserves, design and technological documentation for the development of the field (trial operation project, development flow sheet, development project), with further recording of this information in electronic database;

- general characteristics of the reservoir (depth, permeability / oil saturated thickness ratio, reservoir pressure) - a criterion characterizing the most important parameters of the reservoir and determining well performance in the complex. Information on this criterion is collected using reports on geological exploration of the license area (field), reports on the calculation of hydrocarbon reserves, design and technological documentation for the development of the field (trial operation project, development flow sheet, development project), with further recording of this information in electronic database;

- the presence of griffins - a criterion characterizing an indicator of the danger of occurrence and (or) cases of gas escaping to the day surface, as well as a determining indicator of the strength and reliability of a well design. This criterion is closely related to the issues of construction (drilling) quality, with the "age" of the well, the frequency of inspection of the technical condition of the well casing. Information on this criterion is collected using the results of well operation and their constant monitoring provided by the enterprise, the owner of the well, in accordance with regulatory requirements, and in the absence of results of well operation and their constant monitoring, based on actual results of a field survey of the well, with further recording information data to an electronic database;

- the presence / absence of a reliable base for measuring annular pressures (MCD) is an important criterion that determines the operational indicators of tightness, reliability and safety of a well, strength characteristics of a well design; Revealed during periodic inspection of the technical condition of the production casing the facts of displacement, crushing, leakage of the casing. Information on this criterion is collected using the results of measurements of the MCD provided by the enterprise, the owner of the well and carried out at a certain frequency, as well as a periodic survey of the technical condition of the wells provided by the enterprise, the owner of the well, in accordance with regulatory requirements, with further recording of this information in electronic a database;

- the presence / absence of a reliable basis for the identification of annular circulation and inter-reservoir flows (MPP) - along with the previous (MKD), an important criterion that determines the operational indicators of tightness, reliability and safety of the well; the facts of inter-reservoir flows and annular circulation of formation fluids revealed by periodic inspection of the technical condition of the production casing, the supply of “foreign” water, etc. Information on this criterion is collected using the results of a periodic survey of the technical condition of the wells and determination of the inflow (injectivity) profile provided by the enterprise, the owner of the well, in accordance with regulatory requirements, with the further recording of these data in an electronic database data;

- sulfur / hydrogen sulphide content in well production is an extremely important criterion that determines the hazard class of a well and the Well Fund as a whole. Information on this criterion is collected using the results of laboratory determination of the physicochemical properties of formation fluids and gases, as well as using data from reports on the calculation of hydrocarbon reserves, design and technological documentation for field development (trial operation project, development development flow chart, development design ), with further recording of these data in an electronic database.

Information about a particular indicator can be collected from published or unpublished databases, satellite images.

Based on the collected information, an electronic database is formed.

The next step is the determination of a number of parameters for the further implementation of the procedure for the formation of maps (fields) of "danger".

1. The determination of point estimates (M _ij ) for a particular criterion (M _i ) of influence (see description of the criteria above) on the degree of hazard of the well in the current state is carried out. A higher score (hereinafter referred to as the score) indicates an increase in the level of negative influence of this criterion M _i on the calculated indicators in the further implementation of the calculation scheme.

According to the criterion M ₁ - “year of construction (drilling) of the well” - a score from 0 to 10 is assigned, while the following “age” of the wells is taken into account:

M _1-1 - from 0 to 5 years - score 1;

M _1-2 - from 5 to 10 years - score 3;

M _1-3 - from 10 to 20 years - score 5;

M _1-4 - from 20 to 40 years old - score 9;

M _1-5 - from 40 years and above - score 10.

The average score for the criterion M ₁ is determined by the formula (1):

M _1-i - values of point estimates, N - quantitative selection of point estimates.

According to criterion M ₂ - “condition (cons., Liqu., Oil. Etc.)” - a score from 0 to 10 is assigned, while the actual implementation of safety measures at the well is taken into account (filling the well with buffer solution, cementing the barrel, installing a concrete pedestal at the mouth, deepening the mouth, etc.) in accordance with applicable norms and rules, as well as design decisions for conservation and / or liquidation documentation.

