GB2199644A - Dryer - Google Patents
Dryer Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2199644A GB2199644A GB08726064A GB8726064A GB2199644A GB 2199644 A GB2199644 A GB 2199644A GB 08726064 A GB08726064 A GB 08726064A GB 8726064 A GB8726064 A GB 8726064A GB 2199644 A GB2199644 A GB 2199644A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- air
- pathway
- heat pump
- channel
- drying apparatus
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B17/00—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement
- F26B17/12—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed solely by gravity, i.e. the material moving through a substantially vertical drying enclosure, e.g. shaft
- F26B17/122—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed solely by gravity, i.e. the material moving through a substantially vertical drying enclosure, e.g. shaft the material moving through a cross-flow of drying gas; the drying enclosure, e.g. shaft, consisting of substantially vertical, perforated walls
- F26B17/126—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed solely by gravity, i.e. the material moving through a substantially vertical drying enclosure, e.g. shaft the material moving through a cross-flow of drying gas; the drying enclosure, e.g. shaft, consisting of substantially vertical, perforated walls the vertical walls consisting of baffles, e.g. in louvre-arrangement
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
- F26B21/02—Circulating air or gases in closed cycles, e.g. wholly within the drying enclosure
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B23/00—Heating arrangements
- F26B23/001—Heating arrangements using waste heat
- F26B23/002—Heating arrangements using waste heat recovered from dryer exhaust gases
- F26B23/005—Heating arrangements using waste heat recovered from dryer exhaust gases using a closed cycle heat pump system ; using a heat pipe system
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
- Y02B30/52—Heat recovery pumps, i.e. heat pump based systems or units able to transfer the thermal energy from one area of the premises or part of the facilities to a different one, improving the overall efficiency
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/10—Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
Abstract
A drying apparatus for grain, coffee, cocoa or other particulate matter has one or more vertical pathways (10) for movement of the product being dried and a heat pump having an evaporator or cooled radiator (22) and a condenser or heated radiator (24). Air is passed in a closed air channel through the product in the path (10), where it dries the product, and is then conducted to the evaporator (22) where it is cooled and dehumidified; then it is passed to the condenser (24) where it is heated and then it is passed through the product again. <IMAGE>
Description
DRYER
The present invention relates to driers for granular, flaccid or particulate products and especially for foodstuffs, e.g. coffee, rice, cocoa, sorghum, millet, rape and grain. The drier of the present invention can also be used to dry non-food products.
Driers are well known in the food industry and usually operate by passing heated air through the product so that the moisture in the product evaporates and is carried away by the air, which is discharged into the atmosphere. The discharged air represents a considerable waste of energy but it cannot be recirculated because it is laden with moisture and a second passage through the product will not result in the product being dried substantially. Part of the heat content of the discharged air can be recovered by a heat exchanger but there is still a large loss in energy.
The present invention provides an apparatus and a method for drying granular products that consumes less energy than known driers.
According to a first aspect of the present invention there is provided a drying apparatus for granular material, the apparatus comprising one or more pathways for the granular material, a closed air channel for passing air through the granular material in the pathway, means located in the air channel for circulating air within the channel, and a heat pump located in the air channel, the cooled section (the evaporator) of which being arranged to receive air that has passed through the material pathway, and the heated section (the condenser) of which is arranged in the air channel downstream of the cooled section (with respect to the flow of air in the channel )so as to heat air from the cooled section, which is then passed through the product in the pathway.
The cooled section of the heat pump cools the circulating air and moisture in the air is thereby condensed and is removed from the system; the circulating air then contacts the heated section of the heat pump which increases the air temperature approximately to its former temperature. Thus, the heat pump removes moisture from the air and allows the air, which has been dehumidified, to be recirculated in a sealed system to dry more material. Because the air circulates in a closed channel, there is no wasteful discharge of hot air from the apparatus and therefore the heat consumption of the apparatus is low.
