RU2685005C1 - Method and computer system for designing location of cluster sites in deposits - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to the field of designing and developing deposits, including hydrocarbon deposits. According to the method, areas of possible location of collar of well of the projected wells are determined relative to their faces on the basis of initial data including coordinates of boreholes and technical constraints on well design. Boreholes are ranked by the number of intersections of the area of possible location of the collar of each well with areas of possible location of collar of well of other wells - from the worst, characterized by the least number of intersections, to the best, characterized by the greatest number of intersections. For boreholes with a rank provided with an equal number of intersections, they are additionally ranked by the total area of intersections from the least to the largest. Forming a primary design of location of cluster sites by merging groups of wells into cluster sites based on the results of ranging of boreholes. First cluster site includes a well with the worst ranking rank, as well as wells, areas of possible location of mouths of which cross area of possible location of collar of well with worst rank. Each next cluster pad is formed similarly from wells with ranged faces that are not included in previously formed cluster sites. Values of the target value for each cluster site are determined. Optimized previously formed design of arrangement of cluster sites using cyclic repetition of successive steps of global and local optimizations to achieve a predetermined parameter of convergence of calculation results of arrangement of cluster sites. Design of location of formed cluster sites with coordinates of collars of well and centres of cluster sites and assigned values of target index based on optimization results is displayed on topographic map. Method operations involve the method of unconditional optimization of a function of several variables.EFFECT: technical result is higher efficiency of arrangement of cluster wells.12 cl, 14 dwg

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to integrated systems and methods for the design and development of deposits, including hydrocarbon. The claimed invention is intended to solve the problem of determining the optimal number of cluster sites, their design location, incl. taking into account the minimization of the cost of drilling, construction and arrangement of well pads.

The level of technology

Various technical solutions are known in the art, in varying degrees concerning the design of individual well clusters or the optimization of a single well.

Thus, for example, patent US 6549879 “Determination of optimal well location from a 3D reservoir model” (“Determining optimal location”) owned by Mobil Oil Corporation is known.

The invention of this patent relates, in general, to methods of minimizing the cost of extracting oil from underground reservoirs. More specifically, the invention relates to determining the optimal placement of wells in a three-dimensional model of an underground reservoir. The patent discloses a two-stage method for determining the location of wells using a 3D model of the reservoir, taking into account the following limitations: minimum / maximum distance between wells, angular coefficients of inclined wells, well length, optimization of well trajectories taking into account porosity, permeability, oil saturation and layer thickness. At the first stage, the wells are placed in the vertical design position. At the second stage, the specified design position is optimized with the possibility of horizontal and horizontal inclined wells, as well as taking into account the above limitations. The claimed method is implemented as software modules. Well location parameters are generated by standard methods for analyzing and interpreting seismic, geological, and petrophysical data.

However, this technical solution is aimed at solving the problem of optimal wiring of a separate well in the reservoir (opening of the reservoir) and does not provide for the possibility of tying the wells to be held in the cluster, and, moreover, does not provide the possibility of forming cluster sites.

It is also known technical solution disclosed in patent US 7460957 "Geometric optimization of the trajectory of groups of wells" ("Geometrical optimization of multi-well trajectories"), Schlumberger Technology Corporation. The invention relates to a method, system and device for the automatic design of the trajectories of a group of wells, and, more specifically, to determine the optimal design of the location of the wells by minimizing the costly component. The technical solution is aimed at obtaining an extensive structure of a variant of the project development of cluster platforms (sites). The optimization system includes an automated well trajectory module that provides a trajectory with a constant curvature (using the minimum curvature method). In addition, this module takes into account the tortuosity (curvature) of a well and minimizes the degree of difficulty in conducting a particular well by searching for alternative geometric solutions for wells that do not meet the preferred curvature conditions for individual segments. At each optimization step, the user can adjust constraints for well clusters. This allows for improved control over the result of the optimization.

However, this technical solution solves a rather narrow task of designing the trajectories of a group of wells, united in one well pad, and does not provide the possibility of assessing the optimality of attributing a particular well to a single well pad. The degree of optimality in accordance with this decision is based only on the calculation of the curvature of the wellbore. Also known solution does not allow to determine the optimal direction of movement of the machine on the cluster pad.

The prior art technical solutions, similar in essence to the claimed, implemented in some software systems designed for the design of fields. As such software systems are known: product DSD (Design Space Desktop) from LANDMARK GRAPHICS CORPORATION, Well Path (Maurer), Drilling Office (Schlumberger), WellPlan (Halliburton), etc. (https://www.landmark.solutions/ Portals / 0 / LMSDocs / Datasheets / WellPlan_Software_DATASHEET_A4.pdf).

Among the Russian sources of information, there is a known solution presented in the publication “Design and optimization of well trajectories of a field, Authors: Nesterova T.N. (LLC Petrovayzer), Pozdeev I.A. (Petroviser LLC), http://www.petroviser.ru/articles/a17/, which describes an integrated approach to designing well trajectories and creating a field deposit field layout that combines traditional design methods based on a given development grid and optimization for basis of possible trajectories from each geological target. Illustrated examples of optimization of well clusters using Petroviser software are given. This solution is embodied in the “PadCourses” Design and Control of Cluster Drilling software package, which is designed to design trajectories of directional, horizontal and multilateral wells, determine the order of drilling wells in the cluster, and optimize the direction of movement of the machine. The complex can be installed both on the drilling site and in the technological services of drilling organizations.

