RU2717041C1 - Pneumatic conical grain grinder - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture and can be used in production of combined fodders. Pneumatic conical grinder of grain has hopper (1), suction pipeline (2), suction cone of preliminary destruction of shell of grain (3) with calibrated hole (5), cone fittings (4), cone of formation of vortex tube (6), hoses (7), valves (8), compressor (9), receiving pipeline of following grinding (10), hose for delivery of ground grain (12) and earthing device (13). Raw materials are crushed by application of cones creating high-speed air flows. Grinder is made in mobile version and is used in close proximity to animal feeding areas. Application of remote control means automates the feeding process.

EFFECT: invention usage allows to mechanize process of full-value combined fodders from fodder grain of cereals and leguminous crops.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention is intended for use in agriculture on livestock farms, as well as in industrial enterprises for the production of combined feed.

Various types of grinders and crushers are known, including for crushing grain and grain waste into animal feed: millstones, disk, hammer, rod, cone, rotary.

Known design of the mill "Farmer", consisting of two millstones rotating and stationary, one of which is mounted on a drive shaft, and the other on a fixed cover. Both millstones are placed inside a casing formed by a body and a lid. The disadvantages of this design are its complexity and bulkiness. (Ilchenko V.I. Mill cereal and elevator machines. Zagotizdat, 1938, p. 256)

Known disk mill containing a housing with a receiving funnel, inside of which are coaxially arranged facing each other by the working surfaces with cutting ribs, one of which is fixed to the housing, and the other, movable, by means of a ball bearing mounted on the drive shaft, characterized in that, in order to simplify the design, increase operational reliability and increase productivity, the ball bearing is made with two diametrically opposite projections, and the movable disk with grooves in which are located projections of the ball bearing with the possibility of rocking motion, and the working surfaces of the disks are made with central recesses expanding to each other with curved walls and some of the cutting ribs on them are made curved, and some are straight and protruding above the latter. USSR (d 4 V02S 7/18 (21) 3912881 / 30-33 (22) 11.05.85 (46) 01/15/08. Bul. 1F 2 (75) L.M. Tsymbalyuk and V.I. Shakhidze (53) 621.926.8 (088.8) (56) USSR author's certificate No. 988332, class V02C 7/06, 1981. USSR author's certificate. 935125, class V02C 7/08, 1980. (54) DISK MILL (57). VNIIPI USSR State Committee for Inventions and Discoveries.

A device for processing grain according to RU 93040002, 1993, IPC V02V 3/02, contains a number of abrasive disks, a housing, a grain feed tray, a drive and a sieve.

A known mill for grinding grain and other agricultural products contains a housing with a lid, a millstone, a loading mechanism in the form of a flexible screw (Russia, application RU N 93021694/13 of 04/26/1993, IPC V02C 7/06).

A device for grinding grain is known, RU 93045812/13 from 09/27/93, IPC 6 V02C 9/04, containing a bed with a grain receiving hopper attached to it with an exit window, a sieve and a grinder.

A device for grinding grain is known, comprising a bed with a loading hopper fixed to it, having a window for grain exit, an accelerating plate with corrugations placed on the drive shaft, a sieve and a reflector, a drive (RU 2140325, 10.27.1999).

Known crusher in the composition of a small feed mill for grinding the original grain components, containing a housing on which a flange electric motor is mounted, on the shaft of which a fan impeller and a hammer rotor are mounted. The rotor is made in the form of a hub with two disks, between which there are axles, each with a set of hammers and bushings between them [see Patent No. 2185081, IPC ⁷ A23N 17/00, B02C 9/00, B02C 13/04, 2002]. The disadvantages of this hammer crusher in connection with the use of a fan impeller mounted on the outside of the grinding chamber are the large overall dimensions of the crusher body, high metal consumption, low throughput.

