RU2718941C1 - Condenser type drying system - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: technological processes.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to systems for drying and producing water extracted during drying from crops, for example, vegetables, fruits, herbs etc. Condenser-type drying system comprises a housing with at least two drying chambers and a spiral conveyor, their turns passing through drying chambers throughout the height of the housing, wherein each drying chamber comprises at least one fan and a heater, wherein the housing in its lower part comprises an airflow outlet, connected through the cooling recuperator to the inlet of the plate evaporator, and the outlet of the plate evaporator comprises a main fan and is connected to the upper drying chamber inlet through the heat recuperator, wherein the plate-type evaporator comprises an outlet for draining the condensate, and each drying chamber comprises control dampers, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a speed and air direction sensor, adjusting dampers are controlled according to information received from the sensor.

EFFECT: design of a system which enables to perform drying and collection of moisture formed during drying with high efficiency.

6 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to systems for drying and collecting moisture released during drying from crops, for example vegetables, fruits, herbs, and the like.

A conveyor dryer is known (RF Patent No. 2650011, published on April 6, 2018) containing a conveyor; fan heaters are installed sequentially above the conveyor along its conveyor, permanent magnets are rigidly mounted on the blades of each of them. The dryer may additionally contain at least one additional conveyor with fan heaters installed above them along each of them, on the blades of each of which permanent magnets are rigidly mounted, while the conveyors are mounted one above the other with the possibility of transferring the dried product from the upper conveyor to the underlying conveyor. Permanent magnets are placed on opposite sides of the blades symmetrically to each other. At least one conveyor is enclosed in a separate box.

A known dryer for vegetables and fruits (Patent CN207197188, published April 6, 2018), containing several levels of conveyor belts located one above the other and having the opposite direction of rotation, fans, condensers and heaters. Vegetables falling onto the belt pass along the conveyor body, the fan blows them with heated air, after passing to the end of the body the vegetables fall to the lower level of the conveyor and move to the opposite side along the body, again being dried.

A device for drying vegetables is known (Patent CN202489136, published October 17, 2012) containing successively arranged drying chambers, chambers are located along the conveyor belt, chambers contain fans, condensers and heating elements, conveyor belts have different speeds for different types of vegetables.

The disadvantages of these analogues is the low drying efficiency and the design of these types of dryers does not allow them to be used as devices for extracting water obtained in the drying process of vegetables and fruits.

A low-power dryer for fruits and vegetables is known as a dryer (RF Patent No. 10320, published July 16, 1999), consisting of a housing mounted on the supports with a loading hopper mounted on it, an unloading nozzle, nozzles for supplying and discharging air, a shaft with mesh screens mounted on it disk shelves, while disk shelves are made in the form of inclined four-blade sections. This design allows you to evenly dry vegetables and fruits while maintaining their beneficial properties, however, drying takes quite a long time. Also, this design does not allow to extract the water obtained during drying.

The aim of the invention is to create an effective system that implements the function of drying vegetables, fruits and other agricultural products, and collecting water extracted from vegetables and fruits during the drying process.

The technical result of the invention is the creation of a system that allows with high efficiency to carry out the process of drying and collecting moisture, containing useful properties inherent in the dried material formed during this process. High efficiency is achieved by reducing the energy consumed while increasing the efficiency of the dryer, due to the presence of a closed ventilation system and units that allow you to save the energy released during the drying process.

The technical result is achieved due to the fact that the condenser-type drying system comprises a casing with at least two drying chambers and a spiral conveyor for its turns passing through the drying chambers along the entire height of the casing, each drying chamber containing at least one fan and a heater, moreover, the lower drying chamber contains an outlet for air flow connected through a cooling recuperator to the inlet of the plate evaporator, and the output of the plate evaporator contains the main vein a killer and is connected to the inlet of the upper drying chamber through a heating recuperator, while the plate evaporator contains an outlet for condensate drainage and each drying chamber contains control dampers, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a speed and air direction sensor, and control dampers are regulated according to information received from the sensor .

As the heating elements can be used both electric and oil, and any other known heaters capable of maintaining the temperature the required temperature inside the drying chambers.