These software products also solve individual tasks for the formation of a well cluster, but do not provide the possibility of solving the problem of optimal depositing of the field as a whole.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed technical solution is the solution presented in the thesis abstract for the degree of candidate of technical sciences "Improving the methods of designing hives and well profiles in fields with complex development schemes" Scientific Library of Dissertations and Abstracts, 2007, A. Kharlamov . (http://www.dissercat.com/content/sovershenstvovanie-metodiki-proektirovaniya-kustov-i-profilei-skvazhin-na-mestorozhdeniyakh-, pp. 58-66 of the publication). This publication discloses a method for designing bushes and well profiles, including:

1. Formation of a package of initial data, including a development scheme, a map — a scheme of oro-hydrography of a locality, boundaries of nature protection zones, a field drilling sequence, a type of wells, a well assignment (injection, production, etc.), downhole coordinates, a drilling priority according to years , TTO (technical and technological limitations).

2. Determination of the number of cluster sites (KP) and their location in the first approximation. For which, for each face of the well, allowable areas (DL) are formed for locating cluster pads on the field, the drilling of which is carried out within the framework of technical and technological limitations (TTO); identify areas of intersection for several faces, followed by their search across the faces (for example, by drilling years, etc.), and for the current face choose an area to accommodate its mouth according to the criterion of the greatest number of wells possible to drill from one KP along with current face. At subsequent iterations, in the directional iteration for the current one, the face is taken that was not included in the previous valid area.

3. Determination of the geographical location of the current KP and fixation of a set of wells that can be drilled from this KP, while the pool of wells defined for drilling from the intersection area is represented by two groups:

- obligatory for drilling from a manual located in this area;

- assignments from the conditions of preference to bind to this region or another region obtained at subsequent iterations.

4. Determining the sequence of drilling wells with the current KP from the areas of intersection of many wells that are possible simultaneously for drilling from the current KP and neighboring KPs. At the same time, indicators of neighboring bushes are analyzed (number of wells, waste, complexity of well profiling), preventing significant deterioration of indicators of the well cluster.

5. Sequential design of neighboring bushes, the wells of which were common to the neighboring bush under consideration and the former current one, carried out after the formation of a set of wells of the current bush.

6. Adjustment of the location of KP for a set of distributed wells, if it is possible to improve the performance of the well cluster, taking into account the length of the KP, the definition of VAT (the direction of movement of the machine) and the distribution of the mouths.

The known method has common features with the object of study: the execution of a reverse design sequence with the construction of a map of the possible location of the wellheads relative to the faces; bottomhole rankings with the formation of the rating required for the further bottomhole grouping into groups corresponding to well clusters; iterative approach to the ranking of faces; determination of the well stock identified for drilling from one well pad; sequential design of neighboring bushes; optimization of the location of cluster sites on the basis of TTO.

However, the known solution has certain disadvantages. So, for example, the method does not provide for the possibility of iterative optimization of the design of the casting, that is, the set of cluster sites, built with regard to the source data, which is a set of constraints, does not undergo changes with further field design and is considered the final version. Therefore, the optimality of the obtained thus casting is put by the authors of the invention into question.

DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION

The technical problem solved by the claimed invention is the need to overcome the drawbacks inherent in the analogues and the prototype, by solving the problem of optimal placement of cluster sites, taking into account both geoparameters and the economic component, including the cost of drilling wells, construction and surface arrangement of cluster sites.

The technical result achieved when using the claimed invention is to provide the processing of heterogeneous data relating to geological parameters, topographic data, geophysical values and economic indicators, which allows you to create the optimal design of the placement of cluster sites due to the ranking of faces as primary data. In addition, the claimed invention allows to increase system performance when solving the task, as well as to increase the volume and variability of the data being processed in comparison with the known analogues (ie, it allows processing data with obtaining a result (product) in less time). In addition, data processing in accordance with the claimed method requires a smaller amount of computer time and resources to obtain a result, including RAM. In addition, the change in the physical state of the processing units associated with the addition of a new functional provides an opportunity to run the system fewer times to get a result, therefore, to save energy consumed by this system. In addition, the use of separate independent units of the system (through the use of a functional that provides a sample of a huge array of external databases and processing according to a certain algorithm using targets) also reduces the likelihood of an error affecting a more accurate and reliable result.

In addition, the technical result is including, in ensuring

- the possibility of building an active model for locating cluster sites with reference to cluster sites by coordinates to a topographic map,

- the possibility of optimizing the placement of KP and reducing the time spent on the determination of such optimal placement,

- the possibility of operational changes in the project when the input data changes,

- the ability to connect and disconnect additional settlement units, allowing optimization of placement of cluster sites using additional external data.

At the same time, KP is understood to mean that the optimal location of a project for locating well sites, for example, the total depth of wells, the number of well sites, drilling costs, etc.