Known hammer crusher, consisting of a housing, inside of which is mounted a removable casing of an outdoor fan. An electric motor is fixed on the housing, on the shaft of which a hammer rotor and an external fan are installed. The hammer rotor is made in the form of a hub with internal and external disks, between which there are axles, each with a set of hammers. Inside the hammer rotor, an additional fan with curved blades is installed on the motor shaft. The external fan blades are mounted on the internal disk, made, for example, in the form of a logarithmic spiral. A decal sieve is attached to the inside of the lid of the case of the hammer mill, and to the outside is a stone separator. The crushing chamber is formed by an internal disk, which is at the same time its inner wall, lid and deca-sieve [see patent No. 2317146, IPC В02С 9/00, В02С 13/04, 2008]. The disadvantage of this design is the large metal and energy consumption due to the use of an external fan, low throughput and large dimensions of the crusher body.

The "Device for grinding grain" is known, described in the patent for utility model of Russia No. 25286, published September 27, 2002. The device for grinding grain contains a frame with a housing fixed to it, inside which a hopper for loading grain and an electric drive are installed, on the shaft of which is fixed a working tool in the form of a plate placed in the working chamber in the form of a cylinder made of sheet steel. The bed has at least two openings for feeding grain into the working chamber, and an electric motor with double insulation with a rotation speed of at least 12 thousand rpm and a useful power of at least 700 W is used as an electric drive. The total area of the holes for feeding grain into the working chamber is at least 800 mm ² . The working edges of the plate in cross section may have a rectangular shape. The bottom and side surface of the working chamber can have many holes, of which the holes on the side surface are circle-shaped, and the holes made on the bottom have the shape of grooves arranged radially and made with different lengths alternating between each other, i.e. long and short grooves.

The well-known "grain chopper" described in the patent for utility model of Russia No. 35245, published January 10, 2004. The grain chopper contains a loading hopper with a protective casing of the electric motor, a plate with an opening for the exit of grain, a flow regulator, a high-speed electric motor, the shaft of which is passed through the plate mounted on the shaft of the shock plate, the plane of rotation of which passes under the hole for the exit of grain, side and lower sieves, reflector and control panel, characterized in that the protective casing of the motor and the feed hopper is cylindrical in shape, with the diameter of the feed hopper exceeding the diameter of the protective casing, the feed hopper is removable with a conical bottom having a vertex displaced relative to the cylinder axis, in which a grain exit hole is made, and is located above the motor protective cover with the possibility of fixing him, and between the holes for the exit of grain, made in the plate and in the hopper, laid a vertical channel in the form of a pipe, rigidly fixed to the plate. The conical bottom of the loading hopper is made in the form of two intersecting cones with axes emanating from one vertex, and is equipped with a cylindrical belt offset from the top of the bottom with clamping screws for telescopic connection with the protective cover of the electric motor and fixing on it. The window for the exit of grain is made at a distance of 71 ± 0.5 mm from the axis of the hole under the motor shaft, and the pipe height is 183 ± 0.5 mm.

It is known "Device for grinding feed" described in the patent for utility model of Russia No. 49673, published December 10, 2005. The device for grinding feed contains a housing having a loading hopper with a window for feeding the product, a compartment for the electric motor, on the vertical shaft of which is fixed a flat grinding tool, a working chamber open from below, and an engine control device, characterized in that the grinding tool is interchangeable, the working chamber has the shape of a cylinder rigidly attached to the housing, and the device in the engine control has a switch knob and engine speed. The tool for grinding root crops can be made in the form of a round plate with a stiffening rib in the form of an upwardly curved edge and with rectangular windows for product exit, in which flat knives are attached to the plate, while the windows are made mainly at an angle to the diameter passing through the windows . The tool for grinding grass can be made in the form of a rhombic plate with two opposite pointed sides. The tool for crushing grain can be made in the form of a rectangular plate. The working chamber is equipped with a removable sieve, installed during grain crushing, a plate is made to the sieve, made to fit the size of the window for feeding the product, while the part of the plate inside the sieve has a window for feeding grain, and the outer part of the plate is bent up and adjoins the hopper wall , forming an inclined surface for directing the grain to the feed window, over which a valve is installed to regulate the supply of grain for crushing.