M _2-1 - “liquidation” - corresponds to the project and the requirements of the standards - score 3;

M _2-2 - “liquidation” - does not comply with the project and the requirements of the standards - score 9;

M _2-3 - "conservation" - corresponds to the project and the requirements of the standards - score 7;

M _2-4 - "conservation" - does not meet the project and the requirements of the standards - score 9;

M _2-5 - other categories b / d (ozh. Liquor., Piezo., Obs., Etc.) - score 7.

The average score for the criterion M ₂ is determined by the formula (2):

M _2-i - values of point estimates, N - quantitative selection of point estimates.

According to the criterion M ₃ - “purpose (mining / injection)”, a score from 0 to 10 is assigned, while taking into account

M _3-1 - mining - score 10;

M _3-2 - injection in development for oil - score 5;

M _3-3 - injection - score 2.

The average score for the criterion M ₃ is determined by the formula (3):

M _3-i - values of point estimates, N - quantitative selection of point estimates.

According to the criterion M ₄ - “cumulative oil production (for producing, as well as transferred for injection from producing)” - a score from 0 to 10 is assigned, while the mass volume of oil production (in surface conditions) from the start of operation of the well in gradation :

M _4-1 - less than 0.1 to 1000 tons - point 1;

M _4-2 - from 1000 to 10000 - score 3;

M _4-3 - from 10,000 to 100,000 - score 5;

M _4-4 - from 100,000 to 1,000,000 - score 8;

M _4-5 - more than 1,000,000 - point 10.

The average score for the criterion M ₄ is determined by the formula (4):

M _4-i - values of scores, N - quantitative selection of scores.

According to the criterion M ₅ - “flow rate (daily production) of oil (gas)” - a score from 0 to 10 is assigned, while the mass volume (in surface conditions) of daily production of oil (gas) in gradation is taken into account:

M _5-1 - less than 0.1 to 10 tons (thousand m ³ ) - point 1;

M _5-2 - from 10 to 100 tons (thousand m ³ ) - score 4;

M _5-3 - from 100 to 500 tons (thousand m ³ ) - score 7;

M _5-4 - from 500 to 1000 tons (thousand m ³ ) - score 9;

M _5-5 - more than 1000 tons (thousand m ³ ) - point 10.

The average score for the criterion M ₅ is determined by the formula (5):

M _5-i - values of scores, N - quantitative selection of scores.

According to the criterion M ₆ - “flow rate (daily production) of liquid” - a score from 0 to 10 is assigned, while the mass volume (under surface conditions) of daily fluid production in gradation is taken into account:

M _6-1 - less than 0.1 to 10 tons - point 1;

M _6-2 - from 10 to 100 tons - score 4;

M _6-3 - from 100 to 500 tons - score 7;

M _6-4 - from 500 to 1000 tons - score 9;

M _6-5 - more than 1000 tons - score 10.

The average score according to the criterion M ₆ is determined by the formula (6):

M _6-i - values of point estimates, N - quantitative selection of point estimates.

According to the criterion M ₇ - “water cut” - a score from 0 to 10 is assigned, while the proportion of water content (weight) in the production of the well in gradation is taken into account:

M _7-1 - from 0 to 5% - score 9;

M _7-2 - from 5 to 30% - score 7;

M _7-3 - from 30 to 50% tons - score 5;

M _7-4 - from 50 to 90% tons - score 4;

M _7-5 - more than 90% - score 2;

M _7-6 - lack of inflow (collector) - score 0;

The average score according to the criterion M ₇ is determined by the formula (7):

M _7-i - values of scores, N - quantitative selection of scores.

According to the criterion M ₈ - “gas factor (oil wells)” - a score from 0 to 10 is assigned, while taking into account the proportion of dissolved gas in the production of oil wells in gradations:

M _8-1 - less than 5 to 10 m ³ / t - point 1;

M _8-2 - from 10 to 50 m ³ / t - score 2;

M _8-3 - from 50 to 200 m ³ / t - score 4

M _8-4 - from 200 to 1000 m ³ / t - score 8

M _8-5 - more than 1000 m ³ / t - score 10.