The task is solved by the fact that the claimed method of designing the optimal placement of cluster sites on the field, includes the following steps:

A. Determination of the area of possible placement of the projected wellheads of the field relative to their bottom-holes based on the initial data, including the coordinates of the bottom-holes and technical limitations on the well design

B. Ranking of bottom holes by the number of intersections of the area of possible placement of the wellhead of each well with areas of possible placement of other wells - from the worst, characterized by the smallest number of intersections, to the best, characterized by the largest number of intersections, while for the bottom of a rank provided with an equal number of intersections, they are additionally ranked by the total area of intersections from the smallest to the largest;

C. Formation of a primary project for locating cluster pads by combining groups of wells into cluster pads based on the results of the bottomhole ranking, while the first cluster pad includes the well with the worst ranking rank, as well as wells whose areas of possible mouths intersect the area of possible mouths wells with the worst rank, with each subsequent well pad being formed in a similar way from wells with ranked faces that were not previously formed TED pads;

D. Determining the value of the target for each cluster site;

F. Optimization of the project for locating cluster sites formed at stage C using cyclic repetition of sequentially performed global and local optimization steps until a predetermined convergence parameter is reached for the results of calculations of placement of cluster sites.

for what

- at global optimization for each optimized well, determine the possibility of assigning it to another cluster site by enumerating all the cluster sites formed at stage C and calculating the target indicator for each cluster pad taking into account the optimized well and, upon receiving the corresponding value of the target indicator smaller than stage D, the optimized well is assigned to the cluster pad, relative to which the lowest value is set;

- when local optimization for each cluster pad determines the possibility of changing the initial position of the center of each cluster pad with determining its coordinates, for which they perform a sequential displacement of the center of the cluster pad in mutually perpendicular directions on the plane with the calculation of the target indicator, and upon receipt of the corresponding value of the target indicator smaller, than the initial, determined in stage D, new coordinates are assigned to the center of the cluster pad, for which ovleno is the smallest value;

G. Display on the topographic map of the project for locating formed cluster pads with the coordinates of wellheads and pivot centers and assigned values of the target indicator based on the results of the optimization carried out at stage F.

As a target indicator, the value of the total depth of penetration of all wells (MD) of each cluster pad or the total costs of well drilling, construction and construction for each cluster pad (CAPAChburene) can be used. Other targets may be used. The choice of the target is the initial parameter for the calculation.

Local optimization is performed using the Nedler-Mead algorithm, while sequential displacement of the center of the cluster in four mutually perpendicular directions is performed in increments of 10 to 500 m. As a predetermined parameter of convergence of the results of calculations of placement of cluster platforms the number of cluster sites on the field.

Additionally, at stage F a qualitative risk assessment of the intersection of the wells can be carried out, for which

- determine the zone of uncertainty of the position of each well belonging to the corresponding well site, by calculating the radius of uncertainty of the wellbore, which is chosen in the range of 1.5-3% from MD, determined for each point of the axis of the wellbore;

- for each pair of neighboring wells determine the minimum distance between their trunks;

- calculate the design coefficient of divergence of uncertainty zones as the ratio of the minimum distance between the trunks of two neighboring wells to the sum of the radii of uncertainty of the neighboring wells, calculated for the points of the axes of the wells, relative to which the minimum distance is determined;

- compare the design ratio of the discrepancy with the set and the excess of the design coefficient over the set is judged on the risk of crossing wells.

Also, a qualitative assessment of the risk of crossing an existing well with the projected well of a separate well site can be carried out, while

- determine the zone of uncertainty of the position of the projected well, by calculating the radius of uncertainty of the wellbore, which is chosen in the range of 1.5-3% of MD, determined for each point of the axis of the wellbore;

- determine the minimum distance between the trunks of existing and projected wells;

- calculate the design coefficient of divergence of the uncertainty zone as the ratio of the minimum distance between the trunks of the existing and projected wells to the radius of uncertainty of the projected well, calculated for the point of the axis of the shaft of the projected well, relative to which the minimum distance is determined;

- compare the design coefficient of discrepancy with the set and by exceeding the design factor over the set judged by the risk of crossing the existing well with the projected well of a separate well site.

The inventive method can be implemented for horizontal and / or directional types of wells.

After the optimization at stage F, the optimal direction of movement of the machine (VAT) on each designed cluster site can be determined by the value of the angle of inclination of the VAT line, for which

- carry out the enumeration of the values of the azimuthal angle of the VAT line from the north direction in increments of 5 to 40 °, while for each value of the azimuthal angle of the VAT line perform the dissection of wells of the cluster pad, for each well determine the angle between the VAT line and the direction from the mouth to the bottom of the well , then calculate the average value of this angle for all wells in the well pad,

- the optimal value is the value of the azimuth angle of the VAT line, relative to which the average value of the angles between the VAT line and the direction from the wellhead to the bottom of the well is as close as possible to 90 °.

Based on the above description of the invention, the person skilled in the art can implement software based on appropriate general purpose or special purpose computer hardware, as a result of which a computer system and / or computer components can be formed according to embodiments of the present invention; A computer system and / or computer components for implementing the proposed method within the framework of embodiments of the present invention can be formed and / or a carrier of computer readable information, including software, by which aspects of the embodiments of the proposed method can be implemented, can be formed.

