RU2489211C1 - Taper impact grinding crusher - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: process engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to grinding of different mineral composition ores and monomineral and industrial elastoplastic materials in production of super pure substances. Proposed grinding crusher comprises rotary outer cone with loading funnel, cylindrical and conical surfaces and inner rotary cone with cylindrical and conical surfaces. Inner rotary cone is rigidly coupled with impact machine that makes the source of continuously reiterating impact pulses with single pulse energy overcoming material impact resistance. Inner rotary cone can be arranged aligned with outer cone or with parallel or cross rotational axes. Ratio between angular rpm of cones should make infinite irrational fraction.

EFFECT: higher efficiency and quality of grinding, decreased contamination of material being ground.

5 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to grinding equipment and may find application for grinding a wide range of materials, brittle low-strength, brittle especially strong, ductile low-strength materials. The invention can be used to obtain nanomaterials; in the production of composites in the electronics industry; in the production of building materials; in the paint and varnish industry; in ore dressing at mining enterprises; in medicine during the abrasion of solid constituents of medicines and in other industries during the grinding of highly pure substances.

The invention relates to priority areas of development of science and technology: "Nanotechnology and nanomaterials", "Technologies for processing and utilization of technogenic formations and waste", "Technologies for the creation and processing of composite and ceramic materials", "Technologies for the creation and processing of crystalline materials", "Technologies for creating electronic component base "because it allows you to obtain the required dimensions of components from various raw materials" [Alphabetical index to the International Patent Classification by priority areas for the development of science and technology / Yu.G. Smirnov, E.V. Skidanova, S.A. Krasnov. - M.: PATENT, 2008 .-- p. 18, 58, 71, 73, 94].

Conical shredders (crushers, mills) of various designs and operating principles are widely known from the prior art: with coaxially rotating, parallel or intersecting axes, for example, vibrational, inertial centrifugal, with reciprocating motion of the crushing cone, with blowing, wet grinding and others [I.A. Tentacle. Grinding solid materials in the chemical industry. Ed. "Chemistry", Leningrad, 1972, p. 15], however, they have a relatively low energy efficiency and are of little use when working with highly pure substances.

All known analogues implement the principles of crushing by compression, crushing and abrasion without intense impact. At the same time, it is known that the implementation of the grinding regime by high-speed impact significantly increases the energy efficiency of the grinding process [G.S. Khodakov. Fine grinding of building materials. Publishing house of building literature, Moscow, 1972, p. 134]. The indicated principle of crushing by free high-speed impact is realized, for example, in jet mills, rotor-vortex mills, etc., having a sufficiently high energy efficiency. Grinding in these devices occurs at high mutual speeds of the crushed material and the surfaces of the working fluid, which dramatically increases the abrasive wear of the working surfaces and, accordingly, increases the contamination of the wear products of the working surfaces of the processed material.

Known vibration crusher [A.S. No. 627859, IPC V02C 19/16, published on 10/15/78], intended for crushing coal and similar materials.

Signs of a well-known analogue that coincide with the essential features of the claimed device are: internal and external cone-shaped crushing bodies, a drive mounted on an internal crushing cone.

The disadvantage of the analogue is that, despite the relatively high productivity, the device is not suitable for grinding hard and extremely hard rocks and does not allow to obtain solid high-purity materials with a high degree of grinding, since the grinding of the material occurs by crushing and self-abrasion, which leads to significant mechanical efforts and, as a result, low energy efficiency when crushing solid materials. The possibilities of grinding high-purity substances sharply decrease with an increase in their strength and abrasive properties and are highly dependent on the availability of structural materials with the necessary characteristics. The disadvantages also include the complex kinematic scheme of the device.

Known cone crusher [A.S. No. 612693, IPC V02S 2/10, published on 06/30/78], intended for the production of bulk, mainly non-metallic building materials, as well as for the machining of solid minerals.

Signs of a well-known analogue that coincide with the essential features of the claimed device are: a cone-shaped body, an inner cone, made with the possibility of reciprocating movement from the drive.

The disadvantage of the analogue is that when the device is operating according to A.S. No. 612693, the destruction of the material is similar in impact to impact, but the destruction mechanism is close to static crushing, but not to impact destruction, which leads to significant mechanical forces and low energy efficiency when crushing solid materials. Abrasive wear of working fluids resulting from high static loads also limits the possibility of using an analogue for grinding solid high-purity substances.