The “Device for grain grinding” is known, described in the patent for the invention of Russia No. 2140325, published on 10.27.1999. The device contains a frame with a loading hopper fixed to it, having an exit window, a sieve and a grinder, the bed is made in the form of a plate with a grain exit window coinciding with the output window of the hopper, and the hole for the chopper shaft, which is made in the form of a vertically mounted and equipped with a high-speed electric motor sealing unit, and symmetrically mounted on its shaft, passed through anine, plates, the plane of rotation of the peripheral impact part of which passes under the window for grain exit, and the sieve is removable and mounted under the grinder. The window area for the exit of grain is made equal to 300-600 mm ² . A ring-shaped reflector is fixed around the perimeter of the sieve with a radial clearance. On the plate are made stop-clamps for containers - a collection of crushed grain processing product - in the form of mobile brackets with fixation details and a scale of container sizes.

A known method of producing flattened grain, including heating the flatting device and flattening (RF Patent No. 2121398, B02C 4/42, 12.28.94, publ. 10.11.1998). The disadvantage of this method is the insufficient quality of the obtained flattened grain.

A known method of thermal stressing of grain raw materials, including intensive short-term processing of grain at a temperature of 450-600 ° C in a stream of hot air. Kandaurov S.N., Ganzha V.L., Chervyakov A.V., Sharshunov V.A. “Thermal injection of grain raw materials” (journal “Mechanization and Electrification of Agriculture”, issue 9, Moscow, 1999, p. 11, ref. Journal, 44, VINITI, No. RZh 00.10.44.173). This method allows for the processing of grain without artificial wetting it. By controlling the rate of moisture from the grain, you can adjust its nutritional properties. The disadvantage of this method is its low productivity.

Known rotary hydraulic mill (RF Patent No. 2081701, 6 V02S 7/00, 19/18, V29V 17/02 from 09/13/1994), including a housing with inlet and outlet nozzles, a stator and a rotor with alternating cavities and protrusions, working the wheel and the drive, while the stator and rotor are made in the form of removable disks, the first mounted on the inner wall of the housing, and the second on the impeller. The disadvantage of this device is the inefficient operation of the mill due to the presence of cavities and protrusions on the disks, between which gaps of various sizes are formed in the rotation cycle, and only at small intervals they form full-profile blades. When the rotor rotates with the disk, particles of the starting material can enter the gaps and lead to jamming or destruction of the surfaces of the protrusions and depressions.

A known method of grinding grain and granular materials, including feeding grain into the working gap between two moving surfaces of the rolls having an outer wear-resistant layer of about 25 mm, and the destruction of grains when they are moved between these surfaces (Demsky AB Equipment for the production of flour, cereals and feed: a guide. / A.B.Demsky, V.F. Vedeniev. - M .: Delhi print, 2005. - P. 231-268; Goden. AM Fundamentals of mineral processing. / A.M. Goden. - M. : Metallurgizdat, 1946 .-- S. 33-58). However, the use of the described method leads to increased energy consumption, since the destruction of grains on the rolls is carried out in a very short time, and therefore requires the return of the product for subsequent grinding. In addition, equipment that implements the method is material-intensive and expensive, since the destruction of grains by means of rolls causes the manufacture of the latter massive and large in size with sufficiently rapid wear of the outer layer.

A known design of the crusher, including a housing, a rotor, a cylindrical screen shell, rods used for grinding grain with the introduction of the product into the working area along the axis of the rotor [RU 2159535 C1, 04/07/1999]. A disadvantage of the known crusher is the high dynamic air resistance exerted on the rotor blades, leading to overload of the rotor, thereby reducing its service life, in addition, the small cross section of the rotor blades compared with the width of the air-product layer reduces the likelihood of contact of the blades with particles of crushed raw materials and thereby increases the grinding time; the position of the blades relative to the axis of the rotor also affects the length of the grinding period, since most of the contacts of the crushed raw materials and rotor blades as a result are tangent.

Known feed chopper according to the author's certificate of the USSR No. 1142166, dated 12/22/1983, containing a hollow cylindrical body with a loading funnel, on the inner wall of which there are guiding ribs along the helical line, a screw installed in the body and a cutting element located at the output end of the body. Moreover, in order to increase its productivity, the auger is equipped with guide ribs located in a spiral on its surface facing the cutting element. The helix pitch of the guide ribs of the housing is equal to the pitch of the screw. This device is intended for grinding feed to the required particle size distribution and degree of grinding.