The claimed method can be implemented using a software-hardware complex or a computer system that includes at least a processor that provides execution of commands from the corresponding blocks;

• a block of input of initial data connected to a block of memory providing storage of the initial data and their direction for processing to the corresponding blocks;

• a block of memory that provides storage of entered data, as well as intermediate results of processing;

• the processing unit of the initial data on the coordinates of the bottom holes, and the processing unit of the initial data on the technical limitations of the well trajectory, using data from the memory block, also connected to the input block of the initial data;

• serially connected: block to determine the area of possible placement of the mouth relative to the bottom for all wells; block of bottomhole ranking by the number of zones of intersection of areas of possible wellhead location relative to face; block of formation of the primary variant of placement of cluster sites; a block for optimizing the placement of cluster pads, implementing a global and local optimization algorithm cyclically repeating until the convergence parameter is reached;

• and a block for displaying the results of calculations on a monitor or print media screen. Additionally, the system may contain the following blocks:

• the block for selecting the optimal azimuth angle of the VAT and the block of well slots along the line of the VAT;

• well trajectory calculation unit and well crossing risk assessment unit.

At the same time, additional blocks can be connected either sequentially after the optimization block with the output of results to the output block, or independently from each other with a separate output of the results into the output block. These blocks perform a functional based on independent calculations and provide additional calculation data characterizing cluster sites.

The input unit and the output unit interact with the computer-implemented system with the operator, and through wired and / or wireless communication lines with external databases. Through the input block, input of the initial data, TTO, topographic data, etc. is carried out. The output unit performs data output in a format that is convenient for the operator to comprehend (for example, in a graphical, tabular format), as well as other operations for outputting data from a computer-implemented system.

A memory block of a computer-implemented system contains topographic, geological maps, as well as information sent for processing into sequentially-implemented blocks. The processor that implements the inventive method, i.e. carrying out the described innovations in the form of executable commands, coordinates the actions of the components of the computing system.

As a computer-implemented system, a personal computer can be used, for example, with the Windows operating system, which contains a central processor, random access memory, a hard disk drive (or a block of memory, or data storage, or a database), a keyboard, a monitor, and communication devices. to work with Internet resources (network card and / or modem), as well as an output device (data output / display unit for processed data, for example, a monitor, or a monitor together with a printer). It is known that the processor is an electronic unit, or an integrated circuit (microprocessor) that executes machine instructions (program code) - the main part of the hardware. Depending on the machine instructions entered into the processor, the corresponding problem is solved. In the claimed invention, the machine instructions are set forth in the form of functions prescribed for execution by the corresponding data processing units, namely, ensuring the execution of the specified optimization algorithms with regard to the constraints and processing parameters entered. The data processing units, in particular, the source data processing unit on the coordinates of the bottom holes, and the source data processing unit on the technical limitations of the well trajectory, the block for determining the area of the possible mouth location relative to the bottom for all wells; block of bottomhole ranking by the number of zones of intersection of areas of possible wellhead location relative to face; block of formation of the primary variant of placement of cluster sites; the block for optimizing the placement of cluster pads, implementing the global and local optimization algorithm cyclically repeating until the convergence parameter is reached, as a rule, are installed in the system block that executes machine-executable instructions.

This system may be a specially designed device, such as an electronic device, or it may contain one or more general-purpose computers that can respond to commands for performing the steps described in this application. To perform these functions, several computers can network. Software commands can be stored on any media computer-readable information, for example, on magnetic or optical disks, cards, storage devices, etc.

Brief Description of the Drawings

The claimed invention is illustrated graphic materials, which presents the results of the implementation of the individual steps of the proposed method, in the form generated by the output unit of the computer system of the images presented on the user's monitor.

FIG. Figure 1 shows an example of a bottomhole grid built in a system of geographic coordinates. The grid shows both the downhole wells (in the form of points) and the wells with horizontal ends (in the form of lines / segments).

FIG. Figure 2 shows a section of a topographic map with the same geographic coordinates and plotted areas restricting the placement of cluster sites (zones of prohibition of placement of cluster sites are marked, for example, water bodies and water protection zones; the limits of the ban zones are located 50 m from water bodies).

FIG. 3 shows an example implementation of stage A for a single horizontal well.

FIG. 4 shows an example of a map with a primary project for locating cluster sites resulting from the implementation of stage C of the proposed method.

FIG. 5-6 shows examples of the results of global and local optimization of placement of cluster sites after the first iteration of the cycle.

FIG. 7-8 shows comparative images of enlarged fragments of the project map with an indicative re-assignment of a well from one well pad to another after the next iteration of the optimization cycle.

FIG. 9 schematically presents the principle of determining the divergence coefficient of two wells as the ratio of the distance between wells to the sum of the radii of uncertainties of the wells.

FIG. 10 schematically shows an example of visualization of the result of calculating the optimal VAT of a cluster pad, in graphical form reflecting the VAT line.

FIG. 11-12 presents variants of the flowchart, reflecting the possible sequence of actions of the proposed method, implemented through the inventive computer system.