Closest to the claimed invention is a cone crusher [RF Patent No. 1827867, IPC В02С 2/04, published September 10, 1995], intended for crushing and fine grinding of mineral material for the construction industry in the production of fine and fine grinding fractions.

Signs of the prototype that coincide with the essential features of the claimed device are: a cone-shaped body, an inner cone, cone rotation drives that allow you to choose any rotation speed, axial movement of the cones to adjust the gaps.

The disadvantage of the analogue is the impossibility of grinding strong and especially strong materials due to the occurrence of significant loads on the cutters of the cones and the likelihood of their puncturing. When the device according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 1827867 is operating, although material destruction is achieved similar to impact, the destruction mechanism is close to static crushing, but not to impact destruction. Abrasive wear of the working fluid also limits the possibility of using the prototype for grinding solid high-purity substances.

The objective of the invention is to provide a grinder, which improves the grinding efficiency in terms of productivity and energy consumption with a minimum degree of contamination of the final material with wear products of working surfaces.

The technical result of the claimed invention consists in reducing energy consumption while increasing the degree of grinding of the final material and reducing the degree of contamination by wear products of structural parts due to the implementation of the grinding regime by high-speed proprietary impact with the energy of a single impact, providing volumetric destruction of the material being ground at relatively low mutual speeds of the material and work surfaces and short duration of the applied shock load. In other words, in providing the grinding regime with a “prolonged” shock pulse, that is, a regime that creates local, low-wear, constantly changing grinding zones with an ultrahigh energy concentration.

The technical result of the claimed invention is achieved in that a conical impact abrasive shredder, comprising an external rotating cone with a loading funnel and installed in an elastic support, an internal rotating cone, rotation drives of the cones, an axial movement drive of the internal rotating cone for adjusting the gap, the frame according to the invention, additionally contains a shock machine as a source of continuously repeating shock pulses, while the internal rotating cone is rigidly coaxially fixed and the impact of the machine housing.

The technical result of the claimed invention is also achieved by the fact that the ratio of the angular speeds of rotation of the external and internal cones form an infinite irrational fraction.

The technical result of the claimed invention is achieved by the fact that when grinding brittle low-strength rocks, an external rotating cone is mounted coaxially with respect to the internal rotating cone. When crushing brittle especially strong rocks, an external rotating cone is installed in parallel with the internal rotating cone. At the same time, when grinding ductile low-strength rocks, the inner rotating cone is set relative to the external rotating cone with intersecting axes.

Differences from the prototype prove the novelty of the claimed device.

In the inventive device, as a source of continuously repeating shock impulse, a shock machine with a single impact energy sufficient to overcome the threshold of shock volumetric destruction of the crushed material is used, and the internal crushing cone is rigidly connected to the body of the shock machine. Rigid coaxial fastening on the body of the percussion machine of the internal rotating cone allows you to transfer momentum from the source to the crushed material. The striker of the percussion machine strikes the body of the machine, which leads to a “tightening of the shock” due to the inertia of the body, which allows for a short time of the shock pulse to increase the time of force impact on the crushed material.

The use of a shock machine as a source of a shock pulse allows one to switch from the grinding regime by compression (crushing) to the grinding regime by non-free impact, which causes shock-wave volumetric destruction of the material during the propagation of elastic compression and rarefaction waves in the crushed material. Grinding occurs at relatively low mutual speeds of the crushed material and the surfaces of the working fluids, which makes it possible to sharply reduce the abrasive wear of crushing surfaces and, accordingly, the contamination by wear products of the working surfaces of the processed material, in contrast to jet and centrifugal impact mills, which implement the principle of crushing by free blow.

When the shock interaction of the crushed material (quartz, garnets, granite and others) with the tool there is a threshold value of the impact energy, providing volumetric destruction of the material with minimal energy intensity [Timonin V.V. Justification of the parameters of rock cutting tools and hydraulic percussion machines for drilling wells in rocks. Abstract of dissertation for the degree of candidate of technical sciences, Novosibirsk, 2009]. According to the wave theory of impact, upon impact of the striker of the striker with the anvil, a compression wave arises in the latter, which, moving along the anvil and the body of the percussion machine, reaches the internal shock rotating cone and transmits a compression impulse to the crushed material. The effectiveness of the transmission of shock pulses depends on the state of the crushed raw materials in the gap between the working surfaces at the time of impact. The optimal transfer of impact energy is achieved if the pieces of the crushed raw materials are in close contact with the working surfaces at the moment of arrival of the compression wave. If there is no such contact, the compression wave is reflected without performing useful work, and although it returns in a short time, it loses part of its energy. A compression wave is formed in a piece of the processed material from at least two sides (at points of contact with the working surfaces of the cones). When a compression pulse is reflected from free surfaces and structural inhomogeneities of the ground body, pulsed tensile stresses (rarefaction waves) are generated inside it.