The average score according to the criterion M ₈ is determined by the formula (8):

M _8-i - values of scores, N - quantitative selection of scores.

According to the criterion M ₉ - “presence (absence) of gas caps (free gas)” - a score from 0 to 10 is assigned, taking into account the presence / absence in the drainage zone of the gas well of gas caps, or zones of contact reserves of oil and free gas in gradations:

M _9-1 - zones are present throughout the well drainage zone —point 10;

M _9-2 - the zones are distributed along the part (50%) of the well drainage zone - score 5;

M _9-3 - there are no zones in the well drainage zone - score 1.

The average score according to the criterion M ₉ is determined by the formula (9):

M _9-i - values of point estimates, N - quantitative selection of point estimates.

According to the criterion M ₁₀ - “the presence (absence) of permafrost zones” - a score of 0 to 10 is assigned, taking into account the presence / absence of permafrost distribution zones over the deposit area in gradation:

M _10-1 - zones are present over the entire area of the field - score 10

M _10-2 - zones are distributed over part of the area (75%) of the field - score 7

M _10-3 - zones are distributed over part of the area (50%) of the field - score 5

M _10-4 - zones are distributed over part of the area (25%) of the field - score 2

M _10-5 - zones are absent over the entire area of the field - score 1

The average score for the Mu criterion is determined by the formula (10):

M _10-i - values of point estimates, N - quantitative selection of point estimates.

According to the criterion M ₁₁ - "the general characteristic of the reservoir (depth, the ratio of permeability / productive oil / gas saturated thickness (k / h), reservoir pressure)" - assigned a score from 0 to 10, while taking into account the main characteristics of the productivity of the reservoir system in gradation *:

M _11-1 - depth of 1000 m, the ratio (k / h) to 1 (m ^2/10 m), low reservoir pressure (less than 10-15% of the hydrostatic values) - 1 point;

M _11-2 - depth 1000 to 2500 m, the ratio (k / h) from 1 to 100 (m ^2/10 m), the reservoir pressure at the hydrostatic value -ball 5;

M _11-2 - depth of more than 2500 m, the ratio (k / h) of more than 100 (m ^2/10 m), the reservoir pressure above hydrostatic values (including the presence of zones of anomalously high reservoir pressures (AVPD)) - score 9.

* according to this criterion, taking into account the specifics of each specific oil and / or gas field, individual assignment of scores is possible.

The average score according to the criterion M ₁₁ is determined by the formula (11):

M _11-i - values of scores, N - quantitative selection of scores.

According to the criterion M ₁₂ - “the presence of griffins” - a score from 0 to 10 is assigned, while taking into account the presence / absence of manifestations of formation gas coming to the surface along the wellbore (in radius) of the well in gradation:

M _12-1 - griffins absent. in full - point 1;

M _12-2 - the presence of a griffin with a single elimination of it - score 7;

M _12-3 - the presence of a griffin with its repeated elimination - score 10.

The average score for the criterion M ₁₂ is determined by the formula (12):

M _12-i - values of scores, N - quantitative selection of scores.

According to the criterion M ₁₃ - “the presence (absence) of a reliable intercolumn pressure measurement base (MKD)” - a score from 0 to 10 is assigned, the order, correctness and timeliness of updating the database for intercolumn pressure measurements in wells in gradation is taken into account:

M _13-1 - database available and continuous monitoring - score 1;

M _13-2 - the database is available with a confidence of the order of 0.7 - score 2;

M _13-3 - the database is available with a confidence of the order of 0.5 - score 5;

M _13-4 - the database is available with a confidence of the order of 0.2 - score 7;

M _13-5 - no database - score 10.

The average score according to the criterion M ₁₃ is determined by the formula (13):

M _13-i - values of point estimates, N - quantitative selection of point estimates.

According to the criterion M ₁₄ - “the presence (absence) of a reliable base for the detection of annular circulation and inter-reservoir flows (MPP)” - a score of 0 to 10 is assigned, while taking into account the order, correctness and timeliness of updating the database for determining annular circulation and inter-reservoir flows in wells in gradation:

M _14-1 - database available and ongoing monitoring - score 1;

M _14-2 - the database is available with a confidence of 0.7 - score 2;

M _14-3 - the database is available with a confidence of 0.5 - score 5;

M _14-4 - the database is available with a confidence of 0.2 - point 7;

M _14-5 - no database - score 10.