FIG. 13 as an example, a trajectory of an obliquely directed well is schematically depicted with the symbols characterizing the key points of the wellbore involved in the calculations during drilling, with the positions in the drawing denoted:

- 1 - wellhead

- 2 - the point of the beginning of the first set of curvature

- 3 - the start point of the tangential segment

- 4 - the start point of the second set of curvature

- 5 - point of entry into the reservoir (bottom hole)

- 6 - well end point

- ΔMD1 - the length of the vertical section (between t. 1 and 2)

- ΔMD2 - the length of the area of the first set of curvature along the trunk (between so 2 and 3)

- ΔMD3 - the length of the tangential section along the trunk (between v.3 and 4)

- ΔMD4 - the length of the section of the second set of curvature along the trunk (between t. 4 and 5)

- ΔMD5 - the length of the zone of sedation of mechanical impurities of formation fluids (ZUMPF)

- Z - the depth of the reservoir or the distance from the surface to the target wells

- I1 - maximum zenith angle at the stabilization section (tangential segment)

- I2 - maximum zenith angle at the entrance to the reservoir

FIG. 14 shows an example of determining the zones of uncertainty of the trajectory of the wellbore to assess the risk of their intersection.

The implementation of the invention

For a better understanding of the essence of the proposed method, below is a list of definitions and terms used in the present description, as well as a brief description of the algorithms and methods used.

Directional well - a well that has a complex spatial profile, which includes a vertical upper interval, followed by areas with specified deviations from the vertical.

A horizontal well is a well with a zenith angle in the well over 60 degrees, and with a section in the reservoir with a length and profile defined by the development system and drilling technology.

GNO - deep well pumping equipment

Wellhead - coordinates of the intersection of the trajectory of the well with the earth's surface.

Well bottom - coordinates of a point in an oil and gas bearing formation to which wells are to be drilled.

Bush site - in the framework of the present invention - a project of a special site for a natural or artificial site of a field with wells scrubs located on it, as well as technological equipment and facilities, engineering communications

Crowing - determining the number and coordinates of the placement of cluster sites on the field, the distribution of wells between the bushes of the corresponding cluster sites.

MD (measured depth) - the depth of the wiring hole or the measured depth of the wellbore

The minimum curvature method (minimum curvature method) is a method for calculating a portion of a well trajectory where changes in its curvature parameters occur (change in zenith angle and angle in azimuth).

The method of Nedlera-Mead is a method of unconditional optimization of a function of several variables that does not use the derivative (gradient) of a function.

VAT - the direction of movement of the machine on the cluster pad.

Azimuth angle of VAT - the angle between the direction to the north and the VAT line with the top at the point with the coordinates of the mouth of the first well pad.

Well billing - the process of determining the ordinal number of drilling a well on a well pad, taking into account the specified distance between wells

Neighboring well - any well that is fully or partially within the control vertical cylinder of a certain radius with the center at the wellhead, while the radius of the control cylinder is equal to the distance between the projections of the mouth and bottom points of the well on the horizontal plane.

The zone of uncertainty is the zone of probable passage of the well trajectory. Set as a% of the current well length (MD), taking into account the vertical section.

Below is a detailed description of the invention, which relates to various variants of its implementation. The specialist it is clear that the following description has a wide range of applications, and the description of the implementation of the present invention is purely explanatory in nature and does not limit the scope of the claims stated in the claims.

The claimed technical solution can be implemented in the form of a software package that solves the task of creating a project for the optimal placement of cluster sites. At the same time, the total length of wells in MD, the total number of cluster sites, the maximum number of wells in the cluster sites, etc.

The claimed technical solution in one of the variants of its execution is implemented in the software complex of the integrated conceptual design of the development and arrangement of oil fields. This software package can be used in the development, production and development of oil fields and includes solving the problem of determining the optimal well casting option (determining the number and coordinates of the location of cluster pads on the field, distribution of wells between cluster pads). The task of creating a project for optimal placement of cluster sites in the claimed method and system was accomplished by minimizing the number of cluster sites and / or minimizing the total penetration for drilling wells and / or minimizing the total cost of well construction, taking into account the cost of construction and arrangement of cluster sites. The computer system contains at least one processor that provides the execution of commands from the corresponding blocks.

As a source data that is entered into the computer system through the input data input block, use is made of a field development scheme with downhole coordinates, a downhole grid of directional and horizontal wells with coordinate data on longitude, width, depth (Fig. 1). All entered data is stored in a memory unit, providing the possibility of their operational direction in the appropriate processing units.

Also, as technical data, which is entered for use in the unit for processing initial data on technical limitations of the well trajectory, technical limitations of the well trajectory and settings for well placement on the well pad are used. An example of such source data for directional wells is presented in Table 1:

When designing well drilling, topographical restrictions or prohibition zones can be taken into account for the placement of well pads (Fig. 2). This data in the form of a topographic map is also placed in the memory block. In the block of processing initial data on the coordinates of the wells, when a topographic map is superimposed on the grid of faces, the areas limiting water bodies and water protection zones are excluded from the area of possible design and calculation.