The closest technical solution to the invention is the device described in the certificate of authorship: USSR (19) (! 1) (5g) 5 В02С 13/18 Э / 18 STATE COMMITTEE ON INVENTIONS AND OPENINGS under the USSR SCST (21) 4389729/3) 33 (22) 03/10/08 (46) 06/15/90. Bull. No. 22 (71) Moscow Agricultural Academy K.A. Timiryazev (72) V.M. Khalansky, R.V. Brickman, V.E. Panasenko, A.S. Vishnyakov, A.A. Vishnyakov, V.N. Murin, V.L. Pakharukov and V.N. Chaplygin (53) 621.926.4 (088.8) (56) Copyright certificate of the USSR 168099, cl. B02C 7/18, 1963. (54) DEVICE FOR GRINDING (57)

A grinding device comprising a chamber with loading and unloading nozzles and a working body mounted in the chamber with the possibility of rotation, characterized in that, in order to reduce material consumption and energy consumption, the chamber is equipped with an air supply pipe connected to the loading pipe, and the loading pipe is located at relative to the chamber tangentially, and the working body is installed in the chamber using a kinematic pair having five degrees of freedom.

A disadvantage of the known structures for grinding grain, including the prototype, is the high energy consumption and low specific productivity, characterized by the ratio of productivity to energy consumption, as well as the large weight of the devices and the large labor costs for manufacturing.

The objective of the invention is the mechanized preparation of complete combined feed from feed grain of cereals and legumes with their delivery to animal feeders pneumatically, as well as its use in the technological processes of preparing combined feeds at industrial enterprises.

This is achieved by the fact that, in contrast to the known technical solutions, the device "Pneumatic cone grain grinder" has several advantages in relation to known methods and devices:

• with small dimensions and low material consumption of its manufacture, high grinding performance is achieved;

• the use of high-speed air flows creating aerodynamic pressure, grinding grain, eliminates the use of structures working with excessive pressure, rubbing parts and movement transmission mechanisms, which ensures safety during operation of the device, as well as significantly reduces energy and manufacturing costs;

• the device is manufactured in a mobile version and is used in close proximity to places of keeping animals;

• The use of remote controls automates the feeding process.

The drawing shows a schematic diagram of the invention, showing the main components and details of the device.

The device contains: 1 - a hopper for grain; 2 - suction pipe; 3 - suction cone preliminary destruction of the shell of the grain; 4 - conical fittings for connecting high pressure hoses; 5 - calibrated hole; 6 - cone of the formation of a vortex tube; 7 - high pressure hoses; 8 - electromagnetic valves; 9 - compressor; 10 - receiving pipe for subsequent grinding; 11 - connection Rott; 12 - hose for the delivery of crushed grain; 13 - ground electrode;

The parameters of all components and parts of the device, as well as the power of the compressor unit are determined by calculations based on the required performance of the device based on Bernoulli law and Darcy-Weisbach formulas. Strength characteristics of materials for the manufacture of units and parts of the device are determined by the known laws of resistance of materials.

The device works as follows: the crushed grain is loaded into the hopper - 1, compressed air from the compressor - 9 is fed to the base of the cone of the formation of the vortex tube - 6 through flexible hoses - 7 through the conical fittings - 4, which increase the initial speed of the air flow. The airflow vector W ₀ will be directed along the line of least resistance, i.e., towards the receiving pipe - 10, which has a larger diameter with respect to the calibrated hole. The resultant velocity vector W _p will also be directed towards the receiving pipeline. The scalar value of the resultant velocity vector is determined by the following equation:

W _p = W ₀ * cos α / 2,

where α is the angle of inclination of the generators of the cone - 6.

For guaranteed absorption of grain from the hopper, the value of the resultant speed must exceed the value of the soaring speed of the crushed grain.

The destruction of the grain shell occurs in a calibrated hole - 5 cone - 3.