The heating recuperator is designed for more efficient use of thermal energy and allows the waste warm air to warm up the cold air leaving the evaporators after separation of moisture. The cooling recuperator works similarly.

In the drying chambers, either partitions can be completely absent, or they can be made mesh, without blocking the path of the air flow passing through them. The conveyor belt is also made mesh, for uniform drying of the material.

The control flaps can be set to the required angle and remain stationary during the drying process, in order to redirect the air flow from one chamber to another, or can be regulated depending on the information received from the sensors.

This design allows high-efficiency drying of crops through the use of a cooling and heating recuperator, as well as the use of control dampers that regulate air flow (speed and direction) according to information received from the sensors of the drying chambers. The high efficiency of liquid collection is due to the fact that due to flow control, all humid air passes through the drying chambers and enters a plate evaporator, where it is converted into liquid. The use of a spiral conveyor also suggests that the dryer body has an oval or rounded shape, which also favorably affects the movement of air flow inside the dryer and its entry into the plate evaporator.

The technical nature of the alleged invention is illustrated by graphic images. In Fig.1 shows a drying system of vegetables and fruits of the condenser type (hereinafter referred to as the dryer), Fig.2 is a General view of the dryer, Fig.3 is a diagram of the air flow inside the dryer.

The system contains:

1) Case;

2) Drying chambers;

3) Spiral conveyor;

4) air heater;

5) fan;

6) Cooling recuperator;

7) Plate evaporator;

8) Main fan;

9) Heating recuperator;

10) Control flaps.

In the proposed embodiment, the system for drying vegetables and fruits of the condenser type works as follows.

The dryer body 1 contains six drying chambers 2, in each drying chamber 2, three fans 5 and three air heaters 4 are sequentially located in the inner part. The inlet for the dried material is located in the lower part of the housing 1. The ventilation system of the dryer is closed. The serial numbers for the drying chambers are assigned from the top to the bottom (Fig. 1).

Preferably, the casing is closed in such a way that practically no air from the outside enters the system, or air ingress is minimized. In an even more preferred embodiment, the housing is substantially airtight.

The total drying time of the product is 90-450 minutes, depending on the size of the dried fruit.

The material to be dried is fed to the input part of the spiral conveyor 3 located in the lower part of the housing 1. The spiral conveyor 3 moves the material to be dried into the first drying chamber 2, where they fall under the air flow generated by the fan 4 heated to a temperature of 50-80 ° C by the fan 5. Next the spiral conveyor 3 moves the dried material from one drying chamber 2 to another until it reaches the outlet located in the upper part of the housing 1. The speed of the spiral conveyor 3 and the number of drying chambers 2 are calculated with the drying condition of the material to a desired state, by passing a drying cycle. Thus, the material is dried.

The air flow (Fig. 4) inside the dryer is directed tangentially from the upper drying chamber 2, to the lower one, thus the maximum air humidity is achieved in the lower drying chamber 2. In each drying chamber 2, the fan 5 additionally forms an air flow heated by the heater 4. Direction the air flow is regulated by the flaps 10. The control flaps 10 in each drying chamber are set at the required angle, taking into account its movement from one chamber to another, they can also be installed in the drying chambers sensors of temperature, humidity, direction and speed of the air flow, using the information received from these sensors, it becomes possible to adjust the dampers to change the flow rate, which allows to further increase the drying efficiency of the material, for example, to maintain its useful properties. From the lower drying chamber 2, humidified air enters through a cooling recuperator 6 into a plate evaporator 7, where the plate evaporator 7 condenses the water evaporated from the dried material while maintaining its useful properties. Water enters the outlet of the plate evaporator 7, and the dry air is drawn by the main fan 8 into the heating recuperator 9, where it is heated and the dry heated air enters the upper drying chamber 2. Thus, the ventilation system of the dryer is closed, which allows the collection of moisture generated in drying process.

The duration of the main drying cycle in this dryer is 3-15 minutes (5 cycles per chamber). The material comes out with a moisture content of 85-90% and after drying at the outlet the product contains 3-8% moisture.