At the first design stage, in the block for determining the location of the possible wellhead location relative to the bottomhole for all wells, based on the relevant data obtained from the initial data processing units, the areas for the possible wellhead location are determined using the geographic coordinates of the downhole predetermined using the topographic map using known techniques. Such areas are circles for directional wells with a center at the point corresponding to the projection of the bottomhole point on the surface, and the union of two circles for horizontal wells with centers at the points corresponding to the projections of the beginning and end of the horizontal section of the well. An example of the area of possible placement of the wellheads relative to the bottom is shown in FIG. 3. Thus, as a result of this step, a list of faces is formed with coordinates and the corresponding areas of possible placement of estuaries, also with coordinates. Information can be presented both in tabular form, as an interim report, and graphically, using visualization tools, and displayed on the monitor screen with reference to a real map of the area. Next, the data is sent to the bottomhole ranking unit by the number of zones of intersection of areas of possible wellhead location relative to the bottomhole, where the formed list of faces is sorted by ranking by the number of intersections of areas of possible placement of each projected well mouths with areas of possible placement of other designed wells. It is assumed that the maximum number of intersections provides the maximum rank. In other words, when ranking, the maximum value is assigned to a face, with respect to the area of possible placement of the mouth of which the maximum number of intersections with similar areas corresponding to other faces is established. The presence of such intersections indicates the potential possibility of assigning wells with intersecting areas of the mouth to one well pad. In the case of obtaining the same quantitative index for various faces, the area of intersections is additionally calculated and the faces are ranked in order from the smallest area to the largest. The resulting additional ranking is taken into account in the main face rating.

At the end of the determination of areas of possible placement of the mouths with respect to the bottom holes for all wells in the block forming the primary variant of placement of the pad sites, the placement of the pad sites on the field in the first approximation is designed, the main condition of which is the assignment of each well to the cluster pad. In this case, the first cluster pad is formed as follows: a well is included in it with the lowest ranking value in the ranked list, as well as wells, the areas of possible placement of their mouths cross the area of possible placement of the wellhead with the lowest rank. Each next well pad is formed in a similar way from wells with ranked faces that are not included in previously formed well sites. FIG. 4 shows a variant of such a preliminary design for locating cluster sites at the field (total MD = 2313508 m). The presented option can be displayed through the output unit on the monitor screen in relation to the terrain map for completeness of visualization. Also, the graphical information reflected in this way can be presented in the form of an intermediate report - a table containing information about each face, its coordinates, corresponding to the mouth, its location area with coordinates, primary binding to a particular cluster site in accordance with the step described above. The most informative at this stage is the value of MD, which is determined both for the wells that are included in one well pad and for all the well pad of the field.

After determining the first approximation in the arrangement of the cluster plots, the obtained data is sent to a block for optimizing the placement of cluster pads, where global and local optimization of such an arrangement of cluster pads is consistently performed. The sequence of global and local optimization is performed cyclically with the calculation of the target indicator at each iteration (cycle). The result is the design location of cluster sites with the best target. Moreover, as such a target indicator can be used both individually and in any combination

- total MD value for all wells in the well pad;

- the total value of the cost of drilling, construction and arrangement for each well pad (SARAHBurenie).

FIG. Figures 5-6 show the results of global and local optimization iterations. After obtaining a sustainable solution, when further optimization does not lead to an improvement in the result (in the example, a decrease in total MD or a decrease in the number of cluster sites), the optimization process is stopped. Calculation of the call is considered complete.

In this case, with global optimization, for each optimized well, the possibility of assigning it to another well site is determined, and with local optimization, the possibility of changing the initial position of the center of each well site with determining its coordinates is determined.

In the global optimization, each well is successively assigned to each next cluster pad and the total MD value is calculated for each cluster pad and the resulting MD is compared with the original one. Or, if the main criterion is the value of the total cost of drilling wells, construction and arrangement for each cluster pad (CASEHD drilling), then when assigning a well to each cluster pad in the brute force process, the CASEHBurening value is calculated and compared with the original. Thus, the smallest value of the selected criterion is detected, after which the optimized well is identified with respect to the well pad where the smallest value of the MD criterion or CAPAChburning is established.

The stage of local optimization provides the determination of the possibility of displacing the initial position of the center of each cluster pad with the determination of its coordinates in order to achieve the best value of the target indicator. For each cluster pad, its center is shifted to the north, west, south and east by the same distance. For each of the points obtained, the value of the target indicator is calculated and compared with the initial one, before displacement. As a result of obtaining the best target, the center of the cluster pad is shifted to the point relative to which this value was obtained.

As previously noted, in FIG. Figures 5-6 show the results of the first iteration of the global and local optimizations carried out with the MD calculation. Due to the presentation of the results of the iteration in the form of a small-scale map, the presentation of the results of further iterations in a similar form is not informative. The re-assignment of individual wells from one well pad to another as a result of optimization is clearly visible in FIG. 7-8.

Further repetitions of cycles gave the following results, shown in Table 2:

Thus, as a result of three iterations (cycle iterations), the target value (in this case, MD = 2236900 m) was reached, which met the requirements of the convergence of the calculation. The project of locating cluster sites, corresponding to the calculation after the 3rd iteration, was adopted as the best.