As is known, heat pumps have a low energy consumption and so the apparatus is cheap to run. As will be appreciated, the heat pump does not in itself add heat to the air in the channels (except incidental heat given off by the compressor motor of the heat pump) since the heating effect of the heated section is matched by the cooling effect of the cooled section. Heating of the circulating air is preferably brought about by radiators e.g. electrically powered radiators located between the heated section of the heat pump and the material pathways.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of drying granular material, which method comprises circulating air in a closed channel through the material in a pathway thereby drying it, contacting air after it has passed through the material with the cooled section of a heat pump, contacting the cooled air with the heated section of the heat pump and passing the air once again through the material.
Drying apparatuses are known which use heat pumps to heat air but none of these apparatuses have a closed air cycle which means that hot air is discharged and fresh air has to be heated to the drying temperature which is which is wasteful.
The present invention will now be described in greater detail by way of example only with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional perspective view of an
apparatus in accordance with the present invention taken from
above and to one side thereof.
Fig. 2 is a schematic perspective view of the whole
apparatus of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a sectional view of the product pathways of the
apparatus of Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is a cross sectional view of the discharger of the
apparatus of Fig. 2.
Fig. 5 is a side elevation of the discharger of the
apparatus of Fig. 2.
Fig. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an alternative
apparatus in accordance with the present invention.
Referring initially to Fig. 1, granular material is fed from a hopper (not shown in Fig. 1) located above the apparatus through two pathways 10 to a common discharge 12. The walls of the material pathway have openings that allow air to pass in the direction of the arrows from chambers 14, through the material in the pathways 10 and into a central chamber 16, thereby drying the material. Detailed views of the pathways and of the discharge are shown in Figs. 3 to 5.
The moist air then passes along the central chamber 16 into a chamber 17 containing a filter for collecting dust. The air flow is split up into two streams, and heat pumps 20 is provided in each stream. Air as it enters the streams encounters the cooled sections 22 of the heat pumps and while flowing over this section, water vapour is condensed from the air which is thereby dehumidified. The air then flows over the heated sections 24 of the heat pumps where its temperature is raised and is then passed through passage 25 back to chambers 14 to dry further material. Water condensed out in the cooled sections 22 of the heat pump falls into a collecting vessel and is removed from the apparatus through a drain.
Air in the apparatus is circulated in the direction of the arrows by fans 26 located in central chamber 16 and in a space 27 between the cooled and heated sections of each heat exchange 20. An electrically powered radiator 28 is located in each chamber 14 to compensate for heat losses through the sides of the apparatus (which is lagged) and as a consequence of heating the product. The heater 28 may be operated intermitently when sensors (not shown) located in the air stream sense a temperature below a threshold value.
A typical cycle of air within the apparatus may have the following temperatures and relative humidities in the various parts of the apparatus:
Temp Relative humidity ( C) (O Chambers 14 : 30-35 20 Chamber 16 : 25-30 60-65
Space 27 : 20-25 20
Passage 25 : 25-30 20
The apparatus has walls made of galvenised steel and is preferably modular in form, that is to say it consists of one module 30 containing the heat pumps 20, the fans 26 and the heaters 28 and one or more modules 32 containing chambers 14 and 16 and the material pathways 10. The discharge 12 is not part of module 32 but is attached underneath it. In Fig. 1, only one module 32 is shown; further modules can be added on as shown schematicly by dotted lines on the right hand side of Fig 1. The discharge 12 and the leading hopper should have a length corresponding to the number of modules 32 provided. It is also possible to stack the modules 30 and 32 vertically so that at each level one module 30 and one or more modules 32 are provided. Alternatively a single module 30 can serve several vertically stacked modules 32. In all these arrangements the pathway 10 and chambers 14 and 16 in each module 32 are connected to the corresponding parts of the adjacent modules.
A schematic modular system is shown in Fig. 2 which shows six modules 32 attached to two modules 30. The material is fed to modules 32 by a common hopper 34 and removed through a common discharge unit 36.