In hard and strong materials with a high modulus of elasticity, large compressive and tensile stresses arise. Upon reaching critical stress values exceeding the compressive and tensile strength of the material being crushed, its particles are destroyed. To ensure a minimum degree of contamination by wear products, the toughness of the material of the working surfaces of the cones should exceed the toughness of the crushed material.

The use of a percussion machine makes it easy to control the strength and frequency of impacts, significantly reducing the energy consumption of crushing and optimizing the grinding process for a particular type of raw material, which differs from traditional cone mills. Since during the operation of the percussion machine, the longitudinal stroke of the percussion cone is minimized and only the impact destructive impulse acts on the material being crushed, overgrinding and undergrinding are excluded. The evacuation of crushed material from the working gap is facilitated when returning the working fluid during the return stroke of the striker of the percussion machine.

It is widely known in the prior art to use sources of continuously repeating impact in the form of a percussion machine, for example, in perforators designed for punching holes in reinforced concrete walls, jack hammers for breaking monoliths, and also for driving holes in various soils.

In known objects, a feature similar to the distinguishing feature of the claimed device performs the function of a monolithic failure of fractional composition with constant removal of the destroyed material during the introduction of rock-breaking pins into the monoliths under the influence of shock load.

In the inventive object, the use of a pulsed impact source allows for controlled highly efficient grinding of lump material by implementing a grinding regime with a high-speed proprietary impact with a single impact energy, providing volumetric destruction of the crushed material at relatively low mutual velocities of the material and work surfaces with a short duration of applied shock load, reducing wear on working surfaces , and, as a result, reduction of contamination with products from wasp crushed material.

Thus, the influence of a similar feature on the claimed technical result is not known, which confirms the compliance of the proposed solution with the condition of patentability "inventive step".

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where Fig. 1 schematically shows the claimed device in a section, Fig. 2 schematically shows a section of a working gap between an external rotating cone and an internal rotating cone.

The elements of the inventive chopper, shown in figures 1 and 2, are indicated by the following numbers and letters:

1 - external rotating cone;

2 - loading funnel;

3 - internal rotating cone;

4 - elastic support;

5 - shock machine body;

6 - striker striking machine;

7 - elastic support of the percussion machine;

8 - unloading window;

a - cylindrical abrasive portion of the working surface

external rotating cone;

b - cylindrical abrasive area of the working surface

inner rotating cone;

in - conical crushing section of the working surface with an angle α

external rotating cone;

g - conical crushing section of the working surface with an angle α

inner rotating cone;

d - conical crushing section of the working surface with an angle β

external rotating cone;

e - conical crushing portion of the working surface with an angle β

inner rotating cone.

The chopper (Fig. 1) consists of an external rotating cone 1 having a loading funnel 2 and an internal rotating cone 3. The external rotating cone 1 is mounted on an elastic support 4 with the possibility of rotation with an angular velocity w1. The inner rotating cone 3 is rigidly coaxially mounted on the body of the impact machine 5. The impact machine is placed on an elastic support 7 with the possibility of rotation with an angular velocity w2. Elastic supports 4 and 7, damping shock loads are rigidly fixed to the frame (not shown in the drawing). The fastening of the working cones 1 and 3 in the elastic supports 4 and 7 ensures a constant compression of the crushed material and the preservation of the working settings depending on the required grinding parameters. The cone rotation drives and the axial movement drive of the internal rotating cone for adjusting the clearance between the cones 1 and 3 (the drives are not shown in the drawing) are mounted on the frame. The discharge window 8 for output of crushed material is placed below the working gap between the cones 1 and 3.

The working surface of the outer rotating cone 1 has a cylindrical abrasive section a and at least two conical crushing sections c and d (figure 2). The working surface of the inner rotating cone 3 has a cylindrical abrasive section b and at least two conical crushing sections d and e (figure 2). The tilt angles of the conical surfaces are selected based on the characteristics of the crushed material and its initial size, which allows you to simultaneously grind particles of different fractions by size, increasing the degree of grinding, and facilitates the timely withdrawal of the fraction crushed to the right size, increasing the energy efficiency of the grinding process.