The inventive method also allows to assess the risk of intersection of wells, both newly designed and designed in combination with an existing well. This assessment is carried out for a pair of neighboring wells of each well pad. To do this, in the optimization block, a well trajectory calculation block and a well crossing risk assessment are connected, where the position uncertainty zone of each well belonging to the corresponding well pad is determined. As a rule, the zone of uncertainty is determined for each point of the axis of the wellbore and depends on the MD corresponding to this point, and the radius of uncertainty is 1.5–3% of MD. As a result, for each well they form a conical surface diverging from the mouth to the bottom, which forms and limits the zone of uncertainty of the well. Then for these two neighboring wells determine the minimum distance between their trunks, while fixing the value of the depth and coordinates of the point relative to which it is possible to achieve such a minimum distance. At this depth level, the design uncertainty difference factor is calculated as the ratio of the minimum distance between the trunks of two neighboring wells to the sum of the radii of uncertainty of the neighboring wells, calculated for the points of the axes of the wellbores, relative to which the minimum distance is determined. The resulting coefficient is compared with a given value and by exceeding the design coefficient over a given value, it is judged that there is a qualitative risk of crossing wells. The described steps to determine the risk of intersection of wells are performed for each step of global and local optimization in the design of cluster sites.

Also, in the development of a field in which there is at least one previously drilled well, the risk of crossing the newly designed wells with the existing one may be assessed. The inventive method also allows you to assess this risk using a similar sequence of actions as when assessing the risk of crossing the projected wells. It also calculates the uncertainty zone of the projected well, builds a “cone of uncertainty”, determines the minimum distance between the trunks of an existing and projected well, and calculates the design coefficient of divergence of the uncertainty zone as the ratio of the minimum distance between the trunks of the existing and projected well to the uncertainty radius of the projected well calculated for the axis of the projected well bore for which such a minimum distance is determined. As a result of the comparison of the design coefficient with the given one, it is judged that there is a qualitative risk of crossing the wells. The described sequence of actions is also performed, if necessary, during each step of global and local optimizations, which allows to get full information at each iteration step not only about the value of the target indicator, but also to have additional information about the projected wells that may affect further design .

FIG. 11 shows an example of the result of determining the zone of uncertainty of the position of a well bore in space. After determining the zone of uncertainty for each well, a risk of crossing the wells is performed using the variance factor. In the example, according to the results of the calculations, 10 pairs of wells were identified, in which the divergence coefficient was less than 1.5. After making changes in the trajectories of the wells (changing the depth of the vertical section and changing the angle of inclination of the stabilization section) and changing the order of drilling wells, the divergence coefficient for all wells was more than 1.5, which means there is no risk of intersection.

With the same purpose, to form a complete picture when designing cluster sites, the optimum direction of movement of the machine (VAT) on the cluster pad can be determined, based on the enumeration of the values of the azimuth angle of inclination of the designed VAT line. This solution can also be implemented in the process of optimization, for which, in the optimization block, blocks of the choice of the optimal azimuth angle of the VAT and the slots of the wells along the VAT line are connected. The step for the search is chosen arbitrary, from 5 to 40 °. So, for each value of the azimuth angle of the VAT line, the slots of wells of the well pad are conducted. For each well, calculate the angle between the VAT line and the direction from the wellhead to the bottom of the well, and then calculate the average value of this angle for all wells in the well pad. After carrying out calculations for all values of the azimuthal angles of the VAT line, determine the average value of the angle between the VAT line and the direction from the mouth to the bottom of the well closest to 90 °. This value is characterized by the maximum proximity to the perpendicular direction of the wells. It is known that the most secure is the posting of wells in case the bottom holes are directed approximately at a right angle to the direction of movement of the machine. The greatest danger of crossing the trunks occurs when drilling wells, whose faces are directed in the direction of movement of the machine. Therefore, when determining the optimal direction of movement of the machine (VAT) at the well site, it is necessary to keep the minimum number of design holes in the direction of movement of the machine.

The figure 12 presents an example of calculating the optimal direction of movement of the machine (VAT) on the cluster pad. The average angle between the VAT line and the direction from the wellhead to the bottom of the well is 72 degrees, determined for the azimuth angle of the VAT 242 degrees.

Thus, as a result of the application of the claimed invention, it became possible to design the optimal location of cluster pads on the field, taking into account topographic and geological constraints, parameters of well construction.

When conducting operations of the proposed method, the method of unconditional optimization of a function of several variables is used.

The above description is intended to clarify the essence of the claimed invention. The present invention may undergo various changes and modifications understood by a person skilled in the art. Such changes do not limit the scope of claims. For example, the types of targets can change, the criterion of calculation convergence, the amount of input data for carrying out calculations, the absolute values of predetermined parameters, etc. can change. The method is not limited to any number of analyzed faces, the number of wells or cluster sites.