Material and air move countercurrently. The solids content in the material before drying is 14%, after drying, 96%.

Air, after condensation, has parameters

T: ~ 6.5 ° C; H: ~ 6 g / kg; Rh: ~ 100%

And fed to a heating recuperator, heated to parameters

T: ~ 68 ° C; H: ~ 7 g / kg; Rh: ~ 4%

And served in a drying tower. After each section, air is conditioned by temperature and humidity.

Air parameters at the exit from the sixth drying chamber:

T: ~ 59 ° C; H: ~ 9 g / kg; Rh: ~ 7.6%

Air parameters at the entrance to the fifth drying chamber

T: ~ 68 ° C; H: ~ 9 g / kg; Rh: ~ 5.1%

Air parameters at the exit from the fifth drying chamber

T: ~ 56 ° C; H: ~ 13.5 g / kg; Rh: ~ 13%

Air parameters at the entrance to the fourth drying chamber

T: ~ 68 ° C; H: ~ 13.5 g / kg; Rh: ~ 7.5%

Air parameters when leaving the fourth drying chamber

T: ~ 51 ° C; H: ~ 20 g / kg; Rh: ~ 24.3%

Air parameters at the entrance to the third drying chamber

T: ~ 69 ° C; H: ~ 20 g / kg; Rh: ~ 10.6%

Air parameters at the exit from the third drying chamber

T: ~ 48 ° C; H: ~ 28 g / kg; Rh: ~ 39.1%

Air parameters at the entrance to the second drying chamber

T: ~ 70 ° C; H: 28 g / kg; Rh: ~ 14%

Air parameters when leaving the second drying chamber

T: ~ 46 ° C; H: ~ 37 g / kg; Rh: ~ 56%

Air parameters at the entrance to the first drying chamber

T: ~ 46 ° C; H: ~ 47 g / kg; Rh: ~ 70%

Parameters of humid air when leaving the lower drying chamber:

T: ~ 46 ° C; H: ~ 37 - 47 g / kg; Rh: ~ 56% - 70%

About 36% of moisture will be removed in chamber 1, in the chamber 2-24%, in the chamber 3-16%, in the chamber 4-12%, in the chamber 5-8%, in the chamber 6-4%.

The number of cycles of changes in temperature, humidity, speed in each chamber is a mechanical characteristic of the dryer and represents the number of revolutions of the conveyor belt in each of the drying chambers.

The shape of the dryer body may vary, may be cylindrical, or in the form of an elliptical cylinder. The location of fans and heaters in the inner diameter of the drying chambers allows to increase the drying efficiency due to uniform blowing of the fetus with heated air from all sides.

The technical advantage of the invention is the implementation of high-efficiency drying of fruits and vegetables, with the simplicity of the manufacture of the structure. High drying efficiency is achieved due to the fact that the ventilation system of the dryer is closed, recuperators allow you to save the thermal energy received during drying.

Thus, the proposed invention can be widely used in the manufacture of dried foods and water containing useful properties inherent in them.

Claims (6)

1. System for drying a condenser type, comprising a housing with at least two drying chambers and a conveyor, characterized in that the conveyor is made spiral and passes through the drying chambers along the height of the casing, with at least two drying chambers containing a fan and a heater air located inside the housing, and the housing in its lower part contains an outlet for air flow, connected through a cooling recuperator to the inlet of the plate evaporator, and evaporate the plate outlet I coupled to the input of the uppermost drying chamber through the heating heat exchanger, wherein the plate evaporator comprises an outlet for discharging condensate. 2. The drying system according to claim 1, characterized in that the drying chamber contains control flaps. 3. The drying system according to claim 2, characterized in that the drying chamber contains a temperature sensor, and the dampers are regulated according to information received from the sensor. 4. The drying system according to claim 2, characterized in that the drying chamber contains a humidity sensor, and the dampers are regulated according to information received from the sensor. 5. The drying system according to claim 2, characterized in that the drying chamber comprises a speed and air direction sensor, and the dampers are controlled according to information received from the sensor. 6. The drying system according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains at least two successively arranged plate evaporators.

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