The force arising during the passage of air flow through a calibrated hole is determined by the following equation:

N = G _c * W _p ,

where G _c is the mass flow rate of the air-grain mixture kg / s;

The mass flow rate of the air-grain mixture through a calibrated hole -5, is determined according to the Bernoulli law:

G _c = ρ _c * W _p * ƒ,

where ρ _{with the} density of the absorbed grain-air mixture kg / m ³ ;

ƒ is the cross-sectional area of the calibrated hole, m ² .

The aerodynamic pressure in the calibrated hole is determined by the formula:

P _aero = ρ _c * W ² _p / 2,

All the above parameters are calculated so that the suction force N and aerodynamic pressure exceed the static strength of the crushed grain. The capacity of the compressor unit and the diameters of the supply hoses are calculated so that the air flow rate provides a Reynolds coefficient above 2300. Under this condition, air flow turbulence is ensured. The length and diameters of the base and the top of the cone - 6 are calculated so that the conditions for the formation of a conical vortex tube under the condition of turbulent motion are observed. The vortex tube intensity is calculated by the formula known in aerodynamics:

where G is the intensity of the vortex tube, m ² / s;

C — velocity circulation along the cone contour, once covering the vortex tube;

W = W ₀ - speed of the transporting air;

- подынтегральная функция отражающая контур циркуляции транспортирующего воздуха.

- the integrand reflecting the circulation circuit of the transporting air.

The speed of the mixture in a conical vortex tube is calculated by Kelvin's theorem:

W _W = G / (2 π r _w ),

where W _W m / s is the velocity of the conveying air mixed with crushed grain in a conical vortex tube passing into the conveying hose;

r _W , m - radius of air movement in a mixture with crushed grain in a conical vortex tube.

The suction cone for preliminary destruction of the grain shell - 3 is made in such a way that there is a calibrated hole - 5 at its apex. The suction cone is connected to the base of the vortex tube - 6 formation cone using flanges so that the center of the calibrated hole - 5 is on the axis projection vortex tube to the base of the vortex tube formation cone - 6. Subsequent grain refinement takes place in the intake pipe - 10, as well as in the conveying hose - 12 under the influence m aerodynamic pressure, which is determined by the formula:

P _W = ρ _c * W ² _W / 2

Shredded grain is transported through hoses - 12 connected to the receiving pipe with the help of the Rott nut - 11.

The parameters of the movement of the air-grain mixture during transportation via a hose are calculated according to the methodology of Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor S. Evtyukov, described in the “Handbook of Pneumocomplexes and Pneumatic Transport Equipment”, E27, “DNA Publishing House”, 2005. - 456 p.

Remote control of the device is carried out using electromagnetic valves - 8, with a small remote control. To protect the device from static electricity that occurs during the transportation of bulk mixtures, an earthing switch -13

Claims (1)

Pneumatic cone grain grinder, characterized in that it has a hopper (1), a suction pipe (2), a suction cone for preliminary destruction of the grain shell (3), at the top of which a calibrated hole (5) is made, conical fittings for connecting high pressure hoses ( 4), the vortex tube formation cone (6), high pressure hoses (7), solenoid valves (8) used to remotely control the cone grinder, a compressor (9), a receiving pipe for subsequent grinding (10), a hose for rates of crushed grain (12) and an earthing switch (13) designed to protect the grinder from static electricity that occurs during transportation of bulk mixtures, while the compressor (9) for supplying compressed air is communicated with the base of the vortex tube formation cone (6) via flexible hoses ( 7) through conical fittings (4) that increase the initial air flow rate, and the suction cone (3) is attached to the base of the vortex tube formation cone (6) using flanges so that the center of the calibrated hole (5) was located on the projection of the axis of the vortex tube (6) onto the base of the cone of formation of the vortex tube (6), moreover, the destruction of the grain shell occurs in a calibrated hole (5), having a diameter smaller than the diameter of the receiving pipe (10), and subsequent grinding grain occurs under the influence of aerodynamic pressure in the receiving pipe (10) and in the transporting hose (12), in addition, the transportation of the crushed grain is performed by the transporting hose (12) connected to the receiving pipe (10) using the Rott nut (11).

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