Claims (39)

1. The method of designing the placement of cluster sites on the field using a computer system, comprising the following steps: A) determining the area of possible placement of the projected wellheads of the field relative to their bottom-holes based on the source data; B) ranking of bottom holes by the number of intersections of the area of possible placement of the mouth of each well with areas of possible placement of other wells - from the worst, characterized by the smallest number of intersections, to the best, characterized by the largest number of intersections, while for the bottom with a rank provided with an equal number of intersections, they are additionally ranked by the total area of intersections from the smallest to the largest; C) the formation of a primary project for locating cluster pads by combining groups of wells into cluster pads based on the results of the bottomhole ranking, while the first cluster pad includes the well with the worst ranking ranking results, as well as wells whose areas of possible mouths cross wells with the worst rank, with each subsequent well pad being formed in a similar way from wells with ranked faces that were not previously formed TED pads; D) determining the target value for each cluster site; F) optimization of the project for locating cluster sites formed at stage C using cyclic repetition of successively performed global and local optimization steps until a predetermined convergence parameter is reached for the results of calculations of placement of cluster sites, for what - at global optimization for each optimized well, determine the possibility of assigning it to another well site by iterating through all the well sites created at stage C and calculating the target indicator for each well site taking into account the optimized well and upon receiving the corresponding value of the target smaller than that determined D, an optimized well is assigned to a well pad, relative to which the lowest value is set; - when local optimization for each cluster pad determines the possibility of changing the initial position of the center of each cluster pad with determining its coordinates, for which they perform a sequential displacement of the center of the cluster pad in a plane along mutually perpendicular directions with calculation of the target indicator, and upon receipt of the corresponding value of the target indicator smaller, than the original, determined in stage D, assign new coordinates to the center of the cluster pad, for which claimed is the smallest value; G) display on the topographic map of the project for locating formed cluster pads with the coordinates of the wellheads and pivot centers and the assigned values of the target indicator based on the results of the optimization carried out at stage F. 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that as the target indicator using the value of the total depth of penetration of all wells (MD) of each well pad and / or total costs for drilling wells, construction and construction for each well pad (CAPE drilling). 3. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the local optimization is performed using the algorithm of Nedler-Meade, while the sequential displacement of the center of the cluster pad in four mutually perpendicular directions is performed in increments of 10 to 500 m. 4. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that as a predetermined parameter of convergence of the results of calculations of placement of cluster sites use the value of the target for the minimum number of cluster sites on the field. 5. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that at stage F additionally carry out a qualitative assessment of the risk of crossing wells, for which - determine the zone of uncertainty of the position of each well belonging to the corresponding well site, by calculating the radius of uncertainty of the wellbore, which is chosen in the range of 1.5-3% from MD, determined for each point of the axis of the wellbore; - for each pair of neighboring wells determine the minimum distance between their trunks; - calculate the design coefficient of divergence of uncertainty zones as the ratio of the minimum distance between the trunks of two neighboring wells to the sum of the radii of uncertainty of the trunks of neighboring wells, calculated for points of the axes of the boreholes, relative to which the minimum distance is determined; - compare the design ratio of the discrepancy with the set and by exceeding the design factor over the set is judged on the presence of qualitative risk of crossing wells. 6. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that it is implemented for horizontal and / or directional types of wells. 7. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that at step F additionally perform a qualitative assessment of the risk of crossing the existing well with the projected well of a separate well pad, while - determine the zone of uncertainty of the position of the projected well by calculating the radius of uncertainty of the wellbore, which is chosen in the range of 1.5-3% of MD, defined for each point of the axis of the wellbore; - determine the minimum distance between the trunks of existing and projected wells; - calculate the design coefficient of divergence of the uncertainty zone as the ratio of the minimum distance between the trunks of the existing and projected wells to the radius of uncertainty of the projected well, calculated for the point of the axis of the shaft of the projected well, relative to which the minimum distance is determined; - compare the design ratio of the discrepancy with the set and by exceeding the design factor over the set is judged on the presence of qualitative risk of crossing wells. 8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, additionally, after carrying out the optimization in step F, determine the optimal direction of movement of the machine (VAT) on each designed cluster pad by the value of the angle of inclination of the VAT line, for which - perform the enumeration of the values of the azimuth angle of the VAT from the north direction in increments of 5 to 40 °, while for each value of the azimuthal angle of the VAT perform the dissemination of wells of the well pad, for each well determine the angle between the VAT line and the direction from the mouth to the bottom of the well, after which calculates the average value of this angle for all wells in the well pad, - the optimal value is the value of the azimuth angle of the VAT, relative to which the average value of the angles between the line of VAT and the direction from the mouth to the bottom of the well as close as possible to 90 °. 9. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that as the source data using the coordinates of the faces and technical limitations on the design of wells. 10. A computer system that implements the method according to claim 1, comprising a processor that provides execution of commands from the corresponding blocks: • input data input unit; • block of processing the initial data on the coordinates of the bottom holes; • block for processing initial data on technical limitations of the well trajectory; • block for determining the area of possible placement of the mouth relative to the bottom for all wells; • Block of bottomhole ranking by the number of zones of intersection of areas of possible wellhead location relative to bottomhole; • block of formation of the primary variant of placement of cluster sites; • unit for optimization of placement of cluster sites (global and local optimization), • a block for displaying the results of calculations on a monitor or print media screen. 11. The computer system of clause 10, further comprising a block for selecting the optimal azimuth angle of the VAT and a block of well slots along the VAT line, successively interconnected with each other and with the block for optimizing the placement of cluster sites. 12. The computer system of clause 10, further comprising a well trajectory calculation unit and a well crossing risk assessment unit, connected in series with each other and with a unit for optimizing the placement of well pads or with a block of well slots along the VAT line.

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