Fig. 3 shows in greater detail the arrangement of pathways 10. Each pathway 10 is made up of a series of plates 38 that provide a zig-zag path for the product 40 to be dried. The plates are arranged in a herring-bone array so that air in chamber 14 can pass between adjacent plates 38a into the product and from there into central chamber 16 between plates 38b. The product can flow freely down the pathways 10 from hopper 34 to the common discharge 36 under the influence of gravity.
The common discharge 36 is shown in greater detail in Figs.
4 and 5. Product from the two pathways 10 enters the top 42 of the discharge 36 and rests on louvres 44 that funnel the product into a channel 46 defined between two movable walls 48. The width of channel 46 is adjustable by moving sidewalls 48 to regulate the rate of discharge of product from the apparatus. The rate of discharge is also controlled by the height of a vertically movable retention table 50 arranged between the channel 46 and a product outlet 52. Discharge of the product may be brought about solely by gravity but greater control can be exercised by arranging an oscillating bar 54 in channel 46 to direct the product to the gap between the channel 46 and the retention table 50. The bar 54 can be oscillated automatically to discharge the product when sensors in the apparatus indicate that the product at the bottom of pathway 10 is dry.
Referring to Fig. 5 the bar 54 shown in Fig. 4 is oscillated by a motor 56 that drives a gearbox 57 with concentric drive to move, via a rod 59, a reciprocating lever 58 that is directly attached to bar 54. The rod 59 is engagable in any of three holes in the lever 58 to vary the magnitude of oscillation of the bar 54.
Material in the discharge unit 12 cools as it rests on louvres 44 and further cooling can be achieved by providing an optional tube 60 that vents the discharge unit 12 to atmosphere.
It is not necessary to place the heated section of the heat pump directly downstream of the cooled section but instead air leaving the cooled section can be passed through further product prior to being heated by the heated section of the heat pump. Thus, in an alternative embodiment shown in Fig. 6, the air distribution path in the apparatus is divided into two or more (in this case five) distinct vertically-spaced ducts (110 a - llOe) by means of horizontal dividing panels 112. In this apparatus, cool dry air leaving the cooled section (evaporator) 22 of the heat pump is passed through ducts ll0a, llOc and 110e and through the product, e.g. grain, in parts of the pathways 10 lying within those ducts.The air leaving the cooled section 22 will be dry (dehumidified) but cool (typically 6-8 C) but the product will generally be warmer (e.g. about 180C) and so the air will be warmed up by its passage through the product, e.g. to about lloC while the product will be cooled, eq. to about 14or. The heated air is then passed to the heated section (condenser) 24 of the heat pump where it is heated still further; it then optionally passes through an electricaly heated radiator (not shown) and is then fed through ducts ll0b and llOd and the associated parts of passageway 10 where it dries the product further.The warm, wet air leaving the ducts llOb and llOd is fed to the cooled section 22 of the heat pump where it is cooled and dehumidified and the above cycle is repeated.
The temperature of the air passing through ducts liOb and ll0d and the associated parts of the pathway 10 will be hotter than that passing through the product in the apparatus shown in Figure 1 and so is more hygroscopic and has a more efficient drying action. Also, the passage of the cool air from the heat pump evaporator through the ducts llOa, llOc and ll0e and the associated parts of the pathway 10 has some drying effect despite the relatively low temperature of the air because the air will be dry as a result of the duhumidification in the heat pump evaporator 22.Furthermore, because the product has been cooled, it undergoes in the parts of the passageway associated with ducts ll0b and llOd a larger temperature change than in the case with the apparatus shown in Figure 1 and thus a greater amount of water is driven off from the product.
The above three effects lead to more effective drying and greater drying efficiency which means that the throughput (amount of product dried per hour) is increased.
The embodiment shown in Fig.6 cools the product and then re-heats it; it is possible to include any number of such cooling and reheating cycles as the product passes down the passageways 10, each cooling step being performed with dehumidified air from the evaporator of a heat pump and each heating step being performed with air from the condenser of the same or of a different heat pump.