The external rotating cone 1 and the internal rotating cone 3, rigidly coaxially fixed to the body of the impact machine 5, can be installed relative to each other in the following ways:

- coaxially;

- with a parallel arrangement of axes of rotation;

- with intersecting axes of rotation.

This design of different-angled conical crushing working surfaces and cylindrical abrasive sections of the outer rotating cone 1 and the inner rotating cone 3 allows you to combine the features of the inventive device impact grinding and abrasion.

The required size of the grinding is ensured by the structural dimensions and adjustments of the working clearances depending on the tasks and physical properties of the crushed materials. In this case, the required angular rotation speeds w1 and w2, the energy of a single impact of the percussion machine and the frequency of single impacts sufficient to grind with a minimum contact time of the crushed material with the working surfaces are determined. In order to further reduce the abrasive wear of working surfaces, the following conditions must be observed - the ratio of the angular velocities (w1 / w2) of the inner and outer cones should be an infinite irrational fraction.

The presence of grinding conical bodies rotating at different angular speeds, both internal and external, having different angular conical grinding surfaces, combined with a percussion machine with a “pulled” shock pulse, allows creating local, low-wear, constantly changing grinding zones with an ultrahigh energy concentration. In these zones, the material being ground undergoes periodic supercritical mechanical stresses at very high application rates of impact and abrasion loads, which ensure grinding in very short time intervals with high efficiency. Subject to the conditions w1 / w2 - infinite irrational fraction, repeated contacts of contacting points are excluded, which allows to reduce the degree of infection due to uniform and very small wear.

The device operates as follows.

In the process of preparing the device for operation, based on the physical characteristics of the starting material and the required size of grinding, the following are determined: the working gap between the external rotating cone 1 and the internal rotating cone 3, angular rotation speeds w1 and w2, the energy of a single impact of an impact machine 5 and the frequency of single impacts.

The source material through the feed funnel 2 enters into the working gap formed by the external rotating cone 1 and the internal rotating cone 3. At the moment of impact of the hammer of the impact machine 6 against the upper part of the body of the impact machine 5 (anvil), an impulse arises. The decrease in the amplitude of the shock pulse occurs slowly due to the inertia of the mass of the body of the shock machine 5. In other words, during the return of the striker of the shock machine 6, that is, during idle, the action of the shock pulse is still carried out. At the same time, the working surfaces of the rotating cones c and d , d and e contact the particles of the crushed material , respectively. In this contact zone, volumetric destruction and softening of the crushed material occurs under the action of a shock pulse and abrasive loads during rotation of the cones 1 and 3. During the return of the striker of the percussion machine 6 (idle), the crushed material is carried along in a spiral towards the discharge window 8. Final grinding to the necessary fractions of the material occurs in the gap between the cylindrical abrasive sections of the working surfaces of the cones a and b . The crushed material is discharged through the discharge window 8. The under-crushed material is crushed in the gaps between the conical crushing sections of the working surfaces c and d , d and f of the cones 1 and 3 (Fig. 2) during subsequent constantly repeating working cycles.

The resulting product, with minimal regrinding, will have a high percentage of cuboid-shaped grains.

As a percussion machine, electric, pneumatic, gas-liquid and liquid machines can be used in which the striker, the source of shock loads, strikes the anvil of the body of the percussion machine, i.e., the percussion machine uses a percussion machine in which the anvil is fixed on the inner surface of the upper body parts.

The design of the inventive conical impact abrasive grinder provides grinding both in a gas and in a liquid medium.

Claims (5)

1. A conical impact abrasive shredder, comprising an external rotating cone with a loading funnel mounted in an elastic support, an internal rotating cone, rotation drives of the cones, an axial movement drive of the internal rotating cone for adjusting the gap, a frame characterized in that it further comprises an impact machine in as a source of continuously repeating shock impulse, while the internal rotating cone is rigidly coaxially fixed to the body of the shock machine. 2. The grinder according to claim 1, characterized in that the ratio of the angular velocities of rotation of the external and internal cones forms an infinite irrational fraction. 3. The grinder according to claim 1, characterized in that when grinding brittle low-strength rocks, an external rotating cone is mounted coaxially with respect to the internal rotating cone. 4. The grinder according to claim 1, characterized in that when grinding brittle especially strong rocks, an external rotating cone is installed in parallel with the internal rotating cone. 5. The grinder according to claim 1, characterized in that when grinding plastic low-strength rocks, an external rotating cone is set relative to the internal rotating cone with intersecting axes.

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