The average score according to the criterion M ₁₄ is determined by the formula (14):

M _14-i - values of scores, N - quantitative selection of scores.

According to criterion M ₁₅ - “sulfur content (hydrogen sulfide) in the production of wells” - a score from 0 to 10 is assigned, while the percentage of sulfur in the production of the producing well in gradation is taken into account:

M _15-1 - from 0 to 1% - point 1;

M _15-2 - from 1 to 6% - score 5;

M _15-3 - from 6% and above - score 10.

The average score for the criterion M ₁₅ is determined by the formula (15):

M _15-i - values of scores, N - quantitative selection of scores.

According to the results of determining the average scores according to the criteria M _i , the coefficient of the operational hazard level is calculated by the formula (16):

where M _i - average values of scores according to the criteria M ₁ -M ₁₅ , N - quantitative selection of scores.

2. Next, using the system, point scores (P _ij ) are determined according to the qualification criteria of the operating production personnel (P _i ), which directly conducts operations to monitor the current state of wells that are in conservation and / or liquidation.

According to the criterion P ₁ - “the number of operators” - a score from 0 to 10 is assigned, taking into account the number of oil and / or gas production operators in the production team in the gradation:

P _1-1 - from 1 to 3 people - point 9;

P _1-2 - from 3 to 5 people - score 7;

P _1-3 - from 5 to 7 people - score 3;

R _1-4 - from 7 to 10 people - point 1;

R _1-5 - more than 10 people - score 0.

The average score according to the Pi criterion is determined by the formula (17):

P _1-i - values of scores, N - quantitative selection of scores.

According to the criterion Р ₂ - “the number of locksmiths” - a score from 0 to 10 is assigned, while the number of locksmiths in the team in the gradation is taken into account:

P _2-1 - from 1 to 3 people - point 9;

P _2-2 - from 3 to 5 people - score 7;

P _2-3 - from 5 to 7 people - score 3;

P _2-4 - from 7 to 10 people - point 1;

P _2-5 - more than 10 people - score 0.

The average score according to the criterion P ₂ is determined by the formula (18):

P _2-i - values of scores, N - quantitative selection of scores.

According to the criterion P ₃ - “personnel qualifications in terms of categories” - a score from 0 to 10 is assigned, while the number of operators and locksmiths in the team with the assigned qualification rank in the gradation is taken into account:

P _3-1 - 2nd category - score 10;

P _3-2 - 3rd category - score 7;

P _3-3 - 4th category - score 5;

P _3-4 - 5th category - score 1;

P _3-5 - 6th category - score 0.

The average score according to the criterion P ₃ is determined by the formula (19):

P _3-i - values of scores, N - quantitative selection of scores.

According to the criterion Р ₄ - “personnel qualification according to work experience” - a score from 0 to 10 is assigned, while the number of operators and locksmiths in a team with experience in gradation is taken into account:

P _4-1 - less than 1 year - score 10;

P _4-2 - from 1 to 3 years - score 7;

P _4-3 - from 3 to 10 years - score 4;

P _4-4 - from 10 to 20 years - score 2;

P _4-5 - from 20 years or more - score 0.

The average score according to the criterion P ₄ is determined by the formula (20):

P _4-i - values of scores, N - quantitative selection of scores.

Based on the results of determining the average scores according to the Pi criteria, the coefficient of the qualification level of the personnel is calculated by the formula:

where P _i are the average values of the scores according to the criteria P ₁ -P ₄ , N is a quantitative sample of scores.

3. After determining the main coefficients, the system determines the correction factor (K _x ), which takes into account the degree of possible (unacceptable, but often tolerated; probable) negligence when conducting operations to monitor the current state of the well stock that are being mothballed and / or liquidated.

This correction factor, in its present purpose, cannot be described by any statistical methods and is determined solely on the basis of a multivariate analysis of the impact of the “human factor” indicator, taking into account the degree of responsible / irresponsible approach to implementation, personnel available at a particular site of analysis, responsibilities for monitoring the current state of the stock of wells in conservation and / or liquidation.