Thus, the present invention provides a drying apparatus for granular or flaccid material placed in a ventilated storage area at up to three and a half metres high with air distribution ducts beneath.
Dry air to be supplied via a common plenum chamber from the installed heat pump and ventilator and presented to the product with a nominal temperature rise of say five degrees celcius (50C) over ambient temperature. Such air having been passed through the product and having collected moisture will then be returned to the heatpump for reprocessing by dehumidification. Such a system will operate regardless of ambient conditions to improve and guarantee drying of the stored product without creating condensation within the stored area and without the need of an auxiliary heating medium.
Claims (12)
1. A drying apparatus for granular or flaccid material, the apparatus comprising one or more pathways for the granular material, a closed air channel for passing air through the granular material in the pathway, means located in the air channel for circulating air within the channel, and a heat pump located in the air channel, the cooled section (the evaporator) of which being arranged to receive air that has passed through the material pathway, and the heated section (the condenser) of which is arranged in the air channel downstream of the cooled section (with respect to the flow of air in the channel) so as to heat air from the cooled section which is then passed through the product in the pathway.
2. A drying apparatus as claimed in claim 1, which includes means for heating air downstream (with respect to the air flow) of the heated section of the heat pump, which heating means is preferably an electrically powered radiator.
3. A drying apparatus as claimed in claim 2, which includes a sensor for sensing the temperature cf the air at a given point in the air channel and for activating the heating means when the temperature sensed falls below a threshold value.
4. A drying apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the air channel is divided into at least two ducts, each duct being in contact with a portion of the material pathway and wherein a first duct conducts air from the evaporator to a portion of the material pathway associated with that duct (the first portion), and in a second duct air is conducted from the condenser to a second portion of the material pathway associated with that duct, and wherein the apparatus further includes means for passing air that has passed through the first portion of the pathway to the condenser or for passing air that has passed through the second portion of the pathway to the evaporator.
5. A drying apparatus as claimed in claim 4, which includes a plurality of first and second ducts arranged alternately along the length of pathway.
6. A drying apparatus as claimed in claim 5, which includes a plurality of heat pumps, each pump being associated with a different pair of first and second ducts.
7. A drying apparatus as claimed in claim 5, which includes a single heat pump for all the ducts.
8. A drying apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, which includes two or more pathways extending parallel with each other.
9. A drying apparatus substantially as hereinbefore described in connection with and as illustrated in Figures 1 to 6 of the accompanying drawings.
10. A method of drying granular material, which method comprises circulating air in a closed channel through the material in a pathway thereby drying it, contacting air after it has passed through the material with the cooled section of a heat pump, contacting the cooled air with the heated section of the heat pump and passing the air once again through the material.
11. A method as claimed in claim 10, which comprises subjecting the material in the pathway to one or more cooling-and-heating cycles as it passes along the pathway, in the cooling step of each cycle the material is contacted with air from the evaporator of the heat pump and in the heating step of each cycle the air is contacted with air from the condenser of the heat pump.