The mentioned multivariate analysis is carried out by an official (group of persons) in parallel with the well ranking procedure described above. Moreover, the circle of officials for conducting this analysis is determined exclusively individually for each specific case. The most significant official involved in the analysis is the foreman of the oil and / or gas production team, as well as the leading (senior) engineer of the oil and / or gas production workshop (site). In the event that, for conducting the indicated analysis, the knowledge base of the master in oil and / or gas production, together with the leading (senior) engineer of the workshop (section) for oil and / or gas production, on the professional skills and capabilities of production personnel (production and locksmith operators ) serving a particular site of work is insufficient due to, for example, a small amount of time spent working at that particular site; other persons with the ability to assess the level of responsibility of the service are involved in the analysis staff.

The results of the analysis are entered by the system into an electronic database.

This indicator (K _x ) is introduced into the calculation scheme with a view to the most objective, maximally reflecting the true picture of assessing the level of responsibility / irresponsibility of personnel "on the ground". It is important to note that the higher the degree of objectivity in assessing the responsibility / irresponsibility of workers (production operators) performing operations to monitor the current state of abandoned and abandoned wells, the more adequate and valuable the final visual result. Taking this coefficient into account allows senior, engineering and technical personnel of the oil and gas producing company to gain an understanding of the situation regarding the degree of responsibility / irresponsibility in monitoring wells of “unproductive” categories (conservation and / or liquidation), which must be carried out without fail the volume and at the required time to ensure industrial safety of the OPO Well Fund, in particular, its parts — wells that are in conservation and / or liquidation.

The correction factor (K _x ) is estimated in the range from 0.1 to 1 (without assigning characteristic formulations to each of the values), and the assumption of values below 0.1 is not excluded, only if this actually corresponds to a completely objective assessment of this indicator .

4. Based on the information received, the system determines the hazard coefficient of the foundation for each well, calculated by the algorithm:

To _op - the coefficient of the level of operational hazard, determined by the formula (16) - according to the hazard criteria M ₁ -M ₁₅ ;

To _p - the personnel coefficient, determined by the formula (23):

To _sq - the coefficient of the level of qualification of personnel, determined by the formula (21) - according to the criteria for qualification of staff P ₁ -P ₄ ;

K _x is a correction factor that takes into account the degree of possible (unacceptable, but often tolerated; probable) negligence during operations to monitor the current state of the stock of wells that are in conservation and / or eliminated and determined on the basis of multivariate analysis (see above).

At the final stage, using data on the placement of wellheads (the coordinates of the mouths — the coordinate base, most often stored in electronic form, is access restricted information available to each specific subsoil user) that are in conservation and / or eliminated, as well as received hazard coefficients for each well, through the use of appropriate software products and the data interpolation algorithms implemented in them, graphical mapping is performed (p Olya) danger. The resulting graphic map may be superimposed on the area of the geographical map.

Moreover, according to the obtained values of the “danger” factors of the fund (K _of ) in the range from 0 to 100, the following differentiation is accepted according to the indicators of “danger” (K _of ) of the fund:

- from 0 to 10 (inclusive) - the danger state tends to the ideal;

- from 10 to 20 (inclusive) - state of low danger;

- from 20 to 30 (inclusive) - a state of moderate danger;

- from 30 to 50 (inclusive) - a state of increased danger;

- from 50 to 70 (inclusive) - a state of high danger;

- from 70 to 90 (inclusive) - a state of extremely high danger;

from 90 to 100 (inclusive) - a state of catastrophic danger.

The method of creating “hazard” maps / fields for oil and / or gas fields, hazardous production facilities of the Well Fund oil and gas production complex for wells that are in conservation and / or liquidation, can be carried out using a computer system. A computer system may contain various hardware components, including one or more single-core multicore processors, a solid-state drive, RAM, a monitor interface, and an information input / output interface. Communication between the various components of a computer system can be accomplished using one or more internal and / or external buses (for example, PCI bus, universal serial bus, IEEE 1394 high-speed bus, SCSI bus, Serial ATA bus, and so on), with which various electronic devices are connected hardware components. The monitor interface can be connected to a monitor (for example, via an HDMI cable), visible to the user, the input / output interface can be connected to a touch screen, keyboard (for example, via a USB cable) and a mouse (for example, via a USB cable), both the keyboard and mouse are used by the user.

In FIG. 1 schematically shows the general arrangement of wells (their mouths) drilled in the N-th field. FIG. 1a, 1b, 1c show fragments of the overall picture of the location of the wells.

The general situation is described by the following data:

- the size of the productive area of the field is 4 × 2 km;

- total number of drilled wells - 21;

- the number of wells abandoned (liquids) immediately after drilling (for geological reasons) - 14;

- the number of wells in anticipation of liquidation (ozh. liquor.) - 1;

- the number of wells in a state of conservation (cons.) - 0;

- the number of exploited production wells - 6.

The situation regarding the liquidated wells fund and the well awaiting liquidation is described by the following data:

- wells were drilled in 1989;

- at the mouth of 14 wells (liquids) there is a concrete pedestal structure 1.0 × 1.0 × 1.0 m in size with a benchmark and an information table in accordance with the requirements of the standards;

- there is no structure at the mouth of one well (oil spill) - a concrete pedestal 1.0 × 1.0 × 1.0 m in size with a benchmark and an information table in accordance with the requirements of the standards;

- the wells were liquidated for geological reasons, as they revealed the zone of lack of reservoirs;

- for design purposes, all wells were drilled as producing;

- since the wells were liquidated immediately after drilling, hydrocarbon production (oil, gas) was not recorded;

- gas factor is 9.5 m ³ / t;

- free gas, gas gas caps in productive sediments are absent;

- there are no permafrost zones in the field;

- the oil-bearing layer lies at a depth of 1200 meters, the ratio of the permeability parameter to the oil-saturated thickness is 50, the reservoir pressure is 12 MPa (at the hydrostatic level);

- griffins are completely absent;

- A database of intercolumn pressure measurements has been maintained since 1989 in the mode of constant replenishment with the values of current measurements;

- a database for the identification of annular circulation and cross-flow flows is maintained (100% for production wells, as well as for wells awaiting liquidation) since 1989 in the mode of continuous replenishment with the results of current studies;

- sulfur content (hydrogen sulfide) in the production of wells -0.01%;

- the well stock is discussed by one team, which includes five oil and gas production operators and two locksmiths;

- two production operators have the 5th category, three production operators have the 4th category, locksmiths have the 3rd category;

- Three production operators have been working in the team from 11 to 17 years old, two production operators have been working in the team for 4 years and 9 years, locksmiths have been working in the team for three years.

An example of the results of the wells ranking procedure, determination of scores, determination of “hazard” coefficients, and, ultimately, an array of information for the wells of the N-th field that are being mothballed or abandoned are given below (see Table 1).

It should be noted that the value of the coefficient K _op is the same for all wells (with the exception of one), since the liquidated well stock of the N-th field is characterized by completely identical indicators of operational danger (liquidated immediately after drilling). An increased value of the hazard coefficient for well No. 121 was obtained due to the fact that measures to equip the wellhead, which is in a state of waiting for liquidation, were not completed (there is no concrete pedestal).

An example of the result of determining the coefficient of skill level of personnel discussing the stock of wells of the N-th field, which are being mothballed or abandoned, is given below (see Table 2).

It should be noted that the value of the coefficient K _sq is the same for all wells, since the entire well stock of the N-th field is discussed by one team.

Correction factor (K _x ), taking into account the degree of possible (unacceptable, but often tolerated; probable) negligence when conducting operations to monitor the current state of the stock of wells of the N-th field, which are being preserved and / or liquidated and determined on the basis of multivariate analysis, is accepted 0 , 1 under the assumption that facts of negligent attitude to the performance by staff of their duties are extremely rare.

An example of the result of calculating the personnel coefficient (K _p ) for the discussed well stock (according to formula 23) is given below (see table. 3)

It should be noted that the value of the coefficient K _p is the same for all wells, since the entire well stock of the N-th field is discussed by one team.

An example of the result of calculating the “hazard” coefficient of the fund (K _of ) wells of the N-th field, which are in conservation or eliminated, is given below (see table. 4). In this case, to determine the values of _of for each well, formula 22 is used.

It should be noted that the value of the coefficient K _of is the same for all wells (with the exception of one), since the liquidated well stock of the N-th field is characterized by completely identical indicators of operational danger (liquidated immediately after drilling). An increased value of the hazard coefficient for well No. 121 was obtained due to the fact that measures to equip the wellhead, which is in a state of waiting for liquidation, were not completed (there is no concrete pedestal).

The final result of the calculation procedures for determining the “hazard” parameters of the well stock of the N-th field, which are being mothballed or abandoned, is the construction of a hazard map / field using specialized software (eg SURFER).

The obtained result can be represented in the form of the initially available well location scheme with the application of the obtained “hazard” coefficients of the foundation (see Fig. 2, 2a, 2b, 2c).

On the example of consideration of the obtained scheme of wells at the N-th field, which are inactive due to liquidation and waiting for liquidation, we can conclude that the picture (background) of the hazard of wells of these categories can be generally described as a “low-risk state”.

It should be noted that in each particular case, the obtained well stock hazard coefficients may very well fall outside the differentiation range from 0 to 100. In such exceptional cases, the minimum value of the foundation “hazard” coefficient should be taken as an associated reference point (hazard level) ( To _of ) with a parallel assessment of the level of danger according to the current criteria of a specific situation.

Claims (15)

A method for creating hazard maps / fields for oil and / or gas fields, hazardous production facilities of the Well Fund oil and gas production complex for wells that are in conservation and / or liquidation, including - collection of information on the criteria, in particular, on the year of construction of the well, condition of the well, purpose of the well, accumulated oil production, daily production of oil or gas, daily production of liquid, water cut of the well, gas factor, the presence of gas caps, the presence of permafrost zones, general characteristics reservoir, the presence of griffins, the presence of a reliable base for measuring annular pressures, the presence of a reliable base for identifying annular circulation and interstratal flows, the content of sulfur or hydrogen sulfide from existing their electronic databases whether paper media or field survey results and / or measurements taken in wells or well survey reports; - entering the collected information into an electronic database; - ranking of wells, according to the following criteria entered into the database: year of construction of the well, condition of the well, purpose of the well, cumulative oil production, daily oil or gas production, daily fluid production, water cut, gas factor for oil wells, presence / absence of gas caps , the presence / absence of permafrost zones, the general characteristic of the formation, the presence of griffins, the presence / absence of a reliable base for measuring annular pressures, the presence / absence of a reliable base for identifying an annular compass uu and cross-flows, sulfur content, in particular hydrogen sulfide in the production wells; - determination of average point estimates (M _ij ) for each criterion (Mi) of influence on the hazard degree of the well in the current state, from 0 to 10, at which a higher score indicates an increase in the level of negative impact of this criterion M _i on the calculated indicators and based on the obtained average scores, the calculation of the coefficient of the level of operational hazard by the formula:

Where M _i - average values of scores by criteria, N - quantitative selection of scores; - determination of average scores (Pi-j) according to the qualification criteria of service personnel (Pi), directly carrying out operations to monitor the current state of wells that are in conservation and / or liquidation and based on the obtained average scores, calculate the personnel skill level coefficient for the formula:

Where P _i - average values of scores according to the qualification criteria of the operating production personnel, N - quantitative selection of scores; - determination of the correction factor (K _x ) in the range from 0.1 to 1, taking into account the degree of possible negligence when conducting operations to monitor the current state of the stock of wells in conservation and / or liquidation; - determination of the hazard coefficient of the fund for each well, according to the formula:

and - construction of hazard maps / fields on the basis of a database on the placement of wellheads that are in conservation and / or eliminated and derived hazard coefficients for each well, using appropriate computer systems with a software product and data interpolation algorithms implemented in them, at the same time, according to the obtained values of the hazard coefficients of the foundation (K _of ), which are in the range from 0 to 100, the hazard state of the well is determined based on the fact that the lower the hazard coefficient, the less dangerous the state of the well and vice versa.

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