12. A method substantially as hereinbefore described in connection with Figures 1 to 6 of the accompanying drawings.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB868626528A GB8626528D0 (en) | 1986-11-06 | 1986-11-06 | Dryer |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB8726064D0 GB8726064D0 (en) | 1987-12-09 |
| GB2199644A true GB2199644A (en) | 1988-07-13 |
Family
ID=10606892
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB868626528A Pending GB8626528D0 (en) | 1986-11-06 | 1986-11-06 | Dryer |
| GB08726064A Withdrawn GB2199644A (en) | 1986-11-06 | 1987-11-06 | Dryer |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB868626528A Pending GB8626528D0 (en) | 1986-11-06 | 1986-11-06 | Dryer |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (2) | GB8626528D0 (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1994019656A1 (en) * | 1993-02-22 | 1994-09-01 | Greenhalgh Refrigeration Pty. Ltd. | Improvements in or in relation to dehydration units |
| WO1998023819A1 (en) * | 1996-11-25 | 1998-06-04 | Robinet Jean Claude | Device for hydrous consolidation of soils |
| WO2008047196A2 (en) * | 2006-10-15 | 2008-04-24 | Budzinski, Dariusz | Method of drying lignite coal and unit for implementing the drying lignite coal method |
| US10041731B1 (en) * | 2017-02-01 | 2018-08-07 | Donald E Hinks | HVAC grain dryer |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106482491A (en) * | 2016-12-15 | 2017-03-08 | 湖北科阳节能设备有限公司 | A kind of novel powder food processing air-energy dryer |
| CN110319684A (en) * | 2019-07-29 | 2019-10-11 | 瀚能(苏州)节能科技有限公司 | Powder flow dries cooling integrated machine |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1196016A (en) * | 1966-11-16 | 1970-06-24 | Ballestra Spa | Improvements in or relating to Methods and Apparatus for Removing Moisture from Organic Materials, Foodstuffs and other Moisture-Containing Substances. |
| GB1304407A (en) * | 1969-05-12 | 1973-01-24 | ||
| US4050164A (en) * | 1976-03-08 | 1977-09-27 | Cromwell B. Campbell | Grain dryer construction |
| GB2052704A (en) * | 1979-05-31 | 1981-01-28 | Gea Luftkuehler Happel Gmbh | Air Temperature Control Apparatus |
| GB2064099A (en) * | 1979-11-29 | 1981-06-10 | Prestcold Ltd | Dehumidifier; Air Conditioner; Drier |
| GB2066651A (en) * | 1980-01-08 | 1981-07-15 | Costello C J | Process and apparatus for conditioning particulate foodstuffs |
| GB2092729A (en) * | 1981-01-07 | 1982-08-18 | Technoscript Ab | Regenerative Dryer |
-
1986
- 1986-11-06 GB GB868626528A patent/GB8626528D0/en active Pending
-
1987
- 1987-11-06 GB GB08726064A patent/GB2199644A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1196016A (en) * | 1966-11-16 | 1970-06-24 | Ballestra Spa | Improvements in or relating to Methods and Apparatus for Removing Moisture from Organic Materials, Foodstuffs and other Moisture-Containing Substances. |
| GB1304407A (en) * | 1969-05-12 | 1973-01-24 | ||
| US4050164A (en) * | 1976-03-08 | 1977-09-27 | Cromwell B. Campbell | Grain dryer construction |
| GB2052704A (en) * | 1979-05-31 | 1981-01-28 | Gea Luftkuehler Happel Gmbh | Air Temperature Control Apparatus |
| GB2064099A (en) * | 1979-11-29 | 1981-06-10 | Prestcold Ltd | Dehumidifier; Air Conditioner; Drier |
| GB2066651A (en) * | 1980-01-08 | 1981-07-15 | Costello C J | Process and apparatus for conditioning particulate foodstuffs |
| GB2092729A (en) * | 1981-01-07 | 1982-08-18 | Technoscript Ab | Regenerative Dryer |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1994019656A1 (en) * | 1993-02-22 | 1994-09-01 | Greenhalgh Refrigeration Pty. Ltd. | Improvements in or in relation to dehydration units |
| WO1998023819A1 (en) * | 1996-11-25 | 1998-06-04 | Robinet Jean Claude | Device for hydrous consolidation of soils |
| WO2008047196A2 (en) * | 2006-10-15 | 2008-04-24 | Budzinski, Dariusz | Method of drying lignite coal and unit for implementing the drying lignite coal method |
| WO2008047196A3 (en) * | 2006-10-15 | 2008-06-12 | Budzinski Dariusz | Method of drying lignite coal and unit for implementing the drying lignite coal method |
| US10041731B1 (en) * | 2017-02-01 | 2018-08-07 | Donald E Hinks | HVAC grain dryer |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB8726064D0 (en) | 1987-12-09 |
| GB8626528D0 (en) | 1986-12